Introduction

● Faraday’s Law
Self Induction
● Lenz Law
● LR Circuit

Motional EMF EMI

Mutual Induction
● Induced Electric
Field
 Magnetic Flux
The number of Magnetic Field Lines Passing through a
Surface is called as Magnetic Flux
Uniform Magnetic Field

A
Non Uniform Magnetic Field

𝞍= ∫ B . dA
S

● It is scalar quantity
● SI Unit is Tm2 or Weber (Wb)
Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic induction
Induced Emf
Michael Faraday
Faraday’s law of
Magnetic induction
Magnitude of Induced EMF

Heinrich Lenz
Lenz’s Law
Direction of
Induced EMF
 Faraday’s Law of magnetic induction

Point 1: Whenever there is a change in magnetic flux

associated with a coil, an EMF or current is induced in the coil.

Point 2: Magnitude of induced EMF is directly proportional to

the rate of change of flux associated with the coil

|ε| =

Induced Rate of change

EMF of magnetic flux
 Lenz Law

● According to Lenz law, whenever a magnetic flux

linked with a surface changes, induced EMF will be
such that it
Always oppose the cause which produces It.

● If ɸ through surface Increases, the induced EMF will be

such that it will decrease the increasing flux.

● If ɸ through surface decreases, EMF will be induced

such that it will tend to increase the decreasing flux.
 Lenz Law

● Lenz modified the Faraday law by introducing a –

ve sign which means the induced EMF opposes its
own cause.

ε
 Different Ways
To Change Magnetic Flux
Changing Area A
Changing Magnetic Field B
Changing Angle θ
Questions
 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-1

The induced emf can be produced in a coil by

A. moving the coil with uniform speed inside uniform
magnetic field
B. moving the coil with non uniform speed inside
uniform magnetic field
C. rotating the coil inside the uniform magnetic field
D. changing the area of the coil inside the uniform
magnetic field
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A B and D only

B C and D only

C B and C only

D A and C only
 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-1

The induced emf can be produced in a coil by

A. moving the coil with uniform speed inside uniform
magnetic field
B. moving the coil with non uniform speed inside
uniform magnetic field
C. rotating the coil inside the uniform magnetic field
D. changing the area of the coil inside the uniform
magnetic field
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A B and D only

B C and D only

C B and C only

D A and C only
 JEE Main 11th April 2023 S-1

The magnetic field B crossing normally a square

metallic plate of area 4 m2 is changing with time
as shown in figure. The magnitude of induced
emf in the plate during t = 2s to t = 4s, is __ mV.
 JEE Main 11th April 2023 S-1

The magnetic field B crossing normally a square

metallic plate of area 4 m2 is changing with time
as shown in figure. The magnitude of induced
emf in the plate during t = 2s to t = 4s, is __ mV.

Answer : 8
 JEE Main 12th April 2023 S-1

A conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform

magnetic field of 0.4 T with its plane
perpendicular to the field. Somehow, the radius
of the loop starts expanding at a constant rate
of 1 mm/s. The magnitude of induced emf in the
loop at an instant when the radius of the lop is 2
cm will be ______μV.
 JEE Main 12th April 2023 S-1

A conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform

magnetic field of 0.4 T with its plane
perpendicular to the field. Somehow, the radius
of the loop starts expanding at a constant rate
of 1 mm/s. The magnitude of induced emf in the
loop at an instant when the radius of the lop is 2
cm will be ______μV.

Answer: 50
 JEE Main 29th Jan 2023 S-1

A certain elastic conducting material is

stretched into a circular loop. It is placed with its
plane perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field
B = 0.8 T. When released the radius of the loop
starts shrinking at a constant rate of 2 cm-1. The
induced emf in the loop at an instant when the
radius of the loop is 10 cm will be____ mV.

HOME WORK
A bar magnet is freely falling along the axis of a
circular loop as shown in figure. State whether
its acceleration a is

A less than g

B greater than g

C equal to g

D None of these
A bar magnet is freely falling along the axis of a
circular loop as shown in figure. State whether
its acceleration a is

A less than g

B greater than g

C equal to g

D None of these
 JEE Main 13th April 2023 S-2

An insulated copper wire of 100 turns is wrapped

around a wooden cylindrical core of the cross-
sectional area 24 cm2. The two ends of the wire
are connected to a resistor. The total resistance
in the circuit is 12 Ω. If an externally applied
uniform magnetic field in the core along its axis
changes from 1.5 T in one direction to 1.5 T in the
opposite direction, the charge flowing through a
point in the circuit during the change of
magnetic field will be ______ mC.
 JEE Main 13th April 2023 S-2

An insulated copper wire of 100 turns is wrapped

around a wooden cylindrical core of the cross-
sectional area 24 cm2. The two ends of the wire
are connected to a resistor. The total resistance
in the circuit is 12 Ω. If an externally applied
uniform magnetic field in the core along its axis
changes from 1.5 T in one direction to 1.5 T in the
opposite direction, the charge flowing through a
point in the circuit during the change of
magnetic field will be ______ mC.

Answer: 60
AC Generator
 JEE Main 24th June 2022 S-2

A circular coil of 1000 turns each with area 1 m2

is rotated about its vertical diameter at the rate
of one revolution per second in a uniform
horizontal magnetic field of 0.07 T. The
maximum voltage generation will be _____ V.
 JEE Main 24th June 2022 S-2

A circular coil of 1000 turns each with area 1 m2

is rotated about its vertical diameter at the rate
of one revolution per second in a uniform
horizontal magnetic field of 0.07 T. The
maximum voltage generation will be _____ V.

Answer: 440
Current in a long current carrying wire is I = 2t A
conducting loop is placed to the right of this
wire. Find magnetic flux φB passing through the
loop.

D
Current in a long current carrying wire is I = 2t A
conducting loop is placed to the right of this
wire. Find magnetic flux φB passing through the
loop.

D
 Motional EMF
It is the EMF produced by the Motion of the
Conductor in a Magnetic Field.
 Motional EMF

ⓍB

L v
 Important Points

● Ɛ = BLv

● The above formula is valid only if B, L, V are

mutually perpendicular to each other.

● The Positive terminal of battery is in

direction of given by direction of

 X B

L
V
 X B

L
𝜽

V
 V

X B

L
 X B
V

R
 JEE Main 25th Jan 2023 S-2

A wire of length 1 m moving with velocity 8 m/s

at right angles to a magnetic field of 2T. The
magnitude of induced emf, between the ends of
wire will be_____:

A 20 V

B 8V

C 12 V

D 16 V
 JEE Main 25th Jan 2023 S-2

A wire of length 1 m moving with velocity 8 m/s

at right angles to a magnetic field of 2T. The
magnitude of induced emf, between the ends of
wire will be_____:

A 20 V

B 8V

C 12 V

D 16 V
 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-1

A 1 m long metal rod XY completes the circuit as shown

in figure. The plane of the circuit is perpendicular to the
magnetic field of flux density 0.15 T. If the resistance of
the circuit is 5 Ω, the force needed to move the rod in
direction, as indicated, with a constant speed of 4 m/s
will be _______ 10-3 N.
 JEE Main 10th April 2023 S-1

A 1 m long metal rod XY completes the circuit as shown

in figure. The plane of the circuit is perpendicular to the
magnetic field of flux density 0.15 T. If the resistance of
the circuit is 5 Ω, the force needed to move the rod in
direction, as indicated, with a constant speed of 4 m/s
will be _______ 10-3 N.

Answer: 18
Rotation of Rod
 JEE Main 24th Jan 2023 S-2

A metallic rod of length ‘L’ is rotated with an

angular speed of ‘⍵’ normal to a uniform
magnetic field ‘B’ about an axis passing through
one end of rod as shown in figure. The induced
emf will be:

D
 JEE Main 24th Jan 2023 S-2

A metallic rod of length ‘L’ is rotated with an

angular speed of ‘⍵’ normal to a uniform
magnetic field ‘B’ about an axis passing through
one end of rod as shown in figure. The induced
emf will be:

D
 Induced Electric Field

The Electric Field produced by Changing Magnetic Field

is called as Induced Electric Field
Cylindrical Magnetic Zone

⛒ B
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒ R ⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒
 ⛒ B
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒ ⛒
⛒ R ⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
 Inside Region

⛒ B
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒ ⛒
⛒ R ⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
 Outside Region

⛒ B
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒ ⛒
⛒ R ⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
Inside Region Outside Region
The Induced Electric Field is Non Electrostatic & Non-
Conservative in Nature it also forms Closed Loops
Find Electric Field at Inside and Outside
Magnetic Zone . [ B=∝t]

⛒ B
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒ ⛒
⛒ R ⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
 ⛒ B
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒ R ⛒ ⛒
⛒
⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒ ⛒
⛒
 IIT 2011
Which of the field patterns given below is valid
for electric field as well as for magnetic field?

A B

C D
A B

C D
 IIT 2011
Which of the field patterns given below is valid
for electric field as well as for magnetic field?

A B

C D
 Self Inductance

● It is the phenomena of the induction of EMF

in the coil due to its own current

● Due to this property a coil opposes the

change in current in it.
Self Inductance

r
 Self Inductance

● ɸ = BA i.e. ɸ ∝ B ∝ I
ɸ ∝I
ɸ = LI L: Coefficient of self-induction
● Its SI Unit is or WbA–1 Henry (H)

● Depends on the geometry of coil.

 Self inductance of a Solenoid

Radius R

L, “n”
 Solenoid

l
Potential Difference Across Inductor

A B
 JEE Main 30th Jan 2023 S-1

As per the given figure, if

then the value of VAB at this instant
will be_____ V.
 JEE Main 30th Jan 2023 S-1

As per the given figure, if

then the value of VAB at this instant
will be_____ V.
Answer: 30
LR Circuit
 LR Circuit

● At t = 0 Inductor acts as
OPEN circuit

● At t = ∞ Inductor acts as
SHORT circuit
An LR circuit is as shown. Find
1. Initial current in all elements
2. Final current in all elements
 Magnetic Energy Density
The Energy Stored Per Unit Volume in Magnetic
Field is called as Energy Density.
I
 Energy in inductor (U)

● Inductor is a device which is used to store energy

in the form of magnetic field.

I
Mutual Inductance
 Mutual Inductance
It is the Phenomenon of Induction of EMF in one coil
due to change in current in the neighbouring Coil.

φ2 ∝ B1
φ2 ∝ i1
φ2 = M21i1
I1
2
–
ε2 = M di 1
21 1
dt
Factors Affecting Mutual Inductance

1. Geometry
2. Medium
3. Relative orientation
R2 >> R1

R2

R1
 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-2

Two concentric circular coils with radii 1 cm and

1000 cm, and number of turns 10 and 200
respectively are placed coaxially with centers
coinciding. The mutual inductance of this
arrangement will be _______ × 10-8 H.
(Take, 𝜋2 = 10)
Let a current i flow in ‘coil 2’ of radius a2.
Magnetic field around ‘coil 1’

Magnetic flux in coil 2, due to

field produced by coil 1
 JEE Main 6th April 2023 S-2

Two concentric circular coils with radii 1 cm and

1000 cm, and number of turns 10 and 200
respectively are placed coaxially with centers
coinciding. The mutual inductance of this
arrangement will be _______ × 10-8 H.
(Take, 𝜋2 = 10)

Answer: 4