“BOOST CONVERTER CIRCUIT USING IC 555”

A Mini project report submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering, SEM III, in
ELECTRICAL ENGINNERING
By

MR. BHOIR PRATHAMESH DILIP

MR.BHOIR SARTHAK ARVIND

MR.BHOIR CHETAN BHAGWAN

Under Guidance of
Prof. Hemant Mahajan

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Jawahar Education Society’s
Annasaheb Chudaman Patil College of Engineering
 Jawahar Education Society’s
Annasaheb Chudaman Patil College of Engineering
Kharghar, Navi Mumbai- 410210

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that below mentioned students have successfully completed Mini Project required in
partial fulfilment of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering (SEM-III) from
Mumbai University during the academic year 2020-2021.

Submitted by

MR. PRATHAMESH DILIP BHOIR (PRN NO. : 191011007)

MR.SARTHAK ARVIND BHOIR (PRN NO. : 191011025)

MR. CHETAN BHAGWAN BHOIR (PRN NO. : 191011014)

Under Guidance of Under Guidance of

Prof. Hemant Mahajan

(Internal Examiner) (External Examiner)

Mrs. J. R. Mundkar Dr. V. N. Pawar

(Head of Electrical Engineering Department) (Principal)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is indeed a matter of great pleasure and proud privilege to be able to present this
project on

“BOOST CONVERTER CIRCUIT USING IC 555”

The completion of the Mini project work is a millstone in student life and its
execution is inevitable in the hands of guide.

We are highly indebted the projects guide Prof. Hemant Mahajan for his
invaluable guidance and appreciation for giving form and substance to this report.

It is due to his enduring efforts; patience and enthusiasm, which has given a sense
of direction and purposefulness to this project and ultimately made it a success.

We would also like to express our deep regards and gratitude to the Mrs. J. R.
Mundkar (Head of Department, Electrical Engineering Department).

We would like to tender our sincere thanks the staff members for their co-
operation. We would also like to express our deep regards and gratitude to the

Principal - Dr. V. N. PAWAR

We would wish to thank the non - teaching staff and our friends who have helped
us all the time in one way or the other. Really it is highly impossible to repay the
debt of all the people who have directly or indirectly helped us for performing the
project.
 ABSTARCT

TABLE OF CONTENT

SR.
CONTENT PAGE NO.
NO.
1. WHAT IS BOOST CONVERTER? 5

GENERAL SCHEMATIC OF (NON-INVERTING)

2. BOOST CONVERTER 6

3. DUTY CYCLE 7

4. WORKING OF BOOST CONVERTER 8

5. FULL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF BOOST CONVERTER 10

6. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 11

7. BOOST CONVERTER SIMULATION 14

8. OPERATION OF BOOST CONVERTER PRACTICALLY 15

9. APPLICATIONS OF BOOST CONVERTER 16

10 CONCLUSION & REFERENCE 17

 WHAT IS BOOST CONVERTER?

Boost converter is a DC to DC step-up voltage converter whose output voltage is

always greater than its input while its output current is lower than its input.

It is a category of switch mode power supply or SMPS which can efficiently convert
voltage from one level to another and its input and output power are ideally the same.

A basic practical boost converter circuit consists of two semiconductor and two energy
storage components.The two semiconductor components are a switching MOSFET and a
schottky diode; the two energy storage components are an inductor which plays a key
role in boosting voltage and a capacitor to smooth the DC output.
GENERAL SCHEMATIC OF (NON-INVERTING) BOOST CONVERTER:

The above schematic is a generalized non-inverting boost converter; it is called a non-

inverting boost converter because its input and output polarity sides are the same. The
above circuit consists of an N-Channel MOSFET, an inductor, a reverse blocking diode
and an electrolytic capacitor; these four (main) components do the job of boosting and
smoothing of output.
 DUTY CYCLE

To make the above circuit work we need to apply a high frequency signal in the range of
tens of KHz whose duty cycle can be varied.The duty cycle is going to determine the
output voltage. If the duty cycle is low the output voltage will be low but higher than its
input and if the duty cycle is high the output will be way higher than its input.
 WORKING OF BOOST CONVERTER

The working of boost converter can be understood better using two scenarios:

 When the MOSFET is ON.

 When the MOSFET is OFF.

MOSFET ON:

When the MOSFET is ON, the equivalent circuit will be as shown below:

 When the MOSFET is ON, current passes through the inductor, through the MOSFET
and finally to the ground.
 As mentioned earlier the inductor does not allow sudden changes in the current, meaning
when the MOSFET is ON inductor won’t allow full current from the input to pass
through the MOSFET and to the GND, instead the current will rise slowly in micro-
second time frame.
 The slow rise in the current is due to the inductor converting the current in to magnetic
field around it. Once the magnetic is fully built around it there will be no opposing in the
current flow (the MOSFET will be turned OFF before the inductor fully built its magnetic
field, because it will cause short circuit).
 When the inductor has built sufficient magnetic field around it in the above shown
electrical polarity the MOSFET will be turned OFF. Let’s continue understand what
happens when MOSFET is turned OFF.

MOSFET OFF:

The equivalent circuit when the MOSFET is turned OFF is shown below:

 When the MOSFET is turned OFF fully, the inductor can no longer support its magnetic
field around it, so it collapses on the inductor itself and act as a DC generator in the
above shown electrical polarity (which is opposite to what the input supply built its
magnetic field).
 Now if you take a look at the above circuit, you will observe that the generated voltage
across the inductor is in series with the input voltage, these two voltages add-up like
when two cells connected in series, now the output will be sum of the two voltages.

 This higher voltage is passed through a diode and charges an electrolytic capacitor. The
diode prevents the charge flowing backward and ensures the stored charge is passed to a
load connect at the output.
 The MOSFET is turned ON again before the capacitor loses any significant amount of
charge to maintain a steady voltage across output.

FULL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF BOOST CONVERTER:

NOTE: The absolute maximum input voltage is 15V above which MOSFET / IC 555 may get damaged.
 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:

The above circuit can be constructed using commonly available active and passive
components. The above circuit consists of two stages: the oscillator and boosting stage
let’s explore them in detail.

IC 555 oscillator:

The evergreen IC 555 is configured in astable multivibrator mode, which oscillates at

around 30 KHz with the help of RC components connect around it.

To control the output voltage we need to control IC 555’s duty cycle, to accomplish this
two fast switching diodes 1N4148 are connected anti-parallel between pin #7 and a 47K
potentiometer, by rotating the potentiometer clock and anti-clockwise we can adjust its
duty cycle and so does boost converter’s output voltage.

Role of 4.7K at the output of potentiometer:

A 4.7K resistor is connect to 47K potentiometer’s output terminal to limit the IC 555’s
duty cycle to 90%, this is very important because if a user rotates the knob fully, the
output will get saturated i.e. 100% duty cycle.
At 100% duty-cycle the MOSFET is ON continuously and creates full short circuit
via inductor.

We also found using simulation that approximately above 90% duty-cycle the output
voltage did not raise but reduced significantly, this could be because the MOSFET is ON
for too long and not enough time for the inductor’s magnetic field to collapse and
generate a voltage across it.

Booster stage:

The booster stage is exactly same as the general boost converter circuit that was shown
earlier in this post, now we have to give a fixed value to each of the component.
MOSFET:

The recommended MOSFET for this boost converter is IRLZ44N (not to be confused
with IRFZ44N), IRLZ44N is a logic level MOSFET which can fully turn ON at 5V
(Vgs), we need such lower GATE voltage because as a boost converter circuit we’ll be
applying a lower voltage like 5V/6V to extract a higher voltage from it, at these lower
voltages other general purpose MOSFET won’t fully turn ON.

In case, IRLZ44N MOSFET can be substituted with IRFZ44N MOSFET,the circuit still
works, but there will some efficiency losses.

Diode:

The booster circuit has a schottky diode which prevents the charge stored in capacitor
flowing back to inductor and ensures the boosted voltage passes to electrolytic capacitor
and load.

The recommended diode is 1N5822 which is a fast switching schottky diode designed to
operate at higher frequencies like this and also it has a lower forward drop voltage which
contributes to greater efficiency.

You can also use a silicon diode 1N4007 in case you don’t have a schottky diode, but
there will be efficiency losses.

Capacitor:

We are using a standard electrolytic capacitor with voltage rating of at-least 50V; this is
because the proposed boost converter circuit at no load condition can shoot well above a
pre-set voltage and the capacitor needs to withstand it.
 BOOST CONVERTER SIMULATION:

Circuit diagram on Proteus simulation software:

Duty cycle on virtual oscilloscope:

 OPERATION OF BOOST CONVERTER PRACTICALLY:

The proposed boost converter can not only built on simulation software but also can be
built practically. If you are building this boost converter, here are the correct ways to
operate this circuit:

 Initially keep the potentiometer’s knob at minimum.

 Connect the load at its output and connect a DC voltmeter across the load.
 Now power ON the boost converter circuit.
 Gently rotate the potentiometer to increase the voltage, once the desire voltage is
reached stop rising further.
 When you turn ON the circuit next time with the same load, the circuit will output
the same voltage as you set previously.
 The boost converter should be turned ON only after the load is connected at its
output first, this is because at no load the output voltage shoots up a lot and
connecting a load now may damage it.
 This boost converter is best for fixed loads, meaning the load’s power
consumption stays steady always.
 APPLICATIONS OF BOOST CONVERTER

 Battery power systems often stack cells in series to achieve higher voltage. However,
sufficient stacking of cells is not possible in many high voltage applications due to lack of
space. Boost converters can increase the voltage and reduce the number of cells.

 In HEV (Hybrid Electrical Vehicles) : A NHW20 model Toyota Prius HEV uses a 500 V motor.
Without a boost converter, the Prius would need nearly 417 cells to power the motor.
However, a Prius actually uses only 168 cells and boosts the battery voltage from 202 V to
500 V.

 Boost converters also power devices at smaller scale applications, such as portable lighting
systems. A white LED typically requires 3.3 V to emit light, and a boost converter can step up
the voltage from a single 1.5 V alkaline cell to power the lamp.
 CONCLUSION

We have successfully tested the Boost Converter Circuit using IC 555 using Proteus
simulator.

REFERENCE

https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://electronics-project-hub.com/