Python Interview Questions

A rundown of habitually asked Python interview inquiries with responds to for freshers and
experienced are given underneath.

1) What is Python?

Python was made by Guido van Rossum and delivered in 1991.

It is a programming language for computers of all kinds. It is an object-oriented high-level

language that works equally well on Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Macintosh. its built-in high-level
data structures, as well as dynamic binding and typing. It is generally utilized in information
science, AI and man-made consciousness area.

It requires less code to develop applications and is simple to learn.

It is used extensively for:

development of the web (server-side).

Software creation.

Mathematics.

Scripting the system.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 2) Why Python?

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language that is object-oriented and has

dynamic semantics.

Python works with Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, and other platforms.

Python has a straightforward punctuation when contrasted with different dialects.

Compared to other programming languages, Python lets developers write programs with
fewer lines.

Because Python runs on an interpreter system, the code can be run right after it is
written. Providing a prototype quickly is helpful.

Python can be depicted as a procedural way, an item orientated way or a utilitarian way.

For all of the major platforms, the Python interpreter and the extensive standard library
are free to distribute in binary or source form.

3) What kinds of applications can Python be used for?

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Python is utilized in several software domains, some of which are listed below.

Games for the web and the internet Development of scientific and computational
applications Language development

Applications for image processing and graphic design Development of enterprise and
business applications

Development of operating systems graphical user interface (GUI) based desktop

applications.

Development of web applications Django, Pyramid, and Flask are the most well-known
Python web frameworks.

Processing e-mail, FTP, IMAP, and other Internet protocols are supported by Python's
standard library.

SciPy and NumPy, two Python modules, aid in the creation of scientific and
computational applications.

Python's Tkinter library supports to make a work area based GUI applications.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 4) What are the advantages of Python?

Advantages of Python are:

Python is Interpreted language

Interpreted: Python is an interpreted language. It does not require prior compilation of code
and executes instructions directly.

It is Free and open source

Free and open source: It is an open-source project which is publicly available to reuse. It can be
downloaded free of cost.

It is Extensible

Extensible: It is very flexible and extensible with any module.

Object-oriented

Object-oriented: Python allows to implement the Object-Oriented concepts to build application

solution.

It has Built-in data structure

Built-in data structure: Tuple, List, and Dictionary are useful integrated data structures provided
by the language.

Readability

High-Level Language

Cross-platform

Portable: Python programs can run on cross platforms without affecting its performance.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 5) What is PEP 8?

The Python Enhancement Proposal, also known as PEP 8, is a document that provides
instructions on how to write Python code. In essence, it is a set of guidelines for formatting
Python code for maximum readability. Guido van Rossum, Barry Warsaw, and Nick Coghlan
wrote it in 2001.

6) What do you mean by Python literals?

Literals can be defined as a data which is given in a variable or constant. Python supports the
following literals:

String Literals

Text can be enclosed in either single or double quotes to create string literals. String literals, for
instance, are values for strings.

Example:

# in single quotes

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 single = 'JavaTpoint'
# in double quotes
double = "JavaTpoint"
# multi-line String
multi = '''''Java
T
point'''

print(single)
print(double)
print(multi)

Output:

JavaTpoint
JavaTpoint
Java
T
point

Numeric Literals

Python supports three types of numeric literals integer, float and complex.

Example:

# Integer literal
a = 10
#Float Literal
b = 12.3
#Complex Literal
x = 3.14j
print(a)
print(b)
print(x)

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Output:

10
12.3
3.14j

Boolean Literals

Boolean literals are used to denote Boolean values. It contains either True or False.

Example:

p = (1 == True)
q = (1 == False)
r = True + 3
s = False + 7

print("p is", p)
print("q is", q)
print("r:", r)
print("s:", s)

Output:

p is True
q is False
r: 4
s: 7

Special literals

Python contains one unique exacting, or at least, 'None'. This exceptional strict is utilized for
characterizing an invalid variable. In the event that 'None' is contrasted and whatever else other
than a 'None', it will get back to false.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Example:

word = None
print(word)

Output:

None

7) Describe the Python Functions?

A function is a piece of code that is only written once and can be executed whenever the
program calls for it. A function is a self-contained block of statements with a valid name, list of
parameters, and body. Capabilities make programming more practical and particular to
perform measured assignments. There are a number of built-in functions for completing tasks
in Python, and the user can also create new functions.

Functions fall into three categories:

Built-In Functions: duplicate(), len(), count() are the a few implicit capabilities.

User-defined Functions: User-defined functions are functions that are defined by a user.

Anonymous functions: Because they are not declared using the standard def keyword, these
functions are also referred to as lambda functions.

Example: A general syntax of user defined function is given below.

def function_name(parameters list):

#--- statements---
return a_value

8) What is zip() capability in Python?

The zip() function in Python returns a zip object that maps an identical index across multiple
containers. It takes an iterable, transforms it into an iterator, and then uses the passed

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 iterables to combine the elements. It returns a tuple iterator.

Signature zip(iterator1, iterator2, iterator3, etc.) Parameters iterator1, iterator2, and iterator3:
These are joined-together iterator objects.

Return It returns a iterator that is the product of two or more iterators.

Note: When the first list ends, zip stops making tuples if
the given lists have different lengths. This indicates that
two lists have three lengths, and a triple of five lengths
will result.

9) What is Python's paramter passing system?

In Python, there are two mechanisms for passing parameters:

Pass by references

Pass by value

By default, all arguments (parameters) are passed to the functions "by reference." In this
manner, in the event that you change the worth of the boundary inside a capability, the change
is reflected in the calling capability too. It shows the first factor. For instance, if a variable is
passed to a function with the declaration "a = 10" and its value is changed to "a = 20," The same
value is represented by both variables.

The pass by esteem is that at whatever point we pass the contentions to the capability just
qualities pass to the capability, no reference passes to the capability. It makes it unchangeable,
or immutable. The original value of either variable remains the same despite being modified in
the function.

Python has a default contention idea which assists with calling a technique utilizing an erratic
number of contentions.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 10) In Python, how do you overload methods or constructors?

The constructor of Python: _ A class's init__ () method is the first one. Python automatically
calls __init__() to initialize object members whenever we attempt to instantiate an object. In
Python, we can't overload constructors or methods. If we attempt to overload, it displays an
error.

Example:

class student:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __init__(self, name, email):
self.name = name
self.email = email

# This line will generate an error

#st = student("rahul")

# This line will call the second constructor

st = student("rahul", "[email protected]")
print("Name: ", st.name)
print("Email id: ", st.email)

Output:

Name: rahul
Email id: [email protected]

11) What is the difference between remove() function and del

statement?

The user can use the remove() function to delete a specific object in the list.

Example:

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 list_1 = [ 3, 5, 7, 3, 9, 3 ]
print(list_1)
list_1.remove(3)
print("After removal: ", list_1)

Output:

[3, 5, 7, 3, 9, 3]
After removal: [5, 7, 3, 9, 3]

If you want to delete an object at a specific location (index) in the list, you can either use del or
pop.

Example:

list_1 = [ 3, 5, 7, 3, 9, 3 ]
print(list_1)
del list_1[2]
print("After deleting: ", list_1)

Output:

[3, 5, 7, 3, 9, 3]
After deleting: [3, 5, 3, 9, 3]

Note: You don't need to import any extra module to use

these functions for removing an element from the list.

We cannot use these methods with a tuple because the tuple is different from the list.

12) What is swapcase() function in the Python?

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 The function of a string is to change all uppercase characters into lowercase ones and vice
versa. Modifying the current instance of the string is utilized. All the characters in the swap
case are copied in this method's string. A small case string is produced when the string is in
lowercase, and vice versa. It automatically disregards all characters that are not alphabetical.
See an example below:

Example:

string = "IT IS IN LOWERCASE."

print(string.swapcase())

string = "it is in uppercase."

print(string.swapcase())

Output:

it is in lowercase.
IT IS IN UPPERCASE.

13) How to remove whitespaces from a string in Python?

To eliminate the whitespaces and following spaces from the string, Python provides strip([str])
worked in capability. After removing any whitespaces that may be present, this function returns
a copy of the string. If not, returns the original string.

Example:

string = " javatpoint "

string2 = " javatpoint "
string3 = " javatpoint"
print(string)
print(string2)
print(string3)
print("After stripping all have placed in a sequence:")
print(string.strip())

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 print(string2.strip())
print(string3.strip())

Output:

javatpoint
javatpoint
javatpoint
After stripping all have placed in a sequence:
Javatpoint
javatpoint
javatpoint

14) How to remove leading whitespaces from a string in the Python?

We can make use of the lstrip() function to get rid of leading characters from a string. It is a
Python string function with an optional parameter of the char type. In the event that a boundary
is given, it eliminates the person. Otherwise, it strips the string of all leading spaces.

Example:

string = " javatpoint "

string2 = " javatpoint "
print(string)
print(string2)
print("After stripping all leading whitespaces:")
print(string.lstrip())
print(string2.lstrip())

Output:

javatpoint
javatpoint
After stripping all leading whitespaces:

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 javatpoint
javatpoint

After stripping, all the whitespaces are removed, and now the string looks like the below:

15) Why do we use join() function in Python?

The join() is defined as a string method which returns a string value. It is concatenated with the
elements of an iterable. It provides a flexible way to concatenate the strings. See an example
below.

Example:

str = "Rohan"
str2 = "ab"
# Calling function
str2 = str.join(str2)
# Displaying result
print(str2)

Output:

aRohanb

16) Give an example of shuffle() method?

The given string or array is shuffled using this technique. The items in the array become
random as a result. The random module includes this method. Therefore, we must import it
before calling the function. It rearranges components each time when the capability calls and
creates different result.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Example:

# import the random module

import random
# declare a list
sample_list1 = ['Z', 'Y', 'X', 'W', 'V', 'U']
print("Original LIST1: ")
print(sample_list1)
# first shuffle
random.shuffle(sample_list1)
print("\nAfter the first shuffle of LIST1: ")
print(sample_list1)
# second shuffle
random.shuffle(sample_list1)
print("\nAfter the second shuffle of LIST1: ")
print(sample_list1)

Output:

Original LIST1:
['Z', 'Y', 'X', 'W', 'V', 'U']

After the first shuffle of LIST1:

['V', 'U', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z']

After the second shuffle of LIST1:

['Z', 'Y', 'X', 'U', 'V', 'W']

17) What is the use of break statement?

The break statement is utilized to end the execution of the ongoing loop. Break always
terminates the current execution and transfers control to a block outside of it. If the break is in
a nested loop, it exits from the innermost loop. If the block is in a loop, it exits from the loop.

Example:

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 list_1 = ['X', 'Y', 'Z']
list_2 = [11, 22, 33]
for i in list_1:
for j in list_2:
print(i, j)
if i == 'Y' and j == 33:
print('BREAK')
break
else:
continue
break

Output:

2
X 11
X 22
X 33
Y 11
Y 22
Y 33
BREAK

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Python Break statement flowchart.

18) What is tuple in Python?

A built-in type of data collection is the tuple. It permits us to store values in a grouping.
Because it cannot be changed, the original data do not reflect any changes. A tuple is created
with () brackets rather than [] square brackets. We are unable to remove any element, but we
can locate it in the tuple. Indexing allows us to obtain elements. It likewise permits navigating
components in switch request by utilizing negative ordering. There are a variety of Tuple
methods, including Len(), max(), sum(), and sorted().

To create a tuple, we can declare it as below.

Example:

# Declaring tuple

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 tup = (2,4,6,8)
# Displaying value
print(tup)

# Displaying Single value

print(tup[2])

Output:

(2, 4, 6, 8)
6

It is immutable. So updating tuple will lead to an error.

Example:

# Declaring tuple
tup = (2,4,6,8)
# Displaying value
print(tup)

# Displaying Single value

print(tup[2])

# Updating by assigning new value

tup[2]=22
# Displaying Single value
print(tup[2])

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Output:

tup[2]=22
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
(2, 4, 6, 8)

19) Which are the file related libraries/modules in Python?

You can manipulate binary and text files on the file system with the help of Python's libraries
and modules. It makes it easier to create, edit, copy, and delete files.

The libraries are os, os.path, and shutil. Here, os and os.path - modules include a function for
accessing the filesystem, while shutil - module enables you to copy and delete the files.

20) What are the different file processing modes supported by Python?

There are four ways to open files in Python. The read-write (rw), write-only (w), append (a), and
read-only (r) modes. 'r' is used to open a file in read-only mode; 'w' is used to open a file in
write-only mode; 'rw' is used to open in both read-only and write-only modes; and 'a' is used to
open a file in append mode. In the event that the mode isn't determined, of course document
opens in read-just mode.

Read-only (r) mode: Read a file by opening it. It's the default setting.

Only write mode (w): Open a document for composing. On the off chance that the record
contains information, information would be lost. A brand-new file is also created.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Read-Write (rw) mode: In write mode, open a file for reading. It implies refreshing mode.

Addition mode (a): If the file exists, open it for writing and append it to the end.

21) What is an operator in Python?

An operator is a specific symbol that is applied to some values and results in an output.
Operands are the work of an operator. Operands are literals or variables with numbers that
have some values. Administrators can be unary, double, or ternary. A ternary operator, a binary
operator, a ternary operator, and a unary operator are all examples of operators that require
three or more operands, respectively.

Example:

# Unary Operator
A = 12
B = -(A)
print (B)
# Binary Operator
A = 12
B = 13
print (A + B)
print (B * A)
#Ternary Operator
A = 12
B = 13
min = A if A < B else B

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 print(min)

Output:

# Unary Operator
-12
# Binary Operator
25
156
# Ternary Operator
12

22) What are the different types of operators in Python?

Numerous operations can be carried out with Python's extensive set of operators. A few
individual administrators like membership and identity operators are not all that recognizable
yet permit to perform operations.

Arithmetic OperatorsRelational Operators

Assignment Operators

Logical Operators

Membership Operators

Identity Operators

Bitwise Operators

Python Operator Interview Questions

Arithmetic operators perform basic arithmetic operations. For example "+" is used to add and
"?" is used for subtraction.

Example:

# Adding two values

print(12+23)

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 # Subtracting two values
print(12-23)
# Multiplying two values
print(12*23)
# Dividing two values
print(12/23)

Output:

35
-11
276
0.5217391304347826

Relational Operators are used to comparing the values. These operators test the conditions
and then returns a boolean value either True or False.

# Examples of Relational Operators

Example:

a, b = 10, 12
print(a==b) # False
print(a<b) # True
print(a<=b) # True
print(a!=b) # True

Output:

False
True
True
True

Assignment operators are used to assigning values to the variables. See the examples below.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Example:

# Examples of Assignment operators

a=12
print(a) # 12
a += 2
print(a) # 14
a -= 2
print(a) # 12
a *=2
print(a) # 24
a **=2
print(a) # 576

Output:

12
14
12
24
576

Logical operators are used to performing logical operations like And, Or, and Not. See the
example below.

Example:

# Logical operator examples

a = True
b = False
print(a and b) # False
print(a or b) # True
print(not b) # True

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Output:

False
True
True

Participation administrators are accustomed to checking whether a component is an individual

from the grouping (list, word reference, tuples) or not. To verify an element's presence, Python
employs the in and not in operators, two membership operators. See a example:

Example:

# Membership operators examples

list = [2,4,6,7,3,4]
print(5 in list) # False
cities = ("india","delhi")
print("tokyo" not in cities) #True

Output:

False
True

Both the (is and is not) identity operators are used to check two values or variables that are in
the same memory area. Two factors that are equivalent doesn't infer that they are
indistinguishable. Check out the examples below.

Example:

# Identity operator example

a = 10
b = 12
print(a is b) # False
print(a is not b) # True

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Output:

False
True

Bitwise Operators are used to performing operations over the bits. The binary operators (&, |,
OR) work on bits. See the example below.

Example:

# Identity operator example

a = 10
b = 12
print(a & b) # 8
print(a | b) # 14
print(a ^ b) # 6
print(~a) # -11

Output:

8
14
6
-11

23) How to create a Unicode string in Python?

In Python 3, the old Unicode type has replaced by "str" type, and the string is treated as Unicode
of course. Using the art.title.encode("utf-8") function, we can create a Unicode string.

Example:

unicode_1 = ("\u0123", "\u2665", "\U0001f638", "\u265E", "\

print (unicode_1)

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Output:

unicode_1: ('ģ', '♥', '😸', '♞', '♟', 'Ⅸ')

24) is Python interpreted language?

Python is a language that is interpreted. From the source code, the Python program runs
directly. It turns the source code into intermediate language code, which is then again
translated into machine language that needs to be run.

Python does not require compilation before running, unlike Java and C.

25) How is memory managed in Python?

Memory is managed in Python in the following ways:

Private heap space in Python handles memory management. All Python items and information
structures are situated in a confidential stack. The developer doesn't approach this private
load. This is handled by the Python interpreter instead.

The memory manager in Python is responsible for allocating heap space to Python objects.
The core API grants the programmer access to some coding tools.

Additionally, Python has a built-in garbage collector that recycles all unused memory and
makes it available to the heap space.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 26) What is the Python decorator?

Decorators are a useful Python tool that allows programmers to add functionality to existing
code. They are very powerful. Because a component of the program attempts to modify
another component at compile time, this is also known as metaprogramming. It permits the
client to wrap one more capability to expand the way of behaving of the wrapped capability,
without forever changing it.

Example:

def function_is_called():
def function_is_returned():
print("JavaTpoint")
return function_is_returned
new_1 = function_is_called()
# Outputs "JavaTpoint"
new_1()

Output:

JavaTpoint

Functions vs. Decorators

A function is a block of code that performs a specific task whereas a decorator is a function
that modifies other functions.

27) What are the rules for a local and global variable in Python?

Global Variables:

Variables declared outside a function or in global space are called global variables.

We must explicitly declare a variable as "global" whenever a new value is given to it within the
function because it is implicitly local. The global keyword must be used to declare a variable in
order to make it global.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Any function can access and alter the value of global variables, which are accessible anywhere
in the program.

Example:

A = "JavaTpoint"
def my_function():
print(A)
my_function()

Output:

JavaTpoint

Local Variables:

A local variable is any variable declared within a function. The local space, not the global
space, contains this variable.

In the event that a variable is relegated another worth anyplace inside the capability's body,
being a local is expected.

Only the local body can access local variables.

Example:

def my_function2():
K = "JavaTpoint Local"
print(K)
my_function2()

Output:

JavaTpoint Local

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 28) What is the namespace in Python?

The namespace is a fundamental concept for organizing and structuring code that is more
useful in large projects. However, if you're new to programming, it might be a little hard to
understand. Subsequently, we attempted to make namespaces somewhat more obvious.

A namespace is characterized as a basic framework to control the names in a program. It

ensures that there will be no conflict and that each name will be unique.

Additionally, Python executes namespaces as word references and keeps up with name-to-
protest planning where names go about as keys and the articles as values.

29) What are iterators in Python?

Iterating a collection of elements, similar to a list, in Python is accomplished with iterators.

Iterators can be lists, tuples, or dictionaries-the collection of items. To iterate over the stored
elements, Python iterator uses the __itr__ and next() methods. In Python, we for the most part
use circles to emphasize over the assortments (list, tuple).

Simply stated: Iterators are objects which can be crossed however or iterated upon.

30) What is a generator in Python?

In Python, the generator is a way that determines how to execute iterators. Except for the fact
that it produces expression in the function, it is a normal function. It eliminates the __itr__ and
next() methods and reduces additional overheads.

On the off chance that a capability contains essentially a yield explanation, it turns into a
generator. By saving its states, the yield keyword pauses the current execution and allows it to
be resumed whenever necessary.

31) What is slicing in Python?

Slicing is a system used to choose a scope of things from succession type like rundown, tuple,
and string. Getting components from a reach by utilizing slice way is valuable and simple. It
requires a : ( colon) what isolates the beginning and end record of the field. Slicing is
supported by all data collection types, including List and tuples. Using slicing, we can get a
group of elements, whereas by specifying an index, we can only get one element.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Example:

Q = "JavaTpoint, Python Interview Questions!"

print(Q[2:25])

Output:

vaTpoint, Python Interv

32) What is a dictionary in Python?

A built-in data type is the Python dictionary. A one-to-one relationship between keys and values
is established by this. A pair of keys and their values are contained in dictionaries. It stores
components in key and worth matches. Values can be duplicated, whereas keys are unique.
The dictionary elements are accessed by the key.

Keys index dictionaries.

Example:

The following example contains some keys Country Hero & Cartoon. Their corresponding
values are India, Modi, and Rahul respectively.

dict = {'Country': 'India', 'Hero': 'Modi', 'Cartoon': 'Rahul'}

print ("Country: ", dict['Country'])
print ("Hero: ", dict['Hero'])
print ("Cartoon: ", dict['Cartoon'])

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Output:

Country: India
Hero: Modi
Cartoon: Rahul

33) What is Pass in Python?

Pass specifies an operation-free Python statement. It is in a compound statement as a

placeholder. To make a vacant class or works, the pass catchphrase assists with passing the
control without error.

Example:

class Student:
pass # Passing class
class Student:
def info():
pass # Passing function

34) Explain docstring in Python?

The first statement in a module, function, class, or method definition is the Python docstring, a
string literal. It makes it easier to link the documents together.

"Attribute docstrings" are string literals that occur immediately after a straightforward
assignment at the top.

"Additional docstrings" are string literals that occur immediately after another docstring.

Despite fitting on a single line, docstrings are created by Python using triple quotes.

The phrase in docstring ends with a period (.) and may include several lines. It may include
special characters like spaces.

Example:

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 # One-line docstrings
def hello():
"""A function to greet."""
return "hello"

35) What is a negative index in Python and why are they used?

Python's sequences are indexed and contain both positive and negative numbers. The numbers
that are positive purposes '0' that is utilizes as first record and '1' as the subsequent file and
the cycle go on that way.

The negative number's index begins with '-1,' which denotes the sequence's final index, and
ends with '-2,' which denotes the sequence's penultimate index.

The negative index is used to get rid of any new-line spaces in a string and make it possible for
the string to contain all but the last character, S[:-1]. The negative index is also used to show
the correct order in which the index represents the string.

36) What is pickling and unpickling in Python?

A module known as the Python pickle is one that transforms any Python object into a string
representation. Utilizing the dump function, it copies the Python object to a file; this cycle is
called Pickling.

Unpickling is the procedure of obtaining the original Python objects from the stored string
representation.

37) Which programming language is a good choice between Java and

Python?

Java and Python both are object-oriented programming languages. Let's compare both on
some criteria given below:

Criteria Java Python

Ease of use Good Very

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Good

Coding Speed Average Excellent

Data types Static Dynamic

type type

Data Science and Machine Average Very

learning application Good

38) What is the usage of help() and dir() function in Python?

Help() and dir() the two capabilities are open from the Python mediator and utilized for review
a united dump of implicit capabilities.

Function "help()": The help() function enables us to view module, keyword, and attribute-related
help in addition to displaying the documentation string.

The Dir() method: The defined symbols are displayed using the dir() function.

39) What are the differences between Python 2.x and Python 3.x?

Python 2.x is a previous version. Python 3.x is the most recent release. Python 2.x is
inheritance now. This language is both now and in the future Python 3.x.

The most noticeable contrast somewhere in the range of Python2 and Python3 is on paper
explanation (capability). It looks like print "Hello" in Python 2, and it looks like print ("Hello") in
Python 3.

String in Python2 is ASCII verifiably, and in Python3 it is Unicode.

The xrange() technique has eliminated from Python 3 variant. Error handling introduces a
brand-new keyword.

40) How Python does Compile-time and Run-time code checking?

The majority of the checking for things like type, name, and so on is done at compile time in
Python. are deferred until code execution. As a result, the Python code will compile

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 successfully if it refers to a user-defined function that does not exist. With one exception, the
Python code will fail when the execution path is missing.

41) What is the shortest method to open a text file and display its
content?

The shortest way to open a text file is by using "with" command in the following manner:

Example:

with open("FILE NAME", "r") as fp:

fileData = fp.read()
# To print the contents of the file
print(fileData)

Output:

"The data of the file will be printed."

42) What is the usage of enumerate () function in Python?

The enumerate() function is used to iterate through the sequence and retrieve the index
position and its corresponding value at the same time.

Example:

list_1 = ["A","B","C"]
s_1 = "Javatpoint"
# creating enumerate objects
object_1 = enumerate(list_1)
object_2 = enumerate(s_1)

print ("Return type:",type(object_1))

print (list(enumerate(list_1)))
print (list(enumerate(s_1)))

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Output:

Return type:
[(0, 'A'), (1, 'B'), (2, 'C')]
[(0, 'J'), (1, 'a'), (2, 'v'), (3, 'a'), (4, 't'), (5, 'p'), (6, 'o'),

43) Give the output of this example: A[3] if A=[1,4,6,7,9,66,4,94].

Since indexing starts from zero, an element present at 3rd index is 7. So, the output is 7.

44) What is type conversion in Python?

Type conversion refers to the conversion of one data type iinto another.

int() - converts any data type into integer type

float() - converts any data type into float type

ord() - converts characters into integer

hex() - converts integers to hexadecimal

oct() - converts integer to octal

tuple() - This function is used to convert to a tuple.

set() - This function returns the type after converting to set.

list() - This function is used to convert any data type to a list type.

dict() - This function is used to convert a tuple of order (key,value) into a dictionary.

str() - Used to convert integer into a string.

complex(real,imag) - This functionconverts real numbers to complex(real,imag) number.

45) How to send an email in Python Language?

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Python has the smtplib and email modules for sending emails. Import these modules into the
made mail script and send letters by confirming a client.

It has a strategy SMTP(smtp-server, port). It requires two boundaries to lay out SMTP
connection.

A simple example to send an email is given below.

Example:

import smtplib
# Calling SMTP
s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)
# TLS for network security
s.starttls()
# User email Authentication
s.login("sender@email_id", "sender_email_id_password")

# Message to be sent
message = "Message_sender_need_to_send"
# Sending the mail
s.sendmail("sender@email_id ", "receiver@email_id", messa

46) What is the difference between Python Arrays and lists?

In Python, lists and arrays both store data in the same way. However, lists can hold any data
type of elements, whereas arrays can only hold one data type of elements.

Example:

import array as arr

User_Array = arr.array('i', [1,2,3,4])
User_list = [1, 'abc', 1.20]
print (User_Array)
print (User_list)

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Output:

array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4])

[1, 'abc', 1.2]

47) What is lambda function in Python?

The anonymous capability in python is a capability that is characterized without a name. The
ordinary capabilities are characterized utilizing a catchphrase "def", though, the mysterious
capabilities are characterized utilizing the lambda capability. Lambda functions are another
name for anonymous functions

48) Why do lambda forms in Python not have the statements?

Since the statement is used to create the new function object and return it at runtime, lambda
forms in Python do not include it.

49) What are functions in Python?

A function is a piece of code that only runs when called. The def keyword is utilized when
defining a Python function.

Example:

def New_func():
print ("Hi, Welcome to JavaTpoint")
New_func() #calling the function

Output:

Hi, Welcome to JavaTpoint

50) What is __init__?

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 The __init__ is a method or constructor in Python. This method is automatically called to
allocate memory when a new object/ instance of a class is created. All classes have the
__init__ method.

Example:

class Employee_1:
def __init__(self, name, age,salary):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.salary = 20000
E_1 = Employee_1("pqr", 20, 25000)
# E1 is the instance of class Employee.
#__init__ allocates memory for E1.
print(E_1.name)
print(E_1.age)
print(E_1.salary)

Output:

pqr
20
25000

51) What is self in Python?

Self is a class's instance or object. This is explicitly set as the first parameter in Python. Be that
as it may, this isn't true in Java where it's discretionary. It assists with separating between the
techniques and properties of a class with neighborhood factors.

The newly created object is referred to as the self-variable in the init method, whereas the
object whose method was called is referred to in other methods.

52) In Python, how can you generate random numbers?

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Irregular module is the standard module that is utilized to create an irregular number. The term
"method" refers to:

import random
random.random

The statement random.random() strategy return the drifting point number that is in the scope
of [0, 1). Float numbers are generated at random by the function. The bound methods of the
hidden instances are the ones that are utilized with the random class. The Random instances
can be used to demonstrate multi-threading applications that generate distinct thread
instances. The following are additional random generators utilized in this:

range (a, b): it picks a number and characterize the in the middle between [a, b). It returns the
components by choosing it arbitrarily from the reach that is determined. It does not create an
object of range.

uniform, a and b: It selects a floating-point number from the [a,b] range and returns the
following floating-point number: normalvariate(mean, sdev) It is utilized in the normal
distribution, where the mu represents the mean and the sdev represents the standard
deviation.

Multiple independent random number generators are created by the Random class, which is
used and instantiated.

53) What is PYTHONPATH?

PYTHONPATH is a enviroment variable which is utilized when a module is imported.

PYTHONPATH is also looked up whenever a module is imported to see if the imported
modules are in different directories. It is used by the interpreter to choose which module to
load.

54) What are modules in Python? Name a few regularly utilized worked
in modules in Python?

Modules in Python are files that contain Python code. This code can either be capabilities
classes or factors. A Python module is a.py file with code that can be run.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Some of the commonly used built-in modules are:

os

sys

math

random

data time

JSON

55) What is the difference between range & xrange?

In most respects, the functionality of xrange and range is identical. You can use them both to
generate a list of integers in any way you like. The main distinction is that reach returns a
Python list item and x reach returns a xrange object.

This indicates that unlike range, xrange does not actually produce a static list at runtime. It
makes the qualities as you want them with a unique strategy called yielding. Generators are a
type of object that can benefit from this approach. This indicates that the function to use is
xrange if you want to create a list for a really large range, such as one billion.

This is especially true when working with a memory-sensitive system like a mobile phone
because range will use as much memory as it can to create your integer array, which could
cause a Memory Error and cause your program to crash. It's a beast that needs memories.

56) What benefits do NumPy exhibits offer over (nested) Python

records?

Lists in Python work well as general-purpose containers. Due to Python's list comprehensions,
they are simple to construct and manipulate, and they support insertion, deletion, appending,
and concatenation in a fairly efficient manner.

They are constrained in a few ways: Because they can contain objects of different types,
Python must store type information for each element and execute type dispatching code when
operating on each element because they do not support "vectorized" operations like addition
and multiplication by elements.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Not only is NumPy more effective, it is additionally more helpful. Numerous free vector and
matrix operations enable us to sometimes avoid unnecessary work. Additionally, they are
effectively implemented.

NumPy cluster is quicker and we get a ton worked in with NumPy, FFTs, convolutions, quick
looking, essential measurements, straight polynomial math, histograms, and so on.

57) Mention what the Django templates consist of.

A simple text file serves as the template. Any text-based format, including XML, CSV, and
HTML, can be created by it. A layout contains factors that get supplanted with values when the
format is assessed and labels (% tag %) that control the rationale of the layout.

58) Explain the use of session in Django framework?

Django gives a meeting that allows the client to store and recover information on a for each
site-guest premise. By placing a session ID cookie on the client side and storing all relevant
data on the server side, Django abstracts the sending and receiving of cookies.

So, the data itself is not stored client side. This is good from a security perspective.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Interview based Multiple Choice Questions on Python

1) Which of the accompanying Statements is/are Valid in regard of the Python programming
language?

Statement 1: Python is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted programming language.

Statement 2: For rapid application development and deployment, Python offers dynamic
binding and typing in addition to high-level data structures.

Statement 3: Python is a programming language with statically typed code.

Options:

a. Only Statement 1

b. Statement 1 and 2

c. Statement 1 and 3

d. All Statements are Correct

Show Answer Workspace

2) What is the full form of PEP?

Options:

a. Python Enhancement Proposal

b. Python Enchantment Proposal

c. Programming Enhancement Proposition

d. Python Enrichment Program

Show Answer Workspace

3) Which of the accompanying Statements is/are NOT right in regard to Memory The executives in
Python?

First Statement: Python's memory management is handled by Python Memory Manager.

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 2nd Statement: As the garbage collection method for Python, the CMS (Concurrent Mark
Sweep) approach is utilized.

Statement 3: In order to recycle the free memory for the private heap space, Python provides a
core garbage collection feature.

Options:

a. Only Statement 3

b. Statement 1 and 3

c. Statement 2 and 3

d. Only Statement 2

Show Answer Workspace

4) Which of the following statements about Python namespaces is true or false?

First statement: Python carries out the namespace as Exhibit.

2nd Statement: There are three types of Python namespaces: local, global, and built-in.

Statement 3: A Python namespace guarantees that each object's name is unique and can be
used without being inconsistent.

Options:

a. Only Statement 1

b. Only Statement 3

c. Statement 1 and 2

d. Statement 1 and 3

Show Answer Workspace

5) Which of the following is invalid in terms of Variable Names?

Options:

a. _mystr = "Hello World!"

b. __mystr = "Hello World!"

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 c. __mystr__ = "Hello World!"

d. None of the mentioned

Show Answer Workspace

6) In respect to the scope in Python, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Statement 1: A variable created within a function belongs to the local scope and can be used
outside that function.

Statement 2: A local scope is referred to the object present through the execution of code
since its inception.

Statement 3: A local scope is referred to the local object present in the current function.

Options:

a. Only Statement 2

b. Statement 1 and 3

c. Only Statement 3

d. All Statements are True

Show Answer Workspace

7) What will the following snippet of code print?

Code:

# assigning a variable
myint = 10

# defining a function
def myfunction():
# reassigning a variable
myint = 20

# calling the function

myfunction()

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 # printing the value of the variable
print(myint)

Options:

a. 10

b. 20

c. 0

d. Traceback Error

Show Answer Workspace

8) What will the following snippet of code yield?

Code:

# assigning a variable
myint = 21

# using if False statement

if False:
# reassigning a variable
myint = 34

# defining a function
def myfunction():
if True:
# reassigning a variable
myint = 65

# calling the function

myfunction()

# printing the value of the variable

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 print(myint)

Options:

a. 65

b. Traceback Error

c. 21

d. 34

Show Answer Workspace

9) Among the following statements based on the difference between lists and tuples, which one
statement is TRUE?

Statement 1: List is a sequence data structure, whereas Tuple is not.

Statement 2: Lists are immutable; however, Tuples are mutable.

Statement 3: Tuple is a sequence data structure, whereas List is not.

Statement 4: Tuples are immutable; however, Lists are mutable.

Options:

a. Statement 1

b. Statement 4

c. Statement 2

d. Statement 3

Show Answer Workspace

10) What will be the output of the following snippet of code?

Code:

# defining a list
my_list = [7, 9, 8, 2, 5, 0, 1, 3, 6]

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 # using the pop() function
my_list.pop(2)

# printing the final list

print(my_list)

Options:

a. [7, 9, 2, 5, 0, 1, 3, 6]

b. [7, 9, 8, 2, 5, 0, 3, 6]

c. [7, 8, 2, 5, 0, 1, 3, 6]

d. [7, 9, 8, 2, 5, 0, 1, 6]

Show Answer Workspace

You may also like:

Java Interview Questions

SQL Interview Questions
Python Interview Questions
JavaScript Interview Questions
Angular Interview Questions
Selenium Interview Questions
Spring Boot Interview Questions
HR Interview Questions
C Programming Interview Questions
C++ Interview Questions
Data Structure Interview Questions
DBMS Interview Questions
HTML Interview Questions
IAS Interview Questions

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Manual Testing Interview Questions
OOPs Interview Questions
.Net Interview Questions
C# Interview Questions
ReactJS Interview Questions
Networking Interview Questions
PHP Interview Questions
CSS Interview Questions
Node.js Interview Questions
Spring Interview Questions
Hibernate Interview Questions
AWS Interview Questions
Accounting Interview Questions

Learn Latest Tutorials

Splunk tutorial SPSS tutorial Swagger T-SQL tutorial

tutorial
Splunk SPSS Transact-SQL
Swagger

Tumblr tutorial React tutorial Regex tutorial Reinforcement

learning tutorial
Tumblr ReactJS Regex
Reinforcement
Learning

R Programming RxJS tutorial React Native Python Design

tutorial tutorial Patterns
RxJS
R Programming React Native Python Design
Patterns

Python Pillow Python Turtle Keras tutorial

tutorial tutorial
Keras
Python Pillow Python Turtle

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 Preparation

Aptitude Logical Verbal Ability Interview

Reasoning Questions
Aptitude Verbal Ability
Reasoning Interview Questions

Company
Interview
Questions
Company Questions

Trending Technologies

Artificial AWS Tutorial Selenium Cloud

Intelligence tutorial Computing
AWS
Tutorial tutorial
Selenium
Artificial Cloud Computing
Intelligence

Hadoop tutorial ReactJS Data Science Angular 7

Tutorial Tutorial Tutorial
Hadoop
ReactJS Data Science Angular 7

Blockchain Git Tutorial Machine DevOps

Tutorial Learning Tutorial Tutorial
Git
Blockchain Machine Learning DevOps

B.Tech / MCA

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com
 DBMS tutorial Data Structures DAA tutorial Operating
tutorial System tutorial
DBMS DAA
Data Structures Operating System

Computer Compiler Computer Discrete

Network tutorial Design tutorial Organization and Mathematics
Architecture Tutorial
Computer Network Compiler Design
Computer Discrete
Organization Mathematics

Ethical Hacking Computer Software html tutorial

Tutorial Graphics Tutorial Engineering
Web Technology
Tutorial
Ethical Hacking Computer Graphics
Software
Engineering

Cyber Security Automata C Language C++ tutorial

tutorial Tutorial tutorial
C++
Cyber Security Automata C Programming

Java tutorial .Net Python tutorial List of

Framework Programs
Java Python
tutorial
Programs
.Net

Control Data Mining Data

Systems tutorial Tutorial Warehouse
Tutorial
Control System Data Mining
Data Warehouse

Convert web pages and HTML files to PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API Printed with Pdfcrowd.com