JEE MATHS MAXIMA AND MINIMA

1.

(a) A person being in a boat a miles from the nearest point of the beach, wishes to

reach as quickly as possible a point b miles from that point along the shore. The

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ratio of his rate of walking to his rate of rowing is sec . Prove that he should

land at a distance (b  a cot  ) from the place to be reached.

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(b) A swimmer S is in the sea at a distance d km. from the closest point A on a

straight shore. The house of the swimmer is on the shore at a distance L km.

from A. He can swim at a speed of u km./hr. and walk at a speed of v km/hr. At

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what point on the shore should he land so that he reaches his house in the

shortest possible time?

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2. A lane runs at right angles out of a road a feet wide. Find how many feet wide the lane

must be if it is just possible to carry a pole b feet long (b>a) from the road into the lane
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keeping it horizontal.

3. A ladder is to be carried in a horizontal position round a corner formed by two streets a

ft. and b ft. wide meeting at right angles. Prove that the length of the longest ladder

that will pass round the corner without jamming is (a 2 / 3  b 2 / 3 )3 / 2 .

4. A tall electric pole is to be kept in vertical position by a stretched wire from the pole to

the ground. The wire has to clear a wall 6 m. high and 4 m. from the pole. What is the

least length of the wire that can be used between the pole and the ground.
5. One corner of long rectangular sheet of paper of width 1 ft. is folded over so as to

reach the opposite edge or the sheet. Find the minimum length of the crease.

6. The lower corner of a leaf in a book is folded over so as to reach the inner edge of the

page. Show that the fraction of the width folded over when the area of the folded part

is min. is 2/3.

7. A rectangular sheet of metal has four equal square portions removed at the corner and

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the sides are then turned up so as to from an open rectangular box. Show that when the

volume contained in the box is max. the depth will be

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[(a  b)  (a 2  ab  b 2 )1 / 2 ]
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where a and b (a>b) are the sides of the original rectangle. Find the corresponding
20
result if the given metal sheet be a square.
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80
8. Show that the semi-vertical angle of a right cone of given total surface (including area

1
of base) and max. volume is sin 1 .
3

9.

(a) Show that the semi-vertical angle of a cone of max. volume and given slant

height is tan 1 2 .

(b) A conical vessel is to be prepared out of a circular sheet of gold of unit radius.

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How much sectorial area is to be removed from the sheet so that the vessel has

maximum volume?

10.

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Show that a conical tent of given capacity will require the least amount of canvas if its

height is 2 times its base radius.

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11. For a given curved surface of a right circular cone, show that the volume is max. when

semi-vertical angle of the cone is sin 1 (1 / (3) ) .

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12. Find the cylinder of greatest volume which can be inscribed in a cone.

13. Show that the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface which can

be inscribed in a given cone is half that of the cone.

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14. Show that the right circular cylinder of given surface and max. volume is such that its

height is equal to the diameter of the base.

15.

(a) An open cylinder can of given capacity is to be made from a metal sheet of

uniform thickness. If no allowance is to be made for waste material, what will be

the most economical ratio of the radius to the height of the can?
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(b) A cylindrical vessel of volume 25 cubic metres, which is open at the top is to
7

be manufactured from a sheet of metal. Find the dimension of the vessel so that

the amount of sheet used in manufacturing it is the least possible.

(c) An open tank of given volume V has a square base. If the inner surface is least

then prove that its depth is to the width as 1 : 2.

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16.

(a) 63
A cylindrical gas container is closed at the top and open at the bottom; if the iron
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plate of the top is 5 /4 times as thick ad the plate forming the cylindrical sides,

find the ratio of the radius to the height of the cylinder using minimum material

for the same capacity.

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(b) A manufacturer plans to construct a cylindrical can to hold one cubic metre of

liquid. If the cost of constructing the top and bottom of the can is twice the cost
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of constructing the sides, what are the dimensions of the most economical can?

(c) It is desired to construct a cylindrical veseel of capacity 500 cubic metres open

at the top. What should be the dimensions of the vessel so that the material used

is minimum, given that the thickness of the material used is 2 cms.

17. A given quantity of metal is to be cast in to a half cylinder, i.e., with a rectangular base

and semicircular ends. Show that in order that the total surface area may be minimum


the ratio of the height of the cylinder to the diameter of the semi-circular ends is .
 2

18. A thin this closed rectangular box is to have one rectangular edge of n-times the length

of another edge and the volume of the box is given to be V. Prove that the least surface

S is given by

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nS 3  54(n  1) 2V 2 .

19. A tree trunk l feet long is in the shape of a frustum of a cone, the radii of its ends being

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a and b (a > b). It is required to the cut from it a beam of uniform square section.

Prove that the beam of greatest volume that can cut is

al
3(a  b)
feet long.
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20.

(a) A cone is circumscribed to a sphere of radius r. Show that volume of the cone is
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minimum if its altitude is 4r and its semi-vertical angle is sin 1  .

1
 3

(b) Find the vertical angle of a right circular cone of minimum curved surface that
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circumscribes a given sphere.

21. Prove that the lest perimeter of an isosceles triangle in which a circle of radius r can be

inscribed is 6r 3 .

22. The cone of greatest volume which can be inscribed in a given sphere has an altitude

2
equal to rd the diameter of the sphere. Prove also that the curved surface of the cone
3

is maximum for the same value of altitude.

23. Show that the height of the cylinder of max. volume that can be inscribed in a sphere

2a
of radius a is . Also find its radius.
(3)

24.

(a) Find the max. value of the total surface of a right circular cylinder which can be

inscribed in a sphere of radius a.

(b) A chord of length 2L divides a circular area of radius R into two segments. Find

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the sides of the rectangle with largest area that can be inscribed in the smaller

segment.

25. Tangents are drawn to the ellipse

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x2 y 2

a 2 b2
 1 and the auxiliary circle of the ellipse at a

points where a common ordinate cuts them. Show that if  be the greatest inclination of
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ab
these tangents then tan   .
2 (ab)
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26. Prove that the min. intercept made by the axes on the tangent to the ellipse

x2 y 2
  1is a  b . Prove further that it is divided at the point of contact into parts,
a 2 b2
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which are equal to semi-axes respectively.

27.

x2 y 2
(a) From a variable point of an ellipse 2  2  1 normal is drawn to the ellipse.
a b

Find the maximum distance of the normal from the centre of the ellipse.

x2 y 2
(b) Find the normals to the ellipse   1 which are farthest from its centre.
9 4
 a 2 b2
28. Prove that the min. radius vector of the curve   1 is of length a + b.
x2 y 2

29.

c4 a2 b2
(a) Find the max. and min. radii vectors of the curve   .
r 2 sin 2 t cos 2 t

(b) Find the points on the curve

ax   2bxy  ay 2  c; c  b  a  0 , whose distance from the origin is minimum.

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30.

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If xy( y  x)  2a3 , show that y has a minimum when x = a. Determine the minimum

value. Show that y has a second value at x = a, which is less than the minimum. How
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do you explain this paradox?

31. Prove that the minimum value of

(a  x)(b  x)
, x  c is [ a  c  b  c ]2
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(c  x )

32. Let f ( x)  sin 3 x   sin 2 x,   / 2  x   / 2 . Find the intervals in which  should lie in
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order that f(x) has exactly one minimum and one maximum.

33.

(a) Let A( p 2 , p), B(q 2 , q), C (r 2 ,r ) be the vertices of the triangle ABC. A D, E and F

on the line segments BC, CA and AB respectively. Using calculus show that

1
maximum area of such a parallelogram is ( p  q)(q  r )( p  r ) .
4
 (b) Find the point ( ,  ) on the ellipse 4 x 2  3 y 2  12 in the first quadrant, so that the

area enclosed by the lines y  x, y   , x   and the x-axis is maximum.

(c) At what point P( x, y ) of the curve y  e x should a tangent be drawn so that the

area of the triangle bounded by the tangent and the co-ordinate axes be greatest?

(d) A figure is bounded by the curve y  x 2  1 , the axes of co-ordinates and the line

x=1. Determine the coordinates of a point P at which a tangent be drawn to the

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curve so as to cut off a trapezium of greatest area from the figure.

34. Find all the values of the parameter a for which the point of minimum of the function

x2  x  2
x2  5x  6
 0.
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f ( x)  1a 2 x  x3 satisfy the inequality
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35. For what value of a does the function f ( x)  x3  3(a  7) x 2  3(a 2  9) x  1 have a positive

point of maximum?
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36. Determine the points of maximum and minima of the function

1
f ( x)  log x  bx  x 2 , x  0 , where b  0 is a constant.
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