BCS 041

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5. June 2013 BCS-041 2

6. Dec 2013 BCS-041 4
7. June 2014 BCS-041 6
8. Dec 2014 BCS-041 8
9. June 2015 BCS-041 11
10. Dec 2015 BCS-041 14
11. June 2016 BCS-041 17
12. Dec 2016 BCS-041 20
13. June 2017 BCS-041 23
14. Dec 2017 BCS-041 28
15. June 2018 BCS-041 33
16. Dec 2018 BCS-041 35
17. June 2019 BCS-041 37
18. Dec 2019 BCS-041 40
19. June 2020 BCS-041 43
20. Dec 2020 BCS-041 47
21. June 2021 BCS-41 51
22. Dec 2021 BCS-041 54
23. June 2022 BCS-41 56
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No. of Printed Pages : 2 BCS-041
SCA (REVISED)
CC
Term-End Examination
June, 2013
BCS-041 : FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER
NETWORKS
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three
question from the rest.
1. (a) Write any four differences between analog 4

and digital systems.
(b) Justify the statement "Slotted ALOHA 6
achieves double efficiency than pure
ALOHA".
(c) How is CRC code used for error detection 5
in digital networks ? Give an example to
illustrate your answer.
(d) Compare and contrast between "Peer to 5
Peer" and "Client Server" Networking.
(e) Explain the count to infinity problem with 5
help of an example.
(f) Define silly window syndrome at transport 5
layer ? Explain.
(g) Write any five advantages of frame relay 5
over X.25 architecture.
(h) Differentiate between public-key and 5
private-key cryptography.
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

2. (a) What is MD5 ? Write the steps for MD5 10

algorithm.
(b) Compare 1G, 2G and 3G wireless 10
generations based on following criteria :
(i) Communication method
(ii) Modulation Technique
(iii) Services
(iv) Channel Assignment
3. (a) Discuss distance vector routing with help 10

of a subnet topology. Discuss what are
different matrices used in the distance vector
routing algorithm.
(b) What are the various methods in HTTP ? 10
Explain the use of any four methods.
4. (a) Write the role of Data link layer in OSI 10

model. Explain the services and functions
provided by Data link layer. Also, explain
the importance of its sublayers.
(b) Explain the importance and functions of 10
layer 2 and layer 3 switches. Also, write
advantages and disadvantages of each.
5. Write a short notes on the following : 20

(a) RSA algorithm
(b) IP address classes
(c) Fiber optic cables
(d) Time Division Multiplexing
BCS-041 2

BCA (REVISED)
December, 2013

NETWORKS

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any three
questions from the rest.
1. (a) What is the need of modulation ? 5

Differentiate between analog and frequency
modulation.
(b) Compare and contrast between 5
Synchronous and Asynchronous
transmission using an example for each.
(c) What is frequency division multiplexing ? 5
Write its advantages and disadvantages.
(d) What are the different considerations while 4
choosing a topology for a network ?
(e) Why network models are divided into 5
layers ? Write the similarities between
TCP/IP and OSI model.
(f) Explain the working of ARP and RARP. 6
(g) What are gateways ? Explain the 5
importance of gateways in networking.
(h) What is cell sectoring in wireless 5
networking ? State its type.
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.
2. (a) Assume message M= 1010101010 bits and 10

generator G =10001 bits. Explain, how CRC
is used for error detection using above
message bits and generator bits.
(b) Explain the working of link state routing 10
algorithm using an example.
3. (a) Discuss the functions performed by SNMP 10

for network management.
(b) Write the working of Selective Repeat 10
method. Also, compare it with GO-Back -N
using example.
4. (a) Write an advantages and one disadvantages 10

of the following :
(i) Hub (ii) Bridge
(iii) Repeater (iv) Modem
(v) Switch
(b) Write the steps of RSA algorithm. Assume 10
two primary numbers p = 3 and q =11, use
RSA algorithm to calculate encryption and
decryption keys.
5. Write a short notes on the following : 20

(a) Code Division Multiplexing
(b) Frame Relay
(c) Slotted ALOHA
(d) Multi - mode fiber optics
BCS-041 2

G\
BCA (REVISED)
June, 2014

NETWORKS

Note : Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
1. (a) What are the two sublayers of data link 7

layer ? Explain the characteristics of these
layers.
(b) Differentiate between parallel and serial 6
communication using an example for each.
(c) Discuss the importance of DHCP, BOOTP 6
and SNMP at Application layer of TCP/IP
model.
(d) How transport layer of OSI model provide 8
flow control to improve the issue of
congestion in the data transfer ?
(e) Explain the parity bit method used for error 8
detection. Suppose a bit sequence 100110011
is received. Assume odd parity bit method
is used, find whether it has been received
correctly or not.
(f) How are the number of twists in the UTP 5
cable related to its performance ?
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

2. (a) Compare and contrast between Amplitude 10

and phase modulation techniques. Discuss
the limitations of each.
(b) Assume a 10 bit sequence is 101110110 and 10
a divisor (polynomial) is 1101. Calculate the
CRC.
Note :- show all steps and calculation.
3. (a) Explain the importance of Time Division 10

Multiplexing (TDM). What are the
application of TDM ? Also, write its
disadvantages (if any).
(b) Discuss the ATM service classes and QoS 10
(Quality of Service) parameters of each class.
4. (a) Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6. Also, 10

discuss the need of IP v6.
(b) Write the drawbacks of transparent 10
fragmentation. Also, discuss Non -
transparent fragmentation method.
5. Write short notes on the following : 20

(a) IEEE 802.3
(b) RSA
(c) 3G
(d) CDMA
BCS-041 2

2 5 54
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(Revised)
December, 2014
BCS-041 : FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER
NETWORKS

1. (a) Differentiate between single mode and

multi mode optical fiber. 8
(b) What is count-to-infinity problem in
distance vector routing protocol ? How does
it happen ? Explain with an example. 10
(c) Define angle modulation. What are its
types ? Discuss the limitations of angle
modulation. 7
(d) Calculate the CRC for bit sequence
1101011011 and generator polynomial is
10011. 10
Note : Show all steps and calculation.
(e) What is Ad hoc Wireless Communication
System ? Explain. 5
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

2. (a) Write the steps for Message Digest 5 (MD5)

algorithm. 10
(b) Explain the importance of Sliding Window

Protocol. Also, list the types of sliding
window techniques. 10
3. (a) What is NIC ? Write the techniques used

by NIC for data transfer. 8
(b) What are the advantages and

disadvantages of bridges ? 8
(c) Find the class of following IPv4 addresses : 4
(i) 193.14.56.22
(ii) 226.11.14.27
(iii) 134.11.27.13
(iv) 252.5.15.111
4. (a) What is ICMP ? Discuss the ICMP message

categories. Also, give at least two examples
of each ICMP message category. 10
(b) Differentiate between pure ALOHA and

slotted ALOHA. Give formulas for their
throughput. 10
BCS-041 2


(a) CSMA/CD
(b) Layer 2 Switch
(c) Frame Relay
(d) OSI Model
BCS-041 3 6,000


(BCA) (Revised)
065 13
June, 2015

NETWORKS

questions from the rest. Use of calculators is
allowed.
1. (a) Why is serial data transmission faster than

parallel data transmission ? Explain. 5
(b) What is better for computer
communication — analog or digital ?
Justify your answer. 5
(c) Why are 'Hash functions' called 'one-way
functions' ? Explain.
(d) Differentiate between SVC and PVC of
X.25. 5
(e) Write the steps of Distance Vector Routing
Algorithm. Give an example to show its
working. 10
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

(f) What is Windowing ? How is flow control

and reliability achieved through
windowing at transport layer ? 10
2. (a) Write a difference between pure ALOHA

and slotted ALOHA. If the throughput of
pure ALOHA is S = Ge -2G, show that the
maximum throughput (S ma.) is 0-184. 10
(b) Explain the working of 3-way handshake

used in TCP, using a suitable diagram. 10
3. (a) Calculate CRC, if the message is x 7 + x5 +

and the generator polynomial is x3 + 1. 10
(b) Explain the working of ARP using a

diagram. How is it different from RARP ?
Explain. 10
4. (a) Explain RSA algorithm with example. 10
(b) What is the difference between classful

addressing and classless addressing ? How
does classless addressing result in decrease
in the table size ? 10
BCS-041

5. Write short notes on the following : 4x5=20

(a) Frame Relay
(b) Fiber Optics Cables
(c) IMAP and POP
(d) OSI Model
BCS-041 6,000

No. of Printed Pages : 3 I BCS-041

(BCA) (Revised)
December, 2015

NETWORKS

questions from the rest. Use of calculator is
allowed.
1. (a) What is count to infinity problem in

distance vector routing protocol ? How does
it happen ? Explain with an example. 10
(b) Explain the advantages of Frame Relay
over X•25 network. 5
(c) How are switches and hubs different ? List
at least four differences. 5
(d) What is the role of parallel and serial
transmission devices in computer
networking ? Explain. 5
(e) Differentiate between frequency shift
keying and phase shift keying. 5
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

(f) What is subnetting ? What is the

subnetwork address, if the destination
address is 200.45.34.56 and the subnet
mask is 255.255.240.0 ? 5
(g) Compare and contrast between private key

and public key cryptography. 5
2. (a) Explain the concept of Go-Back-N sliding

window protocol with a suitable example. 10
(b) Calculate CRC, if the message is

110101001 and the generator is 1011. 10
3. (a) Assume two primary numbers p = 7 and

q = 19, use RSA algorithm to show the
encryption and decryption with a
message "6". 10
(b) Explain the functions of various connecting

devices in a LAN. 10
4. (a) What is fragmentation ? Explain why IPv4

and IPv6 protocol need to fragment some
packets. 10
(b) How is connection established and

terminated in TCP using three-way
handshaking mechanism ? Explain. 10
BCS-041 2


(a) ALOHA Protocols
(b) SNMP
(c) MD5
(d) Wireless Generations (1G, 2G and 3G)
BCS-041 3 7,000


(BCA) (Revised)
June, 2016
Pr2fr-
-
NETWORKS

allowed.
1. (a) Compare Hub and Switch. Give the

advantages and disadvantages of both Hub
and Switch. Briefly discuss the functions of
layer-2 switch and layer-3 switch. 10
(b) Write the components of Address field in

the Frame Relay Protocol Data Unit
(PDU). Also, explain the significance of
each component. 10
(c) Write the step-by-step working of Link

State Routing. Also, compare it with
Distance Vector Routing. 10
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

(d) Discuss the concept of Sliding Window

Protocols with the help of an example.
Also, explain how piggybacking technique
works. 10
2. (a) Explain POP and IMAP. How does POP

work ? What are the advantages of IMAP
over POP ? 10
(b) Assume Data frame is 1101011011 and

generator polynomial, G(x) is x 4 + x + 1.
Calculate the transmitted frame using
CRC method. 10
3. (a) Compare between CSMA/CD and Ethernet

protocol. How does CSMA/CD resolve the
problem of line connection ? Explain. 10
(b) Draw the format of IP Header and explain

the significance of each field. 10
4. (a) Discuss circuit switching and packet

switching methods. Also, discuss their
merits and demerits. 10
(b) Assume two prime numbers p and q are 3

and 5 respectively. Calculate private key
and public key using RSA algorithm. 10
BCS-041 2

(a) ATM Cell

(b) GSM Architecture
(c) OSI Model
(d) Frequency Modulation
BCS-041 3 6,000


(BCA) (Revised)
0S07.3S December, 2016
NETWORKS
allowed.
1. (a) Differentiate between Pure ALOHA and

Slotted ALOHA. If the throughput of
Slotted ALOHA is S = Ge -G, show that the
maximum throughput (Sma) is 0-368. 10
(b) Discuss the error control techniques

used at the data link layer. Also write the
step-by-step procedure of GO-BACK-N
ARQ method. 10
(c) Differentiate between adaptive and
non-adaptive routing. Explain the working
of 'Hierarchical Routing' using suitable
topological structure and routing table. 10
(d) What is MD5 ? Write the step-by-step

procedure for generating 128-bit MD5
,digest. 10
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

2. (a) Compare between virtual circuits and

circuit switching. Also discuss the effect of
router failure in virtual circuits. 10
(b) What is ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) ?

Explain how routing and switching is done
in ATM Networks. 10
3. (a) Write CRC algorithm. Use it to

demonstrate the method of error checking. 10
(b) Differntiate between Analog and Digital

Modulation. Compare and contrast
between ASK, PSK and FSK (digital
modulation techniques). 10
4. (a) Write the significance and usage of the

following networking devices : 10
(i) Repeaters
(ii) Bridges
(iii) Switches
(iv) Gateways
(v) Network Interface Card
(b) What is IGMP ? Draw the header fields of

IGMP. Also explain the significance of each
field. 10
BCS-041 2

5. Differentiate between the following : 20
(a) SMTP and FTP

(b) Guided and Unguided Media
(c) OSI and TCP/IP Models
(d) RSA and DES
BCS-041 3 6,500

No. of Printed Pages : 5 I BCS-041 I

(BCA) (Revised)
C3t=1-?c31 June, 2017

NETWORKS
Note : Question no. 1 is compulsory. Answer any three

1. (a) Find the CRC for the data polynomial

x9 + x7 + x5 + x2 + 1
with the generator polynomial x 3 + x + 1.
(b) Match the following to one or more layers of
the OSI model (write the name of layer(s)) :
(i) Error correction and Detection
(ii) Running an e-mail application
(iii) Modulation and Encoding
(iv) Routing of packets
(c) What is a problem with PSK ? Explain
what are 4-QPSK and 8-QPSK.
(d) Suppose a class B network uses 20 bits out
of 30 bits to define a network address. How
many class B networks are possible in this
case ? 3
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

(e) What is the reserved bit pattern of the first

byte of a class D address class ?
(0 The following Figure 1(a) is a subnet with
A, B, C, D and E router nodes :
F
C
Figure 1(a) : Subnet
In Figure 1(b), the first three columns
show the delay vectors received from the
neighbours of E(A, C, D).
A D E link
A 0 5 7 10 A
B 10 8 14
C 15 0 21 8
D 20 14 0
E 25 19 28
F 20 25 10
Figure 1(b) : Delay vector
BCS-041 2

Suppose E has measured its delay to A, C,

D as 10, 8, 7 msec respectively. Show how
E calculates the delay to B and F routers
and through which link 10
(g) If p = 7 and q = 11, calculate the encryption

key 'e' and the decryption key using RSA
algorithm.
. (a) State True/False for the following statements

with respect to packet switching : 5
(i) Bandwidth is allocated dynamically.
(ii) Useful for delay sensitive applications.
(iii) Not economical as it needs a
dedicated circuit.
(iv) Packet needs to be re-transmitted
every time it gets lost.
(v) Overhead is more because every
packet is required to carry address.
(b) Compare Bus topology and Star topology

with respect to the following parameters : 6
(i) .Central point of failure
(ii) Cable size
(iii) Maintenance and installation cost
(iv) Performance of a system by adding
extra cost
BCS-041 3 P.T.O.

(c) Briefly describe the following major access

technologies in LAN : 6
(i) CSMA
(ii) Token Passing
(d) Give any two reasons for using a layered
protocol.
3. (a) How does HTTP protocol work ? 4
(b) Write the throughput expression of Aloha

and Slotted Aloha. Also plot load vs
throughput graph of the above protocol.
(c) Explain hierarchical routing with the help
of an example. 6
(d) How does TCP manage loss and

duplication of packets ?
4. (a) Explain the slow start process to manage

congestion control at transport layer. 5
(b) What is QoS ? Describe any technique to
improve QoS.
(c) Compare Frame relay and X . 25 with
respect to the following parameters :
• Data rate
• Flow control and error control
mechanisms
• Data link layer feature
BCS-041 4

(d) State True/False. 5

(i) Bluetooth can support up to 8
devices simultaneously in
master/slave mode.
(ii) IEEE 802.3 is a standard of WLAN.
(iii) Every cell in a wireless cellular
network has one base station.
(iv) First generation wireless network
was intended for voice as well as
data.
(v) GSM is used all over the world.
. (a) What are the two modes of wireless

communication system ? Discuss.
(b) Draw the GSM architecture and explain
the components which manage database.
(c) How is block cipher different from stream
cipher ? Explain with the help of example.
(d) Explain the following terms with the help
of examples
• Non-repudiation
• Encryption
BCS-041 5 6,000

No. of Printed Pages : 5 I BCS-041 I

(BCA) (Revised)
December, 2017

NETWORKS

1. (a) Find CRC foi/ the data polynomial

x5 + x4 + x2 + 1 with generator polynomial
x3 + 1. 7
(b) Match the following to one or more layers of
the OSI model. (Write the name(s) of layer(s)) 4
(i) Running FTP applications
(ii) Managing congestion control
(iii) Fragmentation and reassembly of
packets
(iv) Encryption/Decryption
(c) How is sampling done from analog
signals ? Explain through an illustration. 6
(d) How many networks can each IP address
class A, B and C have ? Also find the
number of hosts per network in each given
address class. 6
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

(e) The following Figure 1(a) is a subnet

having six routers A, B, C, D, E and F.
A
E
Figure 1(a) : A subnet
The first three columns in Figure 1(b) show
the delay vectors received from neighbours
of E (i.e., from B, D and F). Suppose that E
has also measured its delay to neighbours
B, D and F.
E
To B D F Delay Link
A 4 3 5
B 0 6 10 6 B
C 8 9 15
D 12 20 8
E 16 12 25 0
F 20 15 0 7 F
Figure 1(b) : Delay vectors
Show how the router E calculates its delay
to A and C. 10
BCS-041 2

(f) What is a Congestion Control Mechanism ?

Discuss slow start phase of TCP's
congestion control mechanism through an
illustration. 7
2. (a) State 7'ruelFalse.

(i) Data transmission has a high signal
quality in an analog system
compared to a digital system.
(ii) In synchronous transmission, there
is no use of start and stop bits.
(iii) In comparison to asynchronous
communication, synchronous
communication has higher speeds.
(iv) Telephone/mobile conversation is an
example of half duplex
transmission.
(v) Walkie-talkie device - is an example
of half duplex channel.
(b) What do 10 Base T and 100 Base T stand
for ? Also differentiate between the two.
(c) Compare ring topology and mesh topology
in terms of the following parameters : 6
(i) Requirement of cable
(ii) Reliability
(iii) Performance of a network by adding
extra nodes
(d) How do ARP and RARP work ? 4
BCS-041 3 P .T.O.

3. (a) What are the important features of an ATM

switch ?
(b) What is Count-to-Infinity Problem ?
Explain.
(c) Discuss the following in context of network
management :
(i) Configuration management
(ii) Accounting management
(d) Explain the multiplicative decrease process
with respect to congestion control.
4. (a) What is Silly Window Syndrome ? What are

the proposed solutions to this syndrome ? 6
(b) What are the two categories of ICMP
messages ? Give two examples of each.
(c) Differentiate between virtual circuit and
datagram. 3
(d) Explain the following features of IPv6 : 5
(i) Tunnelling
(ii) Dual IP stack
5. (a) (i) Given the network address 125.0.0.0.,

find the class, the block and the range
of the address. 3
(ii) How can we prove that we have
2,147,483,648 addresses in Class A ? 2
BCS-041 4

(b) What are the pros and cons of a wireless

communication system ?
(c) How does MD5 message digest algorithm
work ? Explain. 6
(d) Explain the following terms : 4
• Decryption
• Cryptography
BCS-041 5 5,500

No. of Printed Pages : 2 BCS-041 I

(BCA) (Revised)
C3-4-7 €1, June, 2018

NETWORKS
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks . 100
allowed.
1. (a) Given data frame is 1101011011 and

generator polynomial G(x) = x 4 + x + 1.
Derive the transmitted frame using CRC
method. Write all the steps involved in the
process. 10
(b) Explain each step of the process for

generating 128 bit MD5 digest from any
given number and key. 10
(c) Differentiate between Glassful addressing

and classless addressing. Explain how
classless addressing results in decrease in
the table size. 10
(d) Explain how routing and switching is done

in ATM Networks. 10
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.

2. (a) Write the importance of Time Division

Multiplexing (TDM). What are the
applications of TDM ? Also write its
disadvantages (if any). 10
(b) Discuss the differences between IPv4 and
IPv6. Also highlight the need of IPv6. 10
3. (a) Draw and explain connection

establishment and termination in TCP
using the three-way handshaking method. 10
(b) With the help of an example, explain
Go-back-N sliding window protocol. 10
4. (a) Discuss the functions of DHCP and SNMP. 10

(b) Differentiate between circuit switching and
virtual circuit. Also explain the effect of
router failure in virtual circuits. 10

(a) RSA
(b) Fiber Optic Cables
(c) OSI Model
(d) CSMA/CD
BCS-041 2 7,000


(BCA) (Revised)
December, 2018
C.10 Ei .,41 * -

NETWORKS

allowed.
1. (a) Assume two prime numbers p and q are

17 and 11 respectively. Calculate private
key and public key using RSA algorithm. 10
(b) Draw the format of IP header and explain

the significance of each field in this header. 10
(c) Compare between CSMA/CD and token

passing methods in Ethernet. Also explain
how collisions are handled by CSMA/CD. 10
(d) Explain the working of link state routing.

Also compare it with distance vector
routing. 10
BCS 041
- 1 P.T.O.

2. (a) Compare Pure ALOHA with Slotted

ALOHA. If throughput of Slotted ALOHA
is S = Ge-G, show that the maximum
throughput (Smax) is 0.368. 10
(b) What is Digital Modulation ? Compare and
contrast between ASK, PSK and FSK. 10
3. (a) Explain any five network topologies. Give

one advantage and one disadvantage of
each topology. 10
(b) What is windowing ? How are flow control
and reliability achieved through windowing
at transport layer ? 10
4. (a) What is IGMP ? Draw the header fields of

IGMP and explain the significance of each
field. 10
(b) Compare OSI-reference model with TCP/IP
model. 10

(a) IP Address Classes
(b) ATM Cell
(c) MD5 Algorithm
(d) POP
(e) IMAP
BCS-041 2 5,500


(BCA) (Revised)
Term-End Examination, 2019

BCS-041 : FUNDAMENTALS OF
COMPUTER NETWORKS
Time : 3 Hours) (Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question No. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three

questions from the rest. Use of calculator is allowed.
1. (a) How the number of turns in UTP cable is related

to its performance ? Why shielding of cable is
required ? Explain briefly. [7]
(b) Explain how a wireless network is configured.

[6]
(c) Briefly explain X.25 architecture with the help of

a diagram. [8]
(d) Briefly explain client-server model of network.
[5]
BCS-041 (t ) [P.T.0.1
(e) What is TCP's sliding window ? Explain Silly

Window Syndrome with the help of a diagram.
[7]
(f) What is parity bit method for error detection ?

Suppose a bit sequence 110001010111 is
received. Assume odd parity bit method is used.
Find whether received bit sequence is correct or
not. [7]
(a) What is IPV 6 ? Explain its needs. How IPV 6 is

better than IPV 4 ? [10]
(b) What is count to infinity problem in distance vector

routing protocol ? How does it happen ? Explain
briefly. [10]
(a) What is OSI model ? List all the layers of OSI

model and also write two functions of each layer.
[15]
(b) What is problem with PSK ? Explain how it may

be solved. [5]
(a) What is Packet Switching ? Explain connection

less packet switching with the help of a diagrain.
{10]
f3CS-041 (2)

(b) What are Quality of Services (QoS) of

network ? Briefly explain any three parameters
of QoS. Also list any two techniques to improve
QoS. [10]
5. Write short notes on the following : [4x5=20]
(a) Communication Ports
(b) Multiplexing
(c) Authentication and Privacy
(d) Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission
BCS-041 ( 3 ) 6000

59:4

(ICA) (Revised)
Term End Examination, 2019

-
BCS-041 : FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100

1. (a) Explain two modes of wireless communication.
[6]
(b) What is Synchronous Communication ? Briefly
explain its advantages and disadvantages. [6]
(c) What is Star Topology ? Explain its advantages

and disadvantages. Also describe use of switch
in star topology.
(d) Explain leaky bucket algorithm for congestion

control. Also list its advantages and
disadvantages. [8]
BCS-041/6500 https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 40

(e) What is Social Networking ? Explain its
advantages. [6]
(f) Explain howAuthentication can be proved through,

Identification. [7]
(a) Differentiate between public key cryptography and

private-key cryptography. Assume two prime
numbers p and q are 13 and 17 respectively.
Calculate private key and public key using RSA
algorithm. [10]
(b) Calculate CRC, if the message is 110101001 and

the generator is 1011. [10]
3. (a) What is Transparent Fragmentation 2 How it is

different from non-transparent fragmentation
method ? Explain. [8]
(b) What is Frame Relay ? Explain network

architecture of frame relay with the help of a
diagram. Also draw format of frame. [12]
4. (a) What is DNS 2 Explain its advantages. [5]
BCS-041/6500 (2)
(b) What is Internet Group Message Protocol

(IGMP) ? Briefly explain types of query messages
in IGMP.
[8]
(c) What is E-Governance ? Explain any three

characteristics of E-Governance.
5. Write short notes on the following : [4x5=20]
(a) Applications of Computer Networking
(b) Working of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
(c) Electronic Mail
(d) Network Interface Card (NIC)
BCS-041/6500 https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 42


BACHELOR OF COMPUTER
APPLICATION (BCA) (Revised)

NETWORKS
Time : 3 Hours] [Maximum : Marks : 100
Note: Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any

three questions from the rest. Use of calculator
is allowed
(a) Compare Analog and Digital communication

systems. Give example of each. 5
(b) What is frequency modulation? Give two

advantages and two disadvantages of
frequency modulation. 5
(c) What is multiplexing? Briefly discuss the

importance of multiplexing. List the basic
multiplexing techniques. 5
(d) Differentiate between OSI and TCP/IP model.

5

(e) Discuss the role of switch as a inter

networking king device. Compare layer 2
switch with layer 3 switch. 5
(f) Compare circuit switching with virtual circuit

and Datagram. 5
(g) What is Block Cipher? Give two advantages

and two disadvantages of Block Cipher 5
(h) Explain Data Encryption Standard (DBS) with

suitable example. 5
2. (a) Discuss OSI reference model with suitable

block diagram. Briefly discuss the function
of each layer in OSI reference model. 10
(b) Explain the following Digital modulation

techniques: 6
(i) Amplitude Shift Keying
(ii) Frequency Shift Keying
(iii) Phase Shift keying
(c) Compare synchronous and Asynchronous

transmission. Give advantage and
disadvantage of both. 4

3. (a) Draw block diagram to show the classification

of Medium access control techniques. 5
(b) What is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?

Discuss the working of ARP with a suitable
block diagram. 5
(c) What is the function of Datalinf Layer? Briefly

discuss the role of two sublayers of Datalink
layer. 5
(d) What do 10 base T and 100 Base T stand

for? Also differentiate between the two. 5
4. (a) Compare Adaptive Routing algorithms with

Non-Adaptive Routing algorithms. 5
(b) Discuss the leaky bucket algorithm. Give its

advantages and disadvantages. 5
(c) What is the need of data fragmentation?

Compare Transparent fragmentation with
Non-transparent fragmentation. 5
(d) Explain silly window syndrome. Briefly dicuss

the solution to silly window syndrome. 5

5. Write short notes on following: 4x5=20
(i) Frame Relay
(ii) GSM architecture
(iii) MD 5
(iv) Cryptanalysis
-X-

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS (B. C. A.) (REVISED)
December, 2020
NETWORKS

Note : (i) Question number 1 is compulsory.
Attempt any three questions from the
rest.
(ii) Use of calculator is allowed.
1. (a) Compare serial and parallel transmission.

Give advantages and disadvantages of
both. 5
(b) What is Amplitude Modulation ? Give two

amplitude modulation. 5
Lot-I P. T. O.

[2] BCS-041
(c) What do you understand by the term
sampling in digital communication ?
Compare analog to digital conversion with
digital to analog conversion. 5
(d) Give at least two similarities between OSI
and TCP/IP models. 5
(e) What is Random access protocol ? Compare
throughout of pure and slotted ALOHA. 5
(f) Briefly discuss the term “classful
addressing”. Give disadvantage of classful
addressing. Given the network address
17.0.0.0, find the class, the block and the
range of address. 5
(g) What is stream cipher ? Give two
stream cipher. 5
(h) Compare symmetric and asymmetric
cryptography. 5

[3] BCS-041
2. (a) Briefly discuss the functions of various

layers involved in TCP/IP model, also
mention the protocols defined under each
layer. 10
(b) Briefly discuss the following types of

multiplexing : 10
(i) Frequency division multiplexing
(ii) Time division multiplexing
(iii) Code division multiplexing
(iv) Space division multiplexing
3. (a) What is round robin technique for

transmission ? How does polling differ from
token passing ? 5
(b) What are the major functions of transport

layer ? How transmission control protocol
differs from user datagram protocol ? 5
(c) Briefly discuss the term Cyclic Redundancy

Check (CRC). Find CRC for the data
polynomial x5 + x 4 + x 2 + 1 with generator
polynomial x3 + 1 . 10
P. T. O.

[4] BCS-041
4. (a) What is distance vector routing ? Briefly

discuss the problem of distance vector
routing. 5
(b) Compare token bucket algorithm with

leaky bucket algorithm. 5
(c) What do you understand by the term

Quality of Services (QoS). Discuss the
techniques to improve QoS. 5
(d) Differentiate between ICMP and IGMP. 5
5. Write short notes on the following : 4×5=20
(i) X.25 Architecture
(ii) CDMA
(iii) RSA
(iv) Public and private key cryptography
BCS–041


(BCA) (Revised)
June, 2021

NETWORKS

allowed.
1. (a) Which type of communication, digital or

analog, is better for computers ? Justify
your answer. 5
(b) What are ‘Hash functions’ ? Why are they

called ‘One-way functions’ ? Explain. 5
(c) Compare SVC and PVC of X·25

architecture. 5
(d) Why is serial data transmission faster than

parallel data transmission ? Explain. 5
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.
(e) How are the number of twists in the UTP

cable related to its performance ? 5
(f) Name the two sublayers of Data Link
Layer, and explain the characteristics of
these layers. 5
(g) Explain Silly Window Syndrome, with the
help of a diagram. 5
(h) Briefly discuss the problem with PSK and
explain its possible solution. 5
2. (a) Compare and contrast the amplitude

modulation and phase modulation
techniques. Discuss the limitations of each. 10
(b) Explain RSA algorithm with example. 10
3. (a) Explain the working of 3-way handshake

used in TCP, using a suitable diagram. 10
(b) Discuss the ATM service classes and QoS
(Quality of Services) parameters of each
class. 10
4. (a) Calculate the CRC for a 10 bit sequence

1010011110 with a divisor of 1011.
Note : Show all steps and calculations. 10
(b) Compare Time Division Multiplexing
(TDM) and Frequency Division
Multiplexing (FDM). Give the advantage
and disadvantage (if any) of both TDM and
FDM. 10
BCS-041 2
5. Write short notes on the following : 45=20

(a) CSMA/CD
(b) IEEE 802.3
(c) Frame Relay
(d) OSI Model
BCS-041 3 P.T.O.
[2] BCS-041
(e) What is CRC ? Calculate CRC, if the

message is x 7  x 5  1 and the generator
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER polynomial is x 3  1. 10
APPLICATIONS (BCA) (REVISED)

(f) What is classful addressing ? How is it
Term-End Examination different from classless addressing ? How
December, 2021 does classless addressing result in the
BCS-041 : FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER decrease of the table size ? 10
NETWORKS
2. (a) Differentiate between pure ALOHA and
slotted ALOHA. If the throughput of pure
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt
ALOHA is S = Ge2G , show that the
any three questions from the rest. Use of
maximum throughput (Smax ) is 0.184. 10
calculator is allowed.
(b) What is Windowing ? How are flow control

1. (a) Differentiate between parallel and serial
and reliability achieved through
communication. Give an example of each. 5
windowing at transport layer ? 10
(b) Discuss the importance of DHCP and
SNMP at the application layer of TCP/IP 3. (a) Explain the working of ARP, using a
model. 5 diagram. How does ARP differ from
(c) Compare POP and IMAP. 5 RARP ? Explain. 10
(d) What are Quality of Services (QoS) of
(b) Discuss the advantages of IPv6 over IPv4.
network ? List any two techniques to
improve QoS. 5 5
P. T. O.

[3]
(c) Discuss the importance of DHCP and

BOOTP at the application layer of TCP/IP
model. 5
4. (a) Write the step by step working of lmk state

routing. Also, compare it with distance
vector routing. 10
(b) Write the components of address field in

the Frame Relay Protocol Data Unit
(PDU). Also, explain the significance of
each component. 10
5. Write short notes on the following : 4×5=20
(a) Circuit Switching
(b) GSM Architecture
(c) 3G Network
(d) Fibre Optic Cables
BCS–041


(BCA) (Revised)
June, 2022

NETWORKS
Note : Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

three questions from the rest. Use of calculator is
allowed.
1. (a) Briefly discuss the term CRC. Determine

the CRC for the data polynomial
X5 + X4 + X2 + 1 with generator polynomial
X3 + 1. 7
(b) Explain how routing and switching is done

in ATM network. 10
(c) Differentiate between Classful addressing

and Classless addressing. Explain how
classless addressing results in decrease in
table size. 10
BCS-041 1 P.T.O.
(d) What is a Congestion Control Mechanism ?

Discuss slow start phase of TCP congestion
control mechanism through an illustration. 7
(e) What do 10Base-T and 100Base-T stand
for ? Also, differentiate between the two. 6
2. (a) Compare Ring topology and Mesh topology,

in terms of the following parameters : 6
(i) Requirement of cable
(ii) Reliability
(iii) Performance of network by adding
extra nodes
(b) What is Count-to-Infinity problem ?

Explain. 4
(c) Explain the multiplicative decrease process,
with respect to congestion control. 4
(d) What is Silly Window Syndrome ? What are
the proposed solutions to this syndrome ? 6
3. (a) Answer the following :

(i) Given the network address
125.0.0.0, find the class, the block
and the range of the address. 3
(ii) How can we prove that we have
2, 147, 483, 648 addresses in
class A ? 2
(b) Discuss the pros and cons of a wireless
communication system. 5
BCS-041 2
(c) How does MD5 message digest algorithm

work ? Explain. 5
(d) Explain Client-Server model of network,
with the help of a diagram. 5
4. (a) Discuss the parity bit method for error

detection ? Suppose a bit sequence
110001010111 is received. Assume odd
parity bit method is used. Find whether
received bit sequence is correct or not. 10
(b) Explain X.25 architecture, with the help of
a diagram. 10
5. Write short notes on the following : 54=20
(a) Count-to-Infinity Problem in Distance

Vector Routing Protocol
(b) Quality of Service (QoS) of Network
(c) Functions of DHCP
(d) Functions of SNMP
(e) CSMA/CD
BCS-041 3 P.T.O.
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5. June 2013 BCS-041 2

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 1

No. of Printed Pages : 2 BCS-041

1. (a) Write any four differences between analog 4

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 2

2. (a) What is MD5 ? Write the steps for MD5 10

3. (a) Discuss distance vector routing with help 10

4. (a) Write the role of Data link layer in OSI 10

5. Write a short notes on the following : 20

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 3

No. of Printed Pages : 2 BCS-041

BCS-041 : FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

1. (a) What is the need of modulation ? 5

2. (a) Assume message M= 1010101010 bits and 10

3. (a) Discuss the functions performed by SNMP 10

4. (a) Write an advantages and one disadvantages 10

5. Write a short notes on the following : 20

No. of Printed Pages : 2 BCS-041

BCS-041 : FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

1. (a) What are the two sublayers of data link 7

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 6

2. (a) Compare and contrast between Amplitude 10

3. (a) Explain the importance of Time Division 10

4. (a) Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6. Also, 10

5. Write short notes on the following : 20

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 7

Note : Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three

1. (a) Differentiate between single mode and

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 8

2. (a) Write the steps for Message Digest 5 (MD5)

(b) Explain the importance of Sliding Window

3. (a) What is NIC ? Write the techniques used

(b) What are the advantages and

(c) Find the class of following IPv4 addresses : 4

4. (a) What is ICMP ? Discuss the ICMP message

(b) Differentiate between pure ALOHA and

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 9

5. Write short notes on the following : 20

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 10

No. of Printed Pages : 3 BCS-041

BCS-041 : FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three

1. (a) Why is serial data transmission faster than

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 11

(f) What is Windowing ? How is flow control

2. (a) Write a difference between pure ALOHA

(b) Explain the working of 3-way handshake

3. (a) Calculate CRC, if the message is x 7 + x5 +

(b) Explain the working of ARP using a

4. (a) Explain RSA algorithm with example. 10

(b) What is the difference between classful

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 12

5. Write short notes on the following : 4x5=20

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ Page No. 13