UNIT - 2

Unit-02/Lecture-01
Solution of algebraic & transcendental equations by regula falsi method

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 Unit-02/Lecture-01
[RGPV DEC(2013)] [7]

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 Unit-02/Lecture-01
[RGPV JUNE(2014)] [7]

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 Unit-02/Lecture-01

S.NO RGPV QUESTIONS Year Marks

Q.1 Define algebraic and transcendental equations. RGPV,DEC 2
2014

Q. 2 The equation x  x  x  1  0 ,has one real root RGPV,DEC 3

6 4 3

between 1.4 and 1.5 . find the root to four decimal places 2014
by the method of false position.

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 Unit-02/Lecture-02
[RGPV JUNE(2014)] [2]
Newton Raphson Method

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 Unit-02/Lecture-02

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 Unit-02/Lecture-02

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 Unit-02/Lecture-02
[RGPV JUNE(2002)] [7]

S.NO RGPV QUESTIONS Year Marks

Q.1 Find the smallest positive root of the equation RGPV,DEC, 2014 2
x3  2 x  0.5  0 by Newton raphson method.
Q. 2 Find the negative root of the equation RGPV,DEC 2013 7
x3  21x  3500  0 correct to 2 decimal places by
newton raphson method.

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 Unit-02/Lecture-03
Iterative Method

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 Unit-02/Lecture-03
[RGPV MARCH(2010),JUNE(2003,2008,2010),FEB(2005,2010)] [7]

S.NO RGPV QUESTIONS Year Marks

Q.1 Find the root of the equation 3x  cos x  1 by RGPV,JUNE 2014 3
iterative method correct to 2 decimal places.
Q. 2 Find the cube root of 15 correct to four significant RGPV, DEC 2010 7
figures by iterative method.

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 Unit-02/Lecture-04
[RGPV JUNE(2007)] [7]
Secant Method

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 Unit-02/Lecture-04

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 Unit-02/Lecture-04

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 Unit-02/Lecture-05
[RGPV DEC(1999)] [7]
Solution of simultaneous linear equations by gauss elimination method

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 Unit-02/Lecture-05

S.NO RGPV QUESTIONS Year Marks

Q.1 Solve by gauss elimination method the following RGPV JUNE 7
system of equations: 2013
10x+y+2z=13 ,3x+10y+z=14 , 2x+3y+10z=15.

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 Unit-02/Lecture-06
[RGPV DEC(2001)] [7]
Gauss Jordan Method

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 Unit-02/Lecture-06

S.NO RGPV QUESTIONS Year Marks

Q.1 Apply gauss Jordan method to find the solution of the RGPV DEC 7
following system of equation: 2014
10x+y+z=12 , 2x+10y+z=13 , x+y+5z=7

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 Unit-02/Lecture-07
Crouts method

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 Unit-02/Lecture-07

S.NO RGPV QUESTIONS Year Marks

Q.1 Solve the following equations by crouts method RGPV DEC 7
10x+y+z=12 , 2x+10y+z=13 , 2x+2y+10z=14 2013

Q.2 Solve the following equations by the application of crouts RGPV DEC 7
triangularization(LU) method : 2010
2x-3y+10z=3, -x+4y+2z=20 , 5x+2y+z=-12

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 Unit-02/Lecture-08
Jacobi’s method

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 Unit-02/Lecture-08

S.NO RGPV QUESTIONS Year Marks

Q.1 Solve the following equations by crouts method RGPV DEC 7
10x+y+z=12 , 2x+10y+z=13 , 2x+2y+10z=14 2013

Q.2 Solve the following equations by the application of crouts RGPV DEC 7
triangularization(LU) method : 2010
2x-3y+10z=3, -x+4y+2z=20 , 5x+2y+z=-12

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 Unit-02/Lecture-09
Gauss-seidel iterative method

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 S.NO RGPV QUESTIONS Year Marks
Q.1 Solve the following equations by gauss seidal method RGPV DEC 7
20x+y-2z=17 , 3x+20y-z=-18 , 2x-3y+20z=25 2013

Q.2 Solve the following equations by gauss seidal method : RGPV DEC 7
8x-y+z=18, 2x+5y-2z=3 , x+2y-3z=-6 2014
Q. 3 Solve the following equations by using gauss seidal RGPV JUNE 7
method : 2011
27x+6y-z=85, 6x+15y+2z=72 , x+y+54z=110

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 Unit-02/Lecture-10
Error and approximations
Absolute error, relative error and percentage errors.

Absolute error is the numerical difference between the true value and
approximate value of a quantity.
If X is true value and X’ is approximate value then X —X’ is called absolute
error.

Truncation and round off error in numerical calculations.

Truncation errors : They are caused by using approximate results or on
replacing
an infinite process by a finite one.

Round off errors : They arise when a calculated figure is rounded off to a
fixed
number of digits to represent the exact figure, the difference between such
rounded figure and exact figure is called round off error.
e.g. Round off 35.46735 correct to four significant digits.
Number rounded off to four significant digits = 35.47.
Types of errors arise in numerical calculations.

In numerical calculations we come across following types of errors

(a) Inherent errors
(b) Rounding errors
(c) Truncation errors
(d) Absolute errors
(e) Relative errors
(J) Percentage errors.

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 Unit-02/Lecture-10

Q. 1.4. Explain rounding off errors and explain how to reduce it.

Sol. Rounding off errors-These errors arise from The process of rounding off the numbers during
the computation. These errors can be reduced:
(a) By changing the calculation procedure so as to avoid subraction of nearly equal number or
division by a small number.
(b) By retairing at least one more significant digit at each step and rounding off at last step.

Q. 1.5. Define absolute, relative and percentage errors by giving suitable example.

Sol. Absolute error:

2. If the first significant figure of no. is K and the no. is correct to n significant

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 Unit-02/Lecture-10

Q. 1.6. Find the no. of terms of logarithm series such that value of log 1.02 is correct to
three decimals.

Q. 1.7. The error in the measurement of area of circle is not allowed to exceed 0.1 %• How
accurately should the diameter be measured?

Q. 1.14. Differentiate inherent errors and Truncation errors.

Ans. Inherent Errors : The interent error is that quantity which is already present in the statement of
problem before its solution.
These errors arise either due to limitations of Mathematical tables, calculators and computers.
The inherent errors further classified as
(a) Data Errors (b) Conversion Error.
Truncation Error : The truncation error arised by using approximate results or on
replacing infinite process by finite one. Suppose we have

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 Reference
Book Author

Higher Engg. Mathematics B.S.Grewal

Engg. Mathematics - III Dr. D.C.Agarwal

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