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Prblem Solving BN

This document discusses problem solving, creativity, and decision making. It defines a problem and outlines the problem solving cycle, which includes identifying the problem, defining it, formulating strategies, organizing information, monitoring progress, and evaluating the solution. It also discusses different types of problems like well-structured vs ill-defined problems. Obstacles to problem solving are restrictions that make it difficult to get from the initial state to the goal state. Emotions can influence how people implement the problem solving cycle.

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tkesharwani2002
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17 views9 pages

Prblem Solving BN

This document discusses problem solving, creativity, and decision making. It defines a problem and outlines the problem solving cycle, which includes identifying the problem, defining it, formulating strategies, organizing information, monitoring progress, and evaluating the solution. It also discusses different types of problems like well-structured vs ill-defined problems. Obstacles to problem solving are restrictions that make it difficult to get from the initial state to the goal state. Emotions can influence how people implement the problem solving cycle.

Uploaded by

tkesharwani2002
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chap 4--PROBLEM SOLVING,

CREATIVITY AND DECISION MAKING

Problem: Definition, problem solving


cycle, types, obstacles and aids

Balaji Niwlikar

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Problem
⚫ Problem =sth that is difficult to deal with.
⚫ Think of your favorite restaurant. What is its
name? Where is it? What are its best dishes?
What makes it your favorite?
⚫ Solve this problem: If 10 apples cost $2, how
much do 3 apples cost?
⚫ Create unusual but appropriate titles for the
drawings. Ex “Giant egg on a baseball diamond”
⚫ Consider whether a change in one of your
school’s policies (for example, dropping all
distribution requirements) would have overall
beneficial or harmful effects.

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Problem
⚫ Problem contain 3 stages –
• Initial stage-beginning
1 of problem

• Goal stage-when you


2 solved problem

• Obstacle- restrictions
3

⚫ Obstacle – the restrictions that makes it


difficult to proceed from the initial state to
the goal state (Devidson 1994)
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Understanding The Problem
1. In problem solving research –Constructing
a mental representation of the problem
,based on the information provided in the
problem and your own previous
experiences (Robertson, 2001).
2. Need to construct an accurate mental
representation (Greena,1991).
1. Symbols
2. Metrics
3. Diagrams
4. Visual image
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The Problem-Solving Cycle
⚫ Problem solving=an effort to overcome
obstacles obstructing the path to a
solution (Reed, 2000).
⚫ The PS cycle includes: problem
identification, problem definition, strategy
formulation, organization of information,
allocation of resources, monitoring, and
evaluation (Bransford & Stein, 1993;
Pretz, Naples, & Sternberg, 2003).

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The Problem-Solving Cycle

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Role of Emotions in PS cycle -
⚫ Our emotions can influence how we
implement the problem-solving cycle
(Schwarz & Skurnik, 2003).
⚫ In groups with participants with high
measured EQ—emotional processing can
positively influence problem solving (Jordan &
Troth, 2004).
⚫ In mathematicians, the ability to regulate
their emotional state is related to higher
problem-solving ability (Carlson & Bloom,
2005).
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Types / Class of Problems
⚫ Problems can be categorized according to whether they
have clear paths to a solution (Davidson & Sternberg,
1984).
1. Well- structured /defined problems-
⚫ A clear goal present a small set of information to start
from, and often present a set of rules or guidelines to abide
by while you are working toward a solution.
⚫ Ex.“How do you find the area of a triangle ?”
⚫ move problems= such problems require a series of moves
to reach a final goal state.( story --vaag ani bakri ek manus n
ek boat)
2. ill -defined problems-
⚫ Don’t have their goals, starting information, or steps clearly
spelled out.
⚫ Ex- “How do you tie together two suspended strings, when
neither string is long enough to allow you to reach the
other string while holding either of the strings?”
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⚫ For more free study material visit to
https://www.careershodh.com/
⚫ If you like it, share with others !

⚫Thank you!!
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