Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

CHAPTER 7
THE DETERMINERS

PRE-TEST
Direction: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see
five words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E). Choose the one word or phrase
that the best complete the sentence.

1. …… rubber duck is floating in the A. a little

bath. B. a
A. the C. flinty
B. an D. some
C. a E. much
D. some
7. I have …… energy to finish this
E. any
work. How about you?
2. How …… money do you have? A. a lot of
A. many B. a few
B. much C. many
C. some D. an
D. a few E. the
E. a lot of
8. …… her friends agreed with her that
3. She doesn’t like …… noisy sounds. she looked overweight.
A. some A. A number of
B. any B. a little
C. many C. much
D. a few D. the
E. an E. an
4. Honest men speak …… truth. 9. …… of the students pays a
A. a membership fee to the English club.
B. the A. The
C. an B. A little
D. many C. Each
E. any D. A lot of
5. There aren’t …… books at the store. E. Much
A. a little
B. many 10. I have two brothers. One of them
C. flinty of lives in Canada. …… brother lives in
D. an Japan.
E. the A. Another
B. The other
6. I think we should put …… flowers C. Other
in this room. D. The
E. The one

217 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

A. What is Determiner?
A determiner is a word that modifies a noun , introduces a noun or provides information
about the quantity of a noun and to clarify what the noun refers to. It always comes
before a noun, not after.
Determiner Noun Noun Phrase Sentences
Determiner + Noun
a book a book I have a bag.
much money much money You have got much money in Bank.
a lot of books a lot of books They drank a lot of beer last night.
some plates some plates We have many books our library campus.
a few cars a few cars He has some plates.
a little sugar a little sugar There are a few cars in the garage.
two two brother She has two brothers.

Determiner Vs. Adjective

1. What does determiner mean? A determiner clarifies a general or specific noun.
2. What does adjective mean? An adjective modifies a noun.

Determiners and adjectives look similar because they both are placed before a noun.
Additionally, both adjectives and determiners provide greater detail to nouns.
However, a determiner shows the relationship of the noun to the speaker whereas an
adjective describes a quality of the noun.
Example.
• My brown dog barked.

‘ My ‘ is the determiner and ‘ brown ‘ is the adjective. The word, ‘ my ‘ shows the
dog’s relationship to the speaker, whereas ‘ brown ‘ is simply a quality of the dog.

B. The Types of Determiner

There are some types of ‘ determiner ‘ such as : (1) articles ; (2) demonstratives
adjective ; (3) possessives adjective ; (4) quantifiers, (5) numeral adjective ; (6)
distributive pronouns ; (7) difference words & (8) interrogative adjective.

1. Articles
Articles are words used with a noun that used to modify a noun in that they identify
specific or general. There are three types of article, such as: a, an & the.
• The usages of ‘ a‘:
a. ‘ A ‘ is used before a word which begins with a consonant.
Examples:

218 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

• There is a woman waiting for you.

• I have a dog at home.
• You told a story last night. etc.
b. ‘ A ‘ can be placed before a singular, countable noun.
Examples:
• A banana was all I had for lunch.
• There is a pen on the table, etc.
c. ‘ A ‘ can be used when we mention something for the first time.
Examples:
• I saw a dog. The dog is black.
• You met a beautiful girl in pub. The girl is Julia.
• They used a new technology to produce a good product. The technology was
imported from China. etc.
d. ‘ A ‘ is also placed before a word with a long sound of ‘ u ‘.
Examples:
• a university, a uniform, a useful book, a European, a unique opportunity.
• It would be a unique opportunity to travel in space, etc.
e. ‘ A ‘ is placed before the word ‘ one ‘ because ‘ one ‘ is pronounced ‘ wun
‘, as if it began with W.
Example:
• a one-way street, a one-eyed man, a one-year course, a one-day holiday, dll.
• I have a one-way ticket to travel from one place to another as I don't intend to
visit a place twice, etc.
• The usages of ‘ An ‘
a. ‘ An ‘ is placed before a noun which begins with a vowel.
Examples:
• They say an apple a day keeps the doctor away.
• You must use an umbrella to the place.
• The little boy is eating an egg now.
• They live in an island which is very small one, etc.
b. ‘ An ‘ is also used before a word which begins with a vowel sound or a silent
‘ h ‘.
Examples:
• an hour, an honest man, an heir, an honor, an honorable man.
• An hour passed and she still hadn't arrived, etc.

• The usages of ‘ The ‘

‘ The ‘ is the definite article as it identifies a definite or particular noun that we
know of. It is not about a noun that has not been mentioned beforehand or a
noun that we are unaware of.
Examples
the book, the man, the car, the table, the bag, dll

219 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

We use ‘the ‘ when a noun The car which is parking is mine.

is before of us. It is meant The books on the table are yours.
that the noun has already A: Who is the woman?
fixed. B: The woman is mam Estepan Pahala Simarmata.
We use ‘the ‘ when ‘ a I received a letter. The letter is from a former classmate.
noun’ mentioned the I saw a dog. The dog is black.
second time but for the first You met a beautiful girl in pub. The girl is Julia.
use ‘ a/an’. They used a new technology to produce a good product.
The technology was imported from China.
That is an apple. The apple is on the table.

2. Demonstratives Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives is used to point out specific nouns. They function as
adjectives when they are with a noun, and as pronouns when they are alone. There are
only four demonstrative adjectives: this, that, these and those.
a. ‘ This ‘ is used to point out noun that the noun can be reached (something near)
by a hand and the mount of the noun is singular.
Examples:
❖ This is a book!
❖ This is a bag!
❖ This is a hat, etc.

b. ‘ That ‘ is used to point out a noun that the noun cannot be reached
by a hand (something farther away) and the mount of the noun is singular.
Examples:
❖ That is a book!
❖ That is a bag!
❖ That is a hat! etc.
c. ‘ These ‘ is used to point out more than one the noun that the noun can be
reached by a hand and the mount of the noun is plural.

Examples
Singular Plural
This is a + Singular Noun These are + Plural Noun
This is a book. These are books.
This is a bag. These are bags.
This is a hat. These are hats.

d. ‘ Those ‘ is used to point out more than one the noun that the noun cannot be
reached by a hand (something farther away) and the mount of the noun is
plural.
Examples:
Examples
Singular Plural

220 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

That is a + Singular Noun Those are + Plural Noun

That is a book Those are books!
That is a bag! Those are bags!
That is a hat! Those are hats!

Thus, demonstrative adjectives can also modify nouns and are located in front
of the nouns they modify. They always answer the which?
Question: Which book?
Or Which book does belong to you?
Answer: This book.
‘This ’ is a modifier which modifies the noun ‘ book ‘.
Pattern:
❖ That + Noun: that pen…., that ruler…., etc.
❖ This + Noun: this book…., that car…., etc.
❖ These + Nouns: these bags…., these hats……, etc.
❖ Those + Nouns: those houses…., those chairs……, etc.
Examples:
This book belongs to my dad.
That man is very tall.
These bags are yellow.
Those houses are very expensive.

Note: This/that/those/these function as an adjective (modifier).

A demonstrative pronoun has an antecedent. A demonstrative adjective never
has an antecedent.
Pronoun: This is a new book.
Adjective: This book is new. (book follows closely after the demonstrative this)

3. Possessives Adjective
Possessive Adjective is used to express who owns (or ‘possesses ’ ) something. A
possessive adjective is used in front of a noun (a thing).
Personal Pronoun Personal Pronoun Personal Pronoun
as Subject as Object as Possessive Adjective
I me My
You you Your
We us Our
They them Their
She her His
He him Her
It it Its

221 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

Possessive Adjective + Noun

Possessive Noun Examples Sentences
Adjective
my dog My dog It is my dog.
your glasses Your glasses Those are your glasses.
our family Our family Our family is very friendly.
their house Their house Their house will be sold.
his darling His darling His darling lives in Surabaya.
her hair Her hair That is her cat.
its side Its side Turn the box on its side.

There are three functions of possessive adjective in sentences, as follows:

a. Possessive adjective as subjects :
❖ Her teaching is very nice.
❖ Your coming makes me angry.
❖ Their house will be sold.
❖ Our family is very friendly.
❖ His darling lives in Surabaya.
b. Possessive adjective as objects :
Many students like his explanations.
The man cut his hair very short.
The man took our payment bill last week.
c. Possessive adjective as subject compliment:
❖ It is my dog.
❖ That is her cat.
❖ Those are your glasses.
❖ This is their influence to the case.

Possessive Adjective Vs. Possessive Pronoun

Possessive pronouns show ownership of a person, place, or thing. Because they
are pronouns, a noun, also called an antecedent, must be used before a possessive
pronoun is used. Possessive pronouns may be in the absolute or adjective form.
Regardless, they replace nouns when they are used.
Possessive Possessive Possessive In Adjective Possessive in Pronoun
Adjective Pronoun Form Form

my mine Whose car is this? It’s mine.

your yours This is your house! This is yours.
our ours Are these his shoes? No, they’re ours.
their theirs Those are their toys. Those are theirs.
his his That’s actually his charger. That’s actually his
her hers Whose hat is that? That is hers
222 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu
Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

4. Quantifiers
A quantifier is a word that usually goes before a noun to express the quantity of the
object. The quantifier answer two questions:
• How much?
It is used for uncountable noun, such as: much money, a lot of dust, a little oil,
etc.
A: How much money do you need?
B: I need one thousand dollar.
• How many?
It is used for countable noun, such as: many books, a few friends, some cakes,
etc.
A: How many books does she use this semester?
B: She uses a lot of books.

There are three types of quantifiers to describe:

❖ small quantities : few / a few, little / a little
❖ large quantities : a lot, much, many
❖ undefined quantities :some, any
a. Small Quantity
❖ ‘A few ‘ expresses a small quantity which implies that something is not many. It
expresses a positive idea. While ‘ Few ‘ implies that something is not many, not
enough or almost none. It expresses a negative idea/value.

Positive Idea Negative Idea

a few close friends few close friends
a few hotels few hotels
a few houses few houses
a few books few books

Examples:
Positive Idea Negative Idea
• I have a few close friends in town, • I have few friends in town, so I feel lonely
and we have a very good time from time to time.
together.
• A few of my friends were there, so I • Few of my friends were there, so I was
was quite happy disappointed.
• Although there were a few of • Because there were few of participants
participants attending the seminar, attending the seminar, we canceled doing
we kept doing the program well. the program.

❖ ‘ A little ‘ expresses a small quantity. While ‘ Little ‘ implies that something is

not much, not enough or almost none. It expresses positive idea.

223 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

Positive Idea Negative Idea

a little milk little milk
a little money little money
a little time little time

Examples:

Positive Idea Negative Idea

We have a little milk Let’s make a We have little milk. We can’t make a cake.
cake.
I've got a little money left; let's go and A: Let's go and have a drink.
have a drink. B: I am sorry, I've got little money left.
We have a little time to spare, so let's A: Let's stop and have a cup of coffee for a
stop and have a cup of coffee. moment please?
B: Sorry, we have little time to spare.
Don’t worry; there's a little time left! Hurry up; there's little time left!

b. Large Quantity

‘ Much and Many ‘ are used to express that there is a large quantity of something.

❖ Much is used with uncountable nouns (always in the singular),

✓ much money
✓ much coffee
✓ much water
✓ much butter
Examples:
They don't have much money to buy a present.
My mom needs much water to clean the floor.
There is much ink in the tank.
I don’t have much money now.
Do you have got much news today?

❖ Many is used with countable nouns in the plural.

✓ many stamps
✓ many influences
✓ many postcards
✓ many students
✓ many books
Examples:
I don't have many English stamps in my collection.
She has got many influences on you.
I have many postcards.
There are many students in the class.

224 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

❖ A lot of is used in all forms. Instead of A lot of, we can use lots of. Lots of is an informal
form of a lot of . But ‘ a Lot of’ is used only in positive sentences both in countable and
uncountable noun.
a lot of pens
lots of story books.
a lot of milk
lots of oxen

Examples:
There are a lot of pen in my bag.
I have got lots of story books.
There is a lot of milk in the jug.
She has lots of oxen on the farm.

Addition to that, plenty of, numerous, a large number of ‘ can be used to mention a
large quantity of something for countable noun & uncountable noun but in positive
sentence only.
a lot of plenty of numerous a large number of
a lot of bus stops plenty of bus stops numerous bus stops a large number of bus stops
a lot of story books plenty of story books numerous story books a large number of story books
a lot of milk plenty of milk numerous milk a large number of milk
a lot of oxen plenty of oxen numerous oxen a large number of oxen
a lot of stamps plenty of stamps numerous stamps a large number of stamps
a lot of influences plenty of influences numerous influences a large number of influences
a lot of postcards plenty of postcards numerous postcards a large number of postcards
a lot of students plenty of students numerous students a large number books
a lot of books plenty of books numerous books

Examples:

225 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

There are a lot of bus stops in Bornova. (countable noun)

I have got lots of story books. ( countable noun)
There is a lot of milk in the jug. (uncountable noun)
She has lots of oxen on the farm. (uncountable noun)
There are plenty of bus stops in Bornova. (countable noun)
I have got plenty of story books. ( countable noun)
There is plenty of milk in the jug. (uncountable noun)
She has plenty of oxen on the farm. (uncountable noun)
There are numerousbus stops in Bornova. (countable noun)
I have got numerousstory books. ( countable noun)
There is numerousmilk in the jug. (uncountable noun)
She has numerousoxen on the farm. (uncountable noun)
There are a large number bus stops in Bornova. (countable noun)
I have got a large number story books. ( countable noun)
There is a large number milk in the jug. (uncountable noun)
She has a large number oxen on the farm. (uncountable noun)

c. Undefined /Neutral Quantifiers

Some and Any are both quantifiers and articles. In many contexts, some is the plural
indefinite article, the plural of ‘ a ‘ or ‘ an ‘ ; but more often, some implies a limited
quantity, and for this reason has the value of a quantifier.

❖ ‘ Some ’ means a little, a few or small number or amount. ‘ Some ’ is used in

affirmative or positive sentences for countable and uncountable nouns
Examples:
She has some friends in London.
I usually drink some wine with my meal.
There is some dust on the floor.
There are some postcards in my bag.
❖ ‘ Any ’ means one, small or all. It is used with negative sentences. When asking
questions and when a sentence is grammatically positive, but the meaning of the sentence
is negative. ANY is the negative or interrogative of SOME.
Examples:
Do you have any ice cream left for me?
My brother never does any chores.
There aren’t any people on the moon.
A: Are there any doctors in your family?
B: Yes, there are some doctors in my family.
‘ Any ‘ can be used for countable & uncountable nouns.
Examples:
Do you have any cheese? ( un countable)
He doesn't have any friends in Paris. ( countable)

Several & A Number of & Any as addition for undefined /neutral quantifiers

226 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

❖ ‘ Several & A Number of ‘ imply ‘ more than one, but less than a lot ‘ . They are
not usually used in negative or interrogative structures, only in affirmative statements.
For examples:
Examples:
There are several books / a number of books on the table now.
Several people / a number of people said that they'd seen the missing child.
❖ ‘ Enough ‘ is used to indicate the necessary amount or quantity; it is placed
before nouns. it is used in affirmations, negations and questions.
Pattern: Enough + Noun
✓ enough money
✓ enough information
✓ enough facilities
✓ enough participants
Examples:
We can get tickets for the concert; I've got enough money now.
Have you got enough money for the tickets?

5. Numbers Adjective
Numeral Adjective is the adjective which is used to show the number of noun. There are three
types of numeral adjective as follow: definite numeral adjective, indefinite numeral adjective,
and distributive numeral adjective.

a. Definitive numeral adjective is the adjective that is used to denote an exact number of noun.
There are two kinds of definitive numeral adjective.
• Ordinal number: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, etc.
• Cardinal number: first, second, third, fourth, fifth, etc.
Examples:
Ankor temple has got five towers.
I have bought six goo books.
Markus is the third child in his family.
Who was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize for Physics?
Each hand has five fingers.
Monday is the second day of the week.

b. Indefinite Numeral Adjectives indicate an indefinite number, such as: some,

many, few, all, no, several.
Examples:
I have bought some mangoes.
There were few children in the class.
I have bought all the tickets available.
There are no birds on the tree.
The man has several hotels around here.

227 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

Note that indefinite numeral adjectives can also be used as adjectives of quantity.
When they are used as adjectives of quantity, they are followed by singular uncountable
nouns, for examples:
I have bought some eggs. (Indefinite numeral adjective)
I have bought some milk. (Adjective of quantity)

c. Distributive Numeral Adjectives are considered as the same as distributive

adjectives, such as: each, every, either, neither.
Examples:
Each hand has five fingers.
Every child needs love.
Either method is correct.
Neither method is wrong.
Distributive numeral adjectives can be for singular noun and singular verb but it is
followed with preposition ‘ of ’.
Examples:
✓ Each of the men is my uncle.
✓ Every one of the girls creates a new innovation today.
✓ Neither of the methods is wrong.
✓ Either of the methods is correct.

Distributive numeral adjectives should be followed by a singular noun and a singular verb.
However, we use a plural noun and a singular verb after each of, every one of, either of and
neither of, for examples:
Either of the methods is correct. (NOT Either of the method is correct.)

6. Distributive Pronouns
Distributive Pronouns, which refer to persons or things taken one at a time. The distributive
pronouns are: each, every, another, other, all, both, half, either, and neither. Distributive is
the adjective that is used to cache one noun. The distributive pronouns are always singular and
as such it should be followed by a singular noun and verb.

a. ‘ Each of ‘ is used to denote every one of a number of person or things taken singly. “
Each of ‘ is followed by singular verb. Before a noun with a determiner ( the, my, this etc.
) we use 'each of '.
Examples:
Each of seven boys was fined.
Each of the girls gets a prize.
Each boy was given a prize.
Each took it in turn.
Each student is very friendly.

Each is used both as a pronoun and as a determiner. When it is used as a determiner, it

occurs with singular countable nouns. EACH refers to two or more persons/things and
expresses individual reference:
When I met three friends of mine, I gave a flower to each.
Each student should prepare a report on his M.A. thesis

228 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

b. ‘ Every ‘ is usually followed by a singular noun and verb. It is used when referring to all
the members of a group of three or more. It can be used before a plural noun in expressions
that refers to intervals
Examples:
• every time
• every soldier
• every player
• every student
• every four years
• every two month
• every few weeks
Examples:
You make me laugh every time you lie.
Every soldier fought bravely.
Every player does the best.
Every student studies seriously today.
The teacher knows every student in the school.
I enjoyed every minute of my stay in Africa.

c. Everybody or Everyone or Everything are used in reference to 'all people', and

everything, use in reference to 'all things', are followed by singular verbs.
Examples:
Everybody is expecting him to say a few words.
Everyone does the best today.
I suppose that everything is worth seeing.

Both Everybody and Everyone take apostrophe -s genitives, for examples:

Everybody’s
Everyone’s.

d. ‘ All ‘ is used with singular uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns
Examples:
You must eat all the meat that is on your plate.
All students are kindly requested to attend our next meeting.

As well as with temporal nouns, which often do not take any article ‘the’.
Examples:
I've been working all day. ( all the day adalah salah)
I've been working all night. ( all the night adalah salah)
All can be put on the last ‘ of it / of them’.
Examples:
A: Have you seen all of it?
B : Yes. I've seen it all.
All of them are my students.

229 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

e. Both is a dual pronoun, which means that it refers only to two. It is often used for emphasis
Examples:
Both (the) sisters are very tall.
Both (the ) boys are naughty.
All & Both can be used as subject without mention the noun.
Examples:
Without mention the noun Mention the noun after Both & All

Both went to Paris. Both the sisters are very tall.

All must arrive here soon. Both the boys are naughty.
All should be demolished. All the houses should be demolished.

All & Both for special constructions.

Examples:
X : Were all/both students present in your lecture?
Y : Yes, they all/both were.
Or Yes, they were all/both present.
X : Did he meet all/both the colleagues?
Y : Yes, he met them all/both

All & Both for continuous form’.

Examples:
Yesterday, they were all studying French. ( past continuous tense )
Now , they are both studying French. ( present continuous tense )

f. ‘ Either ‘ means the one or the other of two. It is used as pronouns and determiners Either
is followed by singular verb.
Examples:
Either girl can do that.
Either road leads to the railway station.
Mr. Mario could shoot very well with his either foot.
Either of these two boys is at fault.
Either of these two roads leads to Lahore.
There are shops on either side of street.
Have you seen either of these?

‘ Either ‘ & negative verb are used for negotiation that placed at the last sentence
Examples:
I don't hate either.
He doesn’t tell the case either.

g. ‘ Neither ‘ means not the one nor the other of two. It is the negative of either. ‘ Neither
‘ is preferred at the beginning of a sentence.
Examples:
Neither of them wanted to visit her in hospital.

230 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

He is lucky, neither foot showed anything wrong.

Neither answer is correct.
Neither of the girls can do that.
I like neither of his parents.
I like neither apples nor oranges.
Neither book was of any use to him.
‘ Neither ‘ is also used for negative answer.
Example:
A: Which will you buy?
B: Neither
A: Which one would like to drink and eat?
B: Neither
h. ‘ Either & Neither ’ should be used only in speaking of two persons or things. When
more than two persons or things are spoken of, any, no one or none should be used, for
examples:
Examples:
None of the three answers is correct.
(NOT neither of the three answers is correct.)
We invited several friends, but none came.
(NOT … but neither came.)
You can take any of the three shirts.
(NOT you can take either of the three shirts.)
7. Different Words
a. Another is an adjective which expresses quantity. It means 'additional' or 'one more'.
Examples:
There are six people for dinner but there are only 5 plates. We need another
plate.
This cake is delicious. Could I have another slice please?
Please give me another chance. I promise to try harder.
Another + singular nonspecific countable noun
Examples:
Let's meet another day.
I'd like another piece of cake.

b. Other is an adjective meaning 'different' which can be used with singular or plural nouns.
Examples:
There's some water left in this bottle. The other bottle is empty. (singular)
Some children learn quickly but other children need more time. (plural)
I'm not happy with this product. Next time I'll buy an other brand. (singular)
I can't find my other shoe. (singular)
Have you got any other questions? (plural)

Other + plural or uncountable nonspecific noun

Examples:
Other people have problems, too.
This book has other information.
231 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu
Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

The Other + plural or uncountable nonspecific noun

Examples:
80% of the students arrive on time. The others are always late.
OR: 80% of the students arrive on time. The other students are always late.
There are two cookies left. You have one and I'll have the other.
OR: There are two cookies left. You have one and I'll have the other cookies.
Only half of the guests have arrived. Where are the others?
OR: Only half of the guests have arrived. Where are the others?

c. The Other + specific noun (singular, plural, countable or uncountable)

Examples:
I have two brothers. One of them lives in Canada. The other brother lives in
Japan.
I go to school on Monday and Thursday. I work on the other days of the week.

The nouns (brother & days) in both sentences are specific.

Example-1:
What brother lives in Japan? The other brother. The speaker said he has two
brothers. He told you where the first brother lives, so the other brother must be
his second brother. This is a specific brother (not general). You know what brother
he is talking about.
Example-2:
What days of the week does he work on? Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday. The
speaker said he goes to school on Monday and Thursday. You know that the other
days of the week are Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday. So the speaker says ‘ the
other ‘ because it is clear what other days of the week he works on. Specifically,
they are Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday.

8. Interrogative Adjective
Interrogative adjectives are used to modify nouns and pronouns. They are called
‘interrogative’ because they are usually used to ask questions. Interrogative
adjectives are also known as interrogative determiners. There are some kind of
Interrogative adjectives, such as: what, whose, which.
Examples:
Which team won the match is not our problem.
What food have you never eaten but would like to try?
Which group do you think is the winner?
Whose superpowers would you most like to have?
Which topics do you think are more important for the exam?

In each of the examples, the interrogative adjective modifies the noun it immediately
precedes: team, food, group, superpower, topics, and boys,

What vs. Which

232 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

Although what and which are often interchangeable, there is a subtle difference
between the two.
Generally, we use ‘what ‘ when the amount of possible answers is unknown or
unlimited, and we use ‘ which ‘ when we either know how many choices there are, or
we consider the options to be more limited. Think about the difference between these
two sentences:
➢ What present do you think you’ll get for Christmas?
➢ Which present do you think you’ll get for Christmas?

In the first sentence, the speaker does not have any idea how many possible presents
there are. In the second sentence, it seems that the speaker does have an idea of what
the presents may be, and that the choices are limited.
Let’s look at a similar example:

➢ What movie do you want to see?

➢ Which movie do you want to see?

Again, in the first sentence, it seems like the options are unlimited, while in the second
sentence, the speaker may have been discussing two or three movies with the listener,
and they are trying to make a final decision.

Whose
Whose is an adjective that denotes possession, or belonging. We can use it to ask
who the owner of an object is. For example:
➢ Whose socks are on the floor?
➢ Whose book is this?
➢ Whose turn is it?
In these examples, the speaker is trying to find out who the socks,
book, and turn belong to.

Indirect questions
Interrogative adjectives can also appear within indirect questions. When this happens,
they appear in the middle of the sentence, but they still immediately precede the modified
noun. Some indirect questions are used to express politeness:
Examples:
➢ Could you tell me whose socks are on the floor?
➢ Would you mind telling me which way is north?
➢ Do you know what day it is?
Other indirect questions are used to ask for clarifying information, or to convey surprise.
Examples:
➢ You want which computer for Christmas?
➢ You’re going out with whose brother?
➢ He wants to watch what movie?
In such cases, emphasis is put on the interrogative adjective—we can hear the stress
on the words when we say the sentences aloud.

233 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

In reported questions
Interrogative adjectives also appear in the middle of reported questions. Reported
questions are also indirect; they tell us about questions.
Examples:
➢ You want which computer for Christmas?
➢ You’re going out with whose brother?
➢ He wants to watch what movie?

Reported questions
Interrogative adjectives dapat juga muncul di tengah kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai
reported questions untuk indirect. Perhatikan contoh berikut:
➢ She wants to know whose socks are on the floor.
➢ He asked which way was north.
➢ I asked you what day it was.

Interrogative Adjectives vs. Interrogative Pronouns

The most common mistake regarding interrogative adjectives is confusing them with
interrogative pronouns. This is because all three interrogative adjectives, what, which,
and whose, can also function as interrogative pronouns. An easy way to be sure
whether you are dealing with an interrogative adjective or an interrogative pronoun is
to check whether the question word is immediately followed by the noun it modifies,
like in all the examples that we have seen. Look at the following examples:

No Interrogative Pronoun Interrogative Adjective

1 What should I buy for the next semester? What books should I buy for the next
semester?
In this sentence, what is not Note: In this example, what is immediately
immediately followed by a noun that it followed by the noun book. We can be sure
modifies, which means that in this case, that, in this case, what is an interrogative
it is an interrogative pronoun. adjective.
Which must be upgraded to speed up my Which hardware component must be
2 computer? upgraded to speed up my computer?
In this sentence, which is not Note: In this example, which is immediately
immediately followed by a noun that it followed by the noun hardware component.
modifies, which means that in this case, We can be sure that, in this case, what is
it is an interrogative pronoun. an interrogative adjective.

3 Whose did he use for the last Whose sophisticated laptop did he use for the
presentation? last presentation?
In this sentence, whose is not In this example, whose is immediately
immediately followed by a noun that it followed by the noun sophisticated laptop. We

234 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

modifies, which means that in this case, can be sure that, in this case, what is
it is an interrogative pronoun. an interrogative adjective.

EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Fill in the blanks with “a, an, the “articles. Put” x “where no article is
necessary.
Separate answers with a comma and a space as needed.

1. Cooper …… useful metal.

2. He is not …… honorable man.
3. …… able man has not always a distinguished look.
4. Honest men speak …… truth.
5. Brown is ……young American.
6. Do you see …… Blue sky?
7. He returned after …… hour.
8. …… school will shortly close for the Puja holiday.
9. …… sun shines brightly.
10. I first met him …… year ago.
11. Yesterday …… European called at my office.

235 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

12. French is …… easy language.

13. Who is …… girl sitting three?
14. Mumbai is …… very costly place to live in.
15. She is …… untidy girl.
16. The children found …… egg in the nest.
17. Which is ……longest river in India?
18. I bought…… horse, …… ox, and …… buffalo.
19. English is …… language of …… people of England.
20. The guide knows …… way.
21. Sri Langka is …… island.
22. Let us discuss …… matter seriously.
23. John got …… best present.
24. Man, thou art ……Wonderful animal.
25. India is one of …… most industrial countries in Asia.

EXERCISE 2
Direction: Fill in the blanks with “a, an, the, or leave blank.

TEXT-1
Today is my first day in (1) …… school. My mother accompanied me to school. We
took (2) …… bus in the morning. When we arrived in (3) …… school, we were greeted
by (4) …… Mrs. Tan, (5) …… principal. Soon (6) …… bell rang and it was time to go to
our class. I bid goodbye to my mother. Before she left, she gave me (7) …… apple, (8)
…… slice of cake and (9) …… bottle of water.

TEXT-2
Last week, I went to the zoo. At (10) …… zoo, I saw (11) …… tigers, (8) …… lions,
(12) …… elephants and (13) …… ape. I (14) …… also watched the animal show. (15)
keeper did some tricks(16) …… polar bear and (17) …… whale. It was (18) …… fun day

TEXT-3
I have just moved to (19) …… house in (20) …… bridge street. Yesterday (21) ……
man knocked at my door. He asked me for (22) …… meal and ( 22) …… glass of beer.
(23) …… beggar stood on his head and sang (24) …… song. I gave him (25) …… meal.
He ate (26) …… food and drank(27) …… beer. Then he put (28) …… piece of cheese in
his pocket and went away. Every body knows him. His name is Brown. He calls at every
house in (29) …… street once (30) …… month and always asks for meals and (31) ……
glass of beer.

TEXT-4
(31) …… woman is walking toward (32) …… store. She is crying. (33) …… basket
on her hand. (34) …… basket is made of bamboo( 35) …… child is following (36)
……woman. She knows that (37) …… child wants to help her carry (38) …… basket.
They are entering (39) …… store now.
EXERCISE 3
Direction: Choose the correct demonstrative adjective to complete the sentences!

236 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

1. …… book is expensive. ( this-these)

2. …… cat is small. (that-those)
3. …… pens are blue. (this-these)
4. …… movie is funny. (that-those)
5. …… airplanes are very big.(that-those)
6. …… morning is perfect for a walk. (this-these)
7. …… car is expensive. (those-that)
8. …… candy is delicious. (this-these)
9. …… children are cold. (that-those)
10. …… food is healthy. (this-those)
11. …… pencils in my hand are small. (these-those)
12. …… room is very small. (that-those)
13. …… pens are blue. (this- these)
14. …… movie is funny. (those –that)
15. …… airplanes are very big. (those –that)
16. …… morning is perfect for a walk. (this –these)
17. …… car is expensive. (those- that)
18. …… candy is delicious. (this –these)
19. …… children are cold. (those -that)
20. …… food is healthy. (this these)
21. Please take …… video back to the store. ( that- those)
22. …… people were freezing cold outside in the winter! (those-this)
23. Do you like …… book or that book? ( those-this)
24. Over here, ……my T-shirt. (that is-this is)
25. Over there, …… Michael's goggles. (these are-that is

EXERCISE 4
Direction: Complete the sentences with a possessive adjective (my, you, his, her, its, our
or their).
Examples:
This bicycle belongs to me. This is my bicycle.
These pencils belong to you. These are your pencils.
1 That book belongs to her. That is …… book.
2 This apartment belongs to them. This is …… apartment.
3 This parrot belongs to me. This is …… parrot.
4 These socks belong to him. These are …… socks.
5 These shoes belong to me. Those are …… shoes.
6 Those shirts belong to her. Those are …… shirts.
7 That T-shirt belongs to my uncle. That’s …… T-shirt.
8 That camera belongs to my wife. That’s …… camera.
9 This dog belongs to my children. This is …… dog.
10 That ball belongs to my dog. That’s …… ball.
11 This money belongs to you. This is …… money.
12 This car belongs to us. This is …… car.
13 This park belongs to everyone. This is ……park.
237 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu
Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

14 This motorcycle belongs to Mrs. Thompson. This is …… motorcycle.

15 Those magazines belong to her. Those are …… magazines.
16 These glasses belong to me. They are …… glasses.
17 Those books belong to my husband. They are ……books.
18 This house belongs to my friends. This is …… house.
19 That basket belongs to my cat. That is …… basket.
20 This video belongs to her. This is …… video.

EXERCISE 5
Direction: In the following sentences, fill in the gaps with one of the following
determiners: Some, Any:
1. Ann should eat …….. fresh fruit.
2. He did not think that …….. one of us could manage to solve it.
3. He doesn't want …….. cakes, but he would like to have …….. lemonade.
4. She asked me for…….. magazines, but I could not find ……..
5. The girls didn't bring …….. towels with them so I lent them …….. of mine
6. We don't have …….. time now, I'm afraid. We will drop by when we have …….. time.
7. Help yourself to …….. of these biscuits. You may have …….. of those sweets, too.
8. Do you have …….. coins with you ? I need …….. to put in the parking meter
9. Could you go to the shop to buy me …….. bread ? There isn't …….. left in the house.
10. Didn't you meet…….. of your friends at the party last night ? I was sure …….. of them
would be there.

EXERCISE 6
Direction: Choose the correct determiners in the brackets to complete the sentences!

1. Could you bring me …….. books I left in the garden? ( this; that; those; these)
2. …….. sun rises from the east. ( a; an; the)
3. The doctor advised me to eat …….. apple every morning. ( a; an; the)
4. There aren't…….. students in the library. ( a lot; many; much)
5. I haven't got…….. pictures in my bedroom. ( some; any; much)
6. She gave a cookie to _____ child. (any; all; each)
7. I've got to solve …….. math problems before I go to sleep. (any; all; each)
8. (With a bowl of cherries on your lap) …….. cherries are delicious! ( this; that; those;
these)
9. My mother doesn't drink …….. coffee. ( a lot; many; much)
10. I always keep …….. money in my wallet for emergencies. ( any; every; some)
11. Did the teacher give us any homework? - Yes, but not_…….. ( much; many any)
12. Nick never does …….. work. He is a very lazy boy. ( many; some; any)
13. Could you lend me fifty dollars? - No, I haven't got …….. money. ( some; many; any)
14. She has had as…….. success as her brother. ( much; many any)
15. I bought…….. bread, but I didn't buy any butter. I forgot! ( some; many any)
16. She is a warm and friendly girl. She has so …….. friends. ( many; much; any)
17. I've got…….. interesting things to tell you. Let's meet at seven o'clock and I'll tell you
everything. ( much; many; any)

238 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

18. How lessons …….. do you have on Mondays? - Only three, mum. ( many; some; any)
19. Kate was very…….. afraid of ghosts when she was little girl. (much; any; many)
20. I didn't see …….. white cats in the garden, only the black one. (much; any many)
21. …….. dogs can be dangerous. Watch out. ( any; much; many)
22. The train leaves ……..four hours. ( either; every; everything)
23. There are two towels in the bathroom. You can take…….. of them. (either; every;
everyone)
24. I have three sisters. …….. of them are teachers. ( both; all; everything)
25. …….. the children wants to win the prize but only one of them can win it. ( none;
each; neither)
26. …….. of the books are hers. They belong to Mary's sons. (every; none; each)
27. She invited several friends to her birthday party, but …….. came. ( both; all; everyone)
28. I don't like…….. of these films. (anyy; none; either)
29. You look so happy and relieved. …….. must be OK. (everything; each; every)
30. …….. was in dread when they saw the dangerous animal approaching. (everyone; both;
everything)
31. …….. of them lives in Poland. They live in America. (everything; neither; all)
32. …….. Susie and Eva are nice and friendly. I like them. ( all; every; both)
33. …….. right in some way. ( You are each; Each of you are ; Either could be used
here)
34. We …….. the same. ( think each ; each think; either could be used here)
35. Each of them described the experience in …….. own way. ( his or her; their; either
could be used here)

EXERCISE 7
Direction: Complete the sentences with A LITTLE, LITTLE, FEW, A FEW.
1. Let's go to the movies. I have…………… money.
2. I'm sorry, I can't pay for your lunch. I have…………… money.
3. Not many children like vegetables. For example, _______ children eat squash.
4. Joe is always angry. That's why he has …………… friends.
5. Bill didn't drink all the soda. There's…………… left.
6. The party was fun. There were …………… people I knew there.
7. Marty: Do you need same help with your math homework?
Harry: Yes, I could sure use ……………
8. Henry: How many people were at the game last night?
Kenny: Almost none. …………… people want to watch a team that always loses.
9. Doris: Are Dallas and Ft. Worth very far from each other?
David: No, they're quite close. There's …………… distance between them.
10. Steve: I wonder why not many people applied for it?
Larry: …………… want to work so hard for so …………… money, I guess.
11. May I please have …………… more coffee?
12. Greg is always busy; he has …………… free time.

EXERCISE 8
Direction: Fill in the blanks with “many, much, a few, or a little”
How ………. events are listed in the program? There aren't ……….
How many events are listed in the program? There aren't many.

239 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

1. He told me that ……….. guests would be arriving today. As we don't have ………..
room in our house, he is taking them to a hotel.
2. Put ……….. corn flour in the gravy to thicken it. Simmer the gravy for ………..
minutes before taking it off the stove.
3. There are quite ……….. old coins in my collection. I wonder how……….. they are
worth now.
4. She has ……….. more dresses to sew, but there is only ……….. thread left on the reel.
5. The bank is just ……….. kilometers from here. It won't take you……….. time to get
there.
6. Not ……….. people attended the church wedding, but ……….. turned up at the
luncheon. We couldn't help feeling ……….. disappointed at this attitude of the guests.
7. Use ……….. ink-remover to get the stains off your shirt.
8. I shan't take ……….. of your time. I've got ……….. matters to clear up with you.
9. We couldn't buy……….. meat from the butcher as he had only ……….. left.
10. Dab……….. perfume behind your ears, but don't use too ………..as the scent can be
overpowering.
11. ……….. money is being spent to construct the road, which will be ready in ………..
months' time.
12. Quite ……….. trees were blown down in the storm last night. ……….. workers were
trying to clear them off the road this morning.

EXERCISE 9
Direction: Fill in the blanks with “another; other; the others “
1. Some people consume coffee regularly. ……….. people prefer tea.
2. Please call Anna. I’ll call ………..
3. If you call Anna, I’ll call ………..
4. She has three cats. One of her cats is a Persian, the……….. are Sphynx.
5. Tessa has two cats. One of her cats is a Persian, the……….. cat is a Sphynx.
6. I want to buy two cars. One is a sport car, and the ……….. is a SUV.
7. Some students played badminton. ……….. played basketball.
8. That boots are too big for me. Can I have ………..?
9. I have three brothers. One of my brothers works as an civil engineer, the ……….. work
as financial analyst.
10. One participant went on to the next challenge. ………..participant failed.

240 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

POST TEST
Direction: In these questions, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The
four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. The Amazon in Brazil is a longest river in South America.
A B C D
2. Very little people fly just because of terrorist activities.
A B C D
3. We could barely get any information at the airport. Only a few people seemed to have a few
A B C
idea about the flights.
D
4. If we don't move faster, we'll miss our transfer to Munich. There isn't many time to waste.
A B C D
5. You can buy this maps at the station. They all have them.
A B C D
6. If you have questions, I'm ready to answer.
A B C D
7. A teachers prefer a class that is fairly consistent in having pupils
A B C D
of the same level.
8. I didn't have a lot of trouble getting the passports. I only had a
A B
problem with my photo because it was an old one.
C D
9. There is many water left, so drink only if you must.
A B C D
10. There isn't some point at all in getting upset about it.
A B C D
11. Today, the a little people who enjoy winter sports is much greater than that of twenty years .
A B C D
12. According to the studies, dolphins, whales and other sea creatures use highly sophisticated
A B C
navigation systems.
C
13. The dietary habits of a child often have many to do with that child's eating habits as a adult.
A B C D
14. In an United States of America, there are literacy classes for workers, a little of whom never
A B C D
graduated from high school.
15. In first a months of life, an infant learns how to lift its head, how to smile and how to recognize
A B C D
its parents.
16. Serving a little terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician
17. Although the language learning abilities of apes have surprised a scientist, they generally
A B C
agree that apes do not progress beyond a linguistic abilities of the two-year-old child.
D
18. The storm continued for all of the days when we were in New Orleans,· but fortunately there
A B C
wasn't a little damages in the city.
D

241 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

19. Heavy fines and jail sentences have made an differences in preventing elephant poaching for
A B C D
their tusks.
20. Unfortunately, I have many talent for music although I have always wanted to be an famous
A B C D
singer.
21. There were a lot of people at the meeting earlier but most of
A B
them left early so there aren't a lot of left now.
C D
22. Although there were little witnesses, number of residents who have been questioned on this
A B C D
matter is quite small.
23. We only spent a day in Istanbul; on the first day we visited the famous mosques and on the
A B C
other days our just shopped.
D
24. I am afraid I will have to ask you for a money as I seem to have no left for the bus ticket.
A B C D
25. No of the student use their student IDs to enter the building.
A B C D
26. With hard work and many luck nothing can stop you in your way to success.
A B C D
27. We have interviewed with twenty candidates for the vacant position, but no of him
A B C
was actually a good fit.
D
28. Both Peter or Michael come here quite often but neither of
A B C D
them gives us help.
29. He gave every one of us advices about our present goals.
A B C D
30. The Blues won the football match, but one of the player played well; In fact they all played
A B C D
quite badly.
31. There were much people on the beach, so we weren't completely alone.
A B C D
32. The two brothers got up at 8:30 that day. Both of him were tired, because either of them had
A B C D
slept well.
33. I do not want to look for other problem. I have enough problems.
A B C D
34. My young girl does not like that this green bag. Can I have other bag on the shelf?
A B C D
35. There are ten persons for lunch but there are only 9 glasses. We need the other glass.
A B C D
36. There are two towels in the bathroom. You can take every of them.
A B C D
37. They washed her faces and went to bed.
A B C D
38. Each of these two student has paid his fee.
A B C D
39. That hand phone belongs to my sister. That’s his hand phone
A B C D

242 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu

Advanced Structure English Education Study Program

40. 65 % of the civil servants arrive in time. The other are always late.
A B C D
41. It would be a unique opportunity to travel in space.
A B C D
42. Some of my students learn quickly but the others students need more time.
A B C D
43. Have you got some rooms free for the night of September 30th?
A B C D

Good Luck
===== SHN ======

243 FBS - UNINDRA PGRI Jakarta By Selamat H. Napitupulu