TABLE OFCONTENTS

Chapter Title Name pg.no

Abstract 3

1 Introduction 4

2 Literature Survey 5

3 Aim and scope of

present investigation 7

3.1:Module Implementation 7
3.2:Data flow Diagrams 8
3.3:UML Diagrams 10

4 Experimental or Scope of
the present investigation Algorithm
used 13

5 Results and discussion,

performance analysis 15

6 Summary and Conclusion 19

Plagiarism Report 20

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RAINFALL PREDICTION WITH AGRICULTURAL
SOIL ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING
Abstract
India is an agricultural country and its economy is largely based upon crop
productivity and rainfall. For analyzing the crop productivity, rainfall prediction is
require and necessary to all farmers. Rainfall Prediction is the application of
science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere. It is important to
exactly determine the rainfall for effective use of water resources, crop
productivity and pre planning of water structures. Using different data mining
techniques it can predict rainfall.Data mining techniques are used to estimate the
rainfall numerically. This paper focuses some of the popular data mining
algorithms for rainfall prediction. Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbour algorithm,
Decision Tree are some of the algorithms compared in this paper. From that
comparison, it can analyze which method gives better accuracy for rainfall
prediction. Prediction of crops may be accurately through with the help of data
mining techniques and considering the environmental parameters. During this
work, the classifiers used area unit support vector machine and data processing.

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Rainfall Prediction is one of the most challenging tasks. Though already many
algorithms have being proposed but still accurate prediction of rainfall is very
difficult. In an agricultural country like India, the success or failure of the crops
and water scarcity in any year is always viewed with greatest concern. A small
fluctuation in the seasonal rainfall can have devastating impacts on agriculture
sector. Accurate rainfall prediction has a potential benefit of preventing causalities
and damages caused by natural disasters. Under certain circumstances such as
flood and drought, highly accurate rainfall prediction is useful for agriculture
management and disaster prevention. In this paper, various algorithms have been
analyzed. Data mining techniques are efficiently used in rainfall prediction

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) Forecasting using Time Series Data: A
Fuzzy-Entropy-Neuro based Expert System Pritpal Singh / 30 July 2018 Statistical
analyzes reflect the dynamic nature of the ISMR, which couldn’t be predicted
efficiently by statistical and mathematical based models. Therefore, this study
suggests the usage of three techniques, viz., fuzzy set, entropy and artificial neural
network (ANN). Based on these techniques, a novel ISMR time series forecasting
model is designed to deal with the dynamic nature of the ISMR. This model is
verified and validated with training and testing data sets. Various statistical
analyzes and comparison studies demonstrate the Less Severity.
An Extensive Evaluation of Seven Machine Learning Methods for Rainfall
PredictioninWeatherDerivatives Sam Cramer a,∗ , Michael Kampouridis a , Alex
A. Freitas a , Antonis K. Alexandridis b/ 2017 This work’s main impact is to show
the benefit machine learning algorithms, and more broadly intelligent systems
have over the current state-of-the-art techniques for rainfall prediction within
rainfall derivatives. We apply and compare the predictive performance of the
current state-of-the-art (Markov chain extended with rainfall prediction) and six
other popular machine learning algorithms one of the disadvantages of MCRP is
that MCRP is purely driven off the historical data of each city and needs to be
tuned according to the specific
A Hybrid Model for Statistical Downscaling of Daily Rainfall
Sahar Hadi Poura , Shamsuddin Shahida , Eun-Sung Chungb / The RF was used to
predict whether rain will occur in a day or not and SVM was used to predict
amount of rainfall in rainfall occurring days. The capability of proposed hybrid
model was verified by downscaling daily rainfall at three rain-gauge locations in
the east cost of peninsular Malaysia. The hybrid model was also found to replicate
the variability, number of consecutive wet days, 95-percentile rainfall amount in
each months as well as distribution of SVM considers a kernel-based ANN to
overcome the disadvantages of the traditional ANN and therefore, able to develop
relationship among highly non-linear variables
RAINFALL PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES
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: A REVIEW 2021 In India ,0Agriculture is the0key point0for survival. For
agriculture, rainfall is most important. These days rainfall prediction0has
become0a major problem. Prediction of rainfall gives7awareness to people7and
know in advance7about rainfall to7take certain7precautions to protect7their crop
from7rainfall. Many techniques7came into existence7to predict7rainfall.
Machine7Learning algorithms are7mostly useful in Forecasts are never 100%
accurate.

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 CHAPTER 3

Aim and Scope of the present investigation

3.1: Module Implementation

⚫ Data Collection
⚫ Data Cleaning
⚫ Data Selection
⚫ Data Transformation
⚫ Data Mining Stage

Data Collection

The data used for this work was collected from meteorologist’s centre. The case
data covered the period of 2012 to 2015. The following procedures were adopted
at this stage of the research: Data Cleaning, Data Selection, Data Transformation
and Data Mining.

Data Cleaning

In this stage, a consistent format for the data model was developed which is search
missing data, finding duplicated data, and weeding out of bad data. Finally system
cleaned data were transformed into a format suitable for data mining

Data Selection

At this stage, data relevant to the analysis like decision tree was decided on and
retrieved from the dataset. The Meteorological dataset had ten attributes in that
were using two attributes for future prediction. Due to the nature of the Cloud
Form data where all the values are the same and the high percentage of missing
values in the sunshine data both were not used in the analysis.

Data Transformation

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“This is also known as data consolidation”. It is the stage in which the selected
data is transformed into forms appropriate for data mining. The data file was saved
in Commas Separated Value (CVS) file format and the datasets were normalized
to reduce the effect of scaling on the data.

Data Mining Stage

The data mining stage was divided into three phases. At each phase all the
algorithms were used to analyse the meteorological datasets. The testing method
adopted for this research was percentage split that train on a percentage of the
dataset, cross validate on it and test on the remaining percentage. There after
interesting patterns representing knowledge were identified

3.2: DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

LEVEL - 0

Fig a: Data Flow Diagram

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LEVEL - 1

Fig a.1: Level 1

LEVEL2

Fig a.2: Level 2

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3.3: UML DIAGRAMS
UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a standardized general-
purpose modeling language in the field of object-oriented software engineering.
The standard is managed, and was created by, the Object Management Group.The
goal is for UML to become a common language for creating models of object
oriented computer software. In its current form UML is comprised of two major
components: a Meta-model and a notation. In the future, some form of method or
process may also be added to; or associated with, UML.The Unified Modeling
Language is a standard language for specifying, Visualization, Constructing and
documenting the artifacts of software system, as well as for business modeling and
other non-software systems. The UML represents a collection of best engineering
practices that have proven successful in the modeling of large and complex
systems.The UML is a very important part of developing objects oriented software
and the software development process. The UML uses mostly graphical notations
to express the design of software projects.

GOALS:
The Primary goals in the design of the UML are as follows:
Provide users a ready-to-use, expressive visual modeling Language so that they
can develop and exchange meaningful models.Provide extendibility and
specialization mechanisms to extend the core concepts.Be independent of
particular programming languages and development process.Provide a formal
basis for understanding the modeling language.Encourage the growth of OO tools
market.Support higher level development concepts such as collaborations,
frameworks, patterns and components.Integrate best practices.

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 Fig b: Usecase Diagram

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 CHAPTER 4
Experimental or Scope of the present investigation Algorithm used

⚫ Rainfall is important for food production plan, water resource management

and all activity plans in the nature.
⚫ The occurrence of prolonged dry period or heavy rain at the critical stages of
the crop growth and development may lead to significant reduce crop yield.
⚫ India is an agricultural country and its economy is largely based upon crop
productivity.
⚫ Thus rainfall prediction becomes a significant factor in agricultural countries
like India.
Rainfall forecasting has been one of the most scientifically and
technologicallychallenging problems around the world in the last century.

System Architecture

Fig d: System Architecture

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