U itferonlal cakulas

Continuity ffT apr 361 chauo T3T curve

2 ditfeontabiity farr Coner dit CuVNT
1Rolles theoen
foy is continuos on inerval a,b1
2 fou) is
fth)=fa)
differentale on intral (a,b)
3) fta) ttb) b
then By Rolle's theoven, bis exist Cela,b) Suthhat
fe)Fo (ue have angent
puralel to oxaxis)
exanple
f) =
log (n' +2) -log (3) ovcr U
Conh log f dafinud all ove [1] it is (ont)
2) dff f') =2 is_ doinel_ over -L)#w GI ditf
)fa)=fu)
fH)= lo[-)H2)- lag) = lp-
lo93o
= lg(2+3)- log3 = ls9 -t03 so

By Rollek h c Auch hat Fo =o 0

c2t2
2 Lagronge's Mean vau h (LMVE) pbl)
Asunphona=
2oois coninuou ae Ta,bl
2foa) is dife orer (a,b)
Thun B VT c ela)uchthot
b-a
Slope= )-fa
b-a

3 Caudhys Mean Valuu theoc CCVT)

f ) 90M) ConHO oer la,
2 fn) gM) dif Oer Ca,b
3)g() 0 Hxe la, b)

f)= f(L)-fa)
96)-g(a)
 Very t T
log is Cenh Ov
t ) exists ar(1,)

f) Ispr ndif ovee(1,) 9)og tt)-

B LMVT 3ec tu,) athot
l f)loy fa-
f)-fu-Fa) 16) lo )
3C- 21-1 7
L 0

Twp 1) (14) +'-+u

l th 15 peciel cse fLiVr
=()=1+t tu++4
Cut e deduul fem LiYT L3
ChvT
CniVI
olka h i s dtdues on
Ihm 1s d r nown as Rolls Ha exanpu
lcnn valu
first tdo zmg in pnsisn ot hn i ) by Mas tad

) Maclauints deiesexpansionsMaclatrint m) f) n' (H+o) =/4

let fo) be diffêxshiakle infinikly aonyn fm
f'to)

SonteSandard expaasio
Sin - 5 )Taylorseries xpondionSS
dtlernHakle
Consider to) ic ininitet
2 cosel- cenSide xih ert 2veriabie2 Apui *
npauker
2

31 L pouse4 h

I/h=o it beccmes Mackausi at expat

+

Z) coSh + +++
exporsin q fo) in ascendirg Pe 7 aylov

ot in pouueYS Ma)
Ae have for th) - 4 h ) + f h ) + )

septaa x by n-a uk hae foy

Toy fo 4ra) f(a) + fl(a) (na) +a (n -a)

irst uu dovms in exponsivn log.cos(nt/4)

ay lad in_asending pou i
fout)= lay (cor(xte})
nth) = fh) + flh)n f h
21
H+ = f(0u+ ()n+f(4,Jo
)=log tor T4 =log a log laya
F'M) Sin don1[A en fly

7 Dhdeleminae toms
There indelerminati fom. (uamy

L'HoSpital'S Kal we hav e Co fom en

IA dt doke doi vadivt tator loinominuhr epecakel
Nole Pleose dsvt exalwtfhi doivahu q 0)y
90)

og 0X (090SOxG
o9 0 l99= OXC_
 Main fourte sey urier Seriesu) o,Cainmm +bnSingm
(Serx
SCC y ard
68)-o2osn 27 5 Sin, (o5,

d S4odx LI lan and (ot

On: fyca5nudw iod dfunction. T Tm pencd
2
bv sin nt d
1od

(o,20
VEn_
2I bn=o
o foonzdn da Hutda bn n ) innudr

3 ba- (f) finnadx On 2 (fueasnndn

)Diichlet condiHions
9 fu)periodc CLxLLt2T
27f shoutd hche inite nd iniie disconfinetA
f o U Ahuuld hake inile_n-
maximai
k.oaiai
Jmp _psints
> Deurie Retes eprtsen fuion atperiodic f n
u)Loih penod 2T usaich Baushcs Diriihlets
Comdihon
E(anLoSnT+b»sinnma)
27 ausie SexieS an ddd peiadic fn-Contank only
Sin em 6hsL(oddhalouaic, euen helmoxj CoSinLSML
JMP
H all goffly
Dinchlds,diliaahag
foe)=f)20dd kun e anly hart Sinc fpxma
7 Y0)tu)
Ta) (odd )9
) odd fun BineHens 4 conSpt e
TOS Hem6 (onga
 ome combinccklon

gcen 9 9 een

4geen, 9 add
t
+ o
oddd
d goa 9**S
bolt

ceei0lwal-CSIn

f u t een fun t ) bn 2sinna

+ 2 n ) = fi rtueje Senes N

C Arnpitadi 4 t koutitit AEat+k

o h e ain dat a 15uzosf5 h l04
An fucas pHtd
o32+(lsu l47
A -Ja'tb

Glenerealiseuv nla
Leibnitzs Ue deiedire)(ufis,i,Ls 1att)

A a l f range g e i e ( O 0

conidet -fouEeen
bnEO
bn=o
7Co8ine Setes 140zdo
Canside fow =odd
7 S u n e seves

an mcos/agade

K hdbm00icAnalysis

4b,Sin 21h
Qo o3 nSini+4 os 20
Second vtnunI
 U13-arbial Difleentiationirdependenl table
dependent
Vnaiesble

Uaiqniable things tnd oneley tecont

wego teyond 2 Veiable no nully dyp tn

Uuniblt
Notationg yfo)
d

1
deivativc 6 mixed pavial denvatin
higher otdet Davial
Mircd'Z
dy
ZttN) dz E df =24yy

mixed parhol diff

dnd

ndino k eneL at hnmogenay

2lornogento
det z= tay) ii iale %L horoogane dus uncion

f ,tf)4 tM,y) is knoon_as dege

CR Fouy)=_+y
ta)=(tajt+ty)-4Y+42y=12 {ty)
' ) tny
J13-Aman
Ay hemagi
Vaviable o de balda cotshunt
/dz Pxp.tsz-in N
CoNnE
 (
u p mouoBowou
p
027U MT
(h),
71-o vo-77 Z-kug
abnhyh vv on
L
uy (h}F
ZU+hu+ 1-+ JT (
e M
zu=e 2p
t,U, 77thsp
ver 1d (h')} {L
ww s wyun P
(1)n
1 hwn, n h ^-ho h
An 1 *ho,
 Applicoution at l'arhel diHloentiabdn
Joit -
CJacoia9 )

1 udv are uncion 4tulb Indupondent vanubles

en doler inan
iscalld
uv evk,y
he acodian

Biroaty Jacobia) duvw wr , yz

u/an d duld
Ju,v dv/nd/y dv/4u
*/t
dusJdu dajdy
reperties
OT àcu,v) TEd (TJ)

du,
u,v nctisnallyk l t d toM Hen

uV, a=fnciarally delotdhn

2Han uM,U)=o

Ve ny_
 Maxima minina 7 fm)
dm dy
Cosicee at = o df =o-
she

p1 Caula

-bShtat_CY) E(a,b1) :(h 9)=(odg,6)J

Max n Valn
Sep3 Pene
( a,b,) C, h,)
f y ) be fcas,)ay
Mox Val
Y 0 Auyu) háy (b)=tomia
mun Vaun
n c i s h a , ) is
3 (1t-)Lo
r x fur u Sodd]e point

w)(4 )ro

te_dakmi mudtip
Lengvry ndhsde

dk y , 2 -
oy i s eqAnealculas

n Lemp
 Onit-5 laton ymme4ic wai Y-A
u briy A-AT
CalPer riorguta mebix
(adhomMat he orinip G) e jonthic wah
gonad a zo0 A-AA'

1Owe ftorgul manx Transpose mai

dL he elamant above pindpal
aonal ate zeo s) TdempokrtAheSquaie
maix A is gaid to
Dicgonal maMx AA
* q u a mahis in which -hc eni
Cuside th pincipal diogonal oe Invoturtory e i r - d
al 20o culad
s o3
Byuax modhx Ai
AT
4)Sco Maly- A diogon alo) Nilpotent matix
ohix in uohich all diaganalA &quese mank Ais caled-
elemenbh ort equ X | nlpokent mabix IE 7 +ve
10e4 m_8uchak AmEo

Rouo echelontam damaixRedued ou echelontor

CondiHon
O leading element e pahle aKo echelon tm
jitne bhi ztn hai ue jada
sussenexi wle ous me
leading eemnisep pahle hoe9 eadieunant
chohye t
zers UIET
0 2 ex
leading elument
0_o o
&2e element rouo T last

Submaix- A matdx Buhich

obtuntd kom
Motix A delaingony youls Culunns tom
aiginad Monx A i3 knawn asubmasx 4A-
 Konk ot Mamx -dCA) Non-hormogenet
The equa10 C-Dmn =n>
4 rouoYnk q matix A is Jhe nub
echeldn om AX= Oniqt ot
mam A ondi lton r (onsi cknoy
A (dij )man thun fen) n)fn,)
The Tank h zee Non Horl qestto
4) The (nulI) mahi qaHon
Yank idtrdtty metix nini n ron
And Yonk rol 1ot
24 o maudn T
-Totol
otl n: ou} Caco mn
3 s 2 Tot o hkh
2.3 92 Contin a l
zivs elthess
C o n si Sen
tC n rud
echelan tmn
A
Appl Ra-3K, +2P
S(A) 1-k
In tonlisfo no foltion
heply - k 3- 2 Uaiqu oliO fUA)tA,2)
Appl x ( 9a) PtR)= SD,B) n inj n41 sni)
240
Case-2
O d0)=A,B) =n
M=n3 xipaory Bpevdak
Nomma Hoa muhx nverse manx y Consisknt
14i9 adjoint mafhoda SA) (A,0) in conti se Ohoaanad ronjomeiy
dtn)= 30.8) 72 ohogonal monx
1A1E than eMSF (sisknt &4o n.so AA=E
p- t anG23
A=|aAn dts A _adj Cube3 M=N=3
OlAE s uniteLka Ais cshogrel rohy
d )
ing elm t : A ex]sE
dePia/

AT A C'E nih 1ijn_ 11Fo an taconsisle

AdHE pd D)=CA,D) L0 A is an eenaganal
he A=l ali A=AT
P(A) EPCD,D) h tonsisfnk
6no Soltion_
3 Alg. equaHo
Auapnened moix CAA) _lomogeacou quadin
Ax o
CA,8)-/
dn b m-TotH n equest
 nitc

tgen values yece iogonnlzat-on

Sud
hon- 7eo ecto Xi
19e valu ny
eeor (ot eigen veda)
Sea chma clexjtic
uliy Ar bhest
Ax Ax ot
Also thon ai nd a chavacnihe
be

maliy A STrOprd to i
volul
copn
vecoY X
hoyeacte glics

ProperHes of ligen values

he dun of enkies
on-hmoin diogonal d or
I Troace af A

x Mahi y Ais talld FOnn

Trate 9 A=- d+q21 + 93
Mohy 1 h um
The urn ot he elgen Valu
i alogone vateYA
ment 4 s pineip
1A1
A dan Qutaut
Ya narsudh maix
ValS 4 0) Upfer 1aer
Ihe egen A2
on its main diagond
helmunt
4) Theproduct4-th eigen vol
manx quels
_dst¬r minant Mohix
A a xA3 x An A
=

5) f hln a eigen Valuy4 A -hun.

obeigen valuus o A
Valu aikl2 n
)the mahix kA _has the eigen
7) Th maiy H('m- non-ve olga) hay
igu vla etd-
shitThmuwi*
value Ch=kT) hay th egm
8) 6ptchrol
A-k A -k.An=k
The elgen valu sdmeBie maix at kau
4
Te eigen vab eA&A ae dan

T The in Alexisd A0 ,2
 rOperHes cegen ve coM
X, 2
Ohoq onol gen reck»rs
egen

ald enal ifX,

1
findhepe irun
+ALsdiLa)

4 tnoBoy
AL d rd A 2

au- Qn o -
a2 Qu- 3 6 +14-6
oeign Valy
SE
di1
t a2z AccunAs Cl))( ed colc
T fquae manx 4 ctdo A
AEa Q d k Caley= hamilion
Hnd charadsteauetian A
A tAt43atoutou AAatt -Sid A=Eo
A3x -St4Sn A -IAlFo_
-S +51AO

Hnd
S Oitt q1

eigen_valsu vetsr
d33
AA-SASAo IAL=O HaojHon -h

3
A 13
-2 A1E 6 O -1-A * Axzo nd A aaltipy 4dy-
Lo o 3
A=SA -AI
Si -2-3 4 A SLA- A CIBI)
Sa 3 2 : 23| h A
Choracnsii a A SA- SAa +AA1)
OX+2xa)3 ) E
Ro U-3)| 2x+]x30 0 -
Ciagonalizuiom_e a muny
A1 oeiga Val **6r) 0 LEa_E nauixh4,orzlea nhagineay
1ndoperdu igeneder Akin theaaita n a n
wY D=p-'Af =modal
rmabix
Speck diogonklne mohtA
A-TJX=O any
 mauy (
AP

usdret fo QoxAX

moh 22

n h u ihir 4qusdrakie fom.3 vióufi

3-8zy 6 z +yn 57
A Co 4x

A
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