BRANCH : - CO2I

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

Title Of Micro-Project :- RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER

GROUP MEMBERS

ROLL NO CLASS NAME OF MEMBERS

1111 CO2-I Akash Dhangar
1112 CO2-I Vedant Godse
1113 CO2-I Manthan Gondhali
1114 CO2-I Harshita Gupta
1115 CO2-I Riya Ingole

GUIDE NAME: -
Mrs.
 Part A Plan
Title Of Micro-Project: - RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER

Brief description: - RC Coupling is the most widely used method of coupling

in multistage amplifiers. It is an application of capacitive coupling. In this case
the resistance R is the resistor connected at the collector terminal and the
capacitor C is connected in between the amplifiers.
.

Aim Of Micro-Project: -

 To create a chart on RC coupled amplifier

 To collect information on RC coupled amplifiers
 Understanding the detailed of RC coupled amplifiers

Action Plan: -
Plan
Plan End Name Of Team
Sr No Detail Of Activities Start
Date Members
Date
Vedant Godse
Group formed according to roll no
Akash Dhangar
& group leaders were elected also
1 Manthan Gondhali
detailed information on micro
Harshita Gupta
project was given
Riya Ingole

Vedant Godse
Finalization of microproject as well
2 as detailed discussion regarding
Akash Dhangar
topic
 Planning of micro-project regarding,
resources, software used, submission Vedant Godse
3
date and completing part a plan of Akash Dhangar
micro – project Manthan Gondhali

Vedant Godse
Complete analysis of design part of
Akash Dhangar
micro-project & distribution of
4 Manthan Gondhali
module among group members
Harshita Gupta
Riya Ingole

Vedant Godse
Akash Dhangar
Manthan Gondhali
5 Getting it finalized by the guide
Harshita Gupta
Riya Ingole

6 Implementation of Project report Vedant Godse

Vedant Godse
Presentation of 1st part of micro-
Akash Dhangar
project Infront of guide by each
7 Manthan Gondhali
group member and Preparing of part
Harshita Gupta
b plan for micro-project
Riya Ingole
Vedant Godse
Akash Dhangar
8 Submission of micro-project Manthan Gondhali
Harshita Gupta
Riya Ingole

Resources used: -

Name Of Resources
Specification Quantity Remarks
Sr No Required

1 Hardware : 1
Computer System Computer i-5
RAM 12GB and
 onwards, HDD free
space 512

Operating
2 Windows latest version 1
System

3 Software Microsoft office 1

PART B PLAN
Aim Of The Project: RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER
Brief Description:- RC Coupling is the most widely used method of
coupling in multistage amplifiers. It is an application of capacitive coupling. In
this case the resistance R is the resistor connected at the collector terminal and
the capacitor C is connected in between the amplifiers.

Aim Of Micro Project:

 To create a chart on RC coupled amplifier
 To collect information on RC coupled amplifiers
 Understanding the detailed of RC coupled amplifiers

Course Outcome Integrated:

Collect information and understanding RC coupled amplifier.

Actual Procedure Followed:

1. Group Formation: - The basic aim of micro project is to accelerate the

attainment of the various outcomes in the cause. In the last two weeks of
February the subject was introduced. The syllabus as well as detail of micro
project was discussed. The groups of 5 members were formed. A group
leader (vedant godse) was selected. The schedule of Plan A & B and
presentation were finalized. The various micro project topic related to
subject was discussed and Guide (Jagrutee) gave us the opportunity to select
the topic of our choice
2. Finalization Of Micro-Project: - After attending the feature of two weeks,
we were able to select the topic for micro project. We discussed the topic
with our guide, regarding the concept which we are going to apply in the
project. We individually tried to explain the basic platform of project.
3. Planning: From finalizing the project: - we the group members started
working on the project. We started the planning phase. We discussed among
ourselves regarding the resource such as hardware and software requirement.
In first week of March, we completed the Part A plan of the microproject
and submitted to the guide which is nothing but an initial
description of project

4.Module Distribution & Analysis Part: - Once the planning was over
regarding resources etc., we also finalized the module which we will be
designing. According to the members we distributed the module among them
and started the analysis.

5.Design Part: In this part: - we tested the each module and get the actual
result for our micro project. By doing this we were clearer of the project
6.Implementation: - In second week of March, we actually started the
technical phase. We technically applied the test cases & get the excepted result
for each module. The test for each module was done. Each member was writing
information according to module assigned to them. The testing of module was
done to achieve the requirement of project. Finally, the project was ready within
the schedule time.
7.Presentation: - In the third week of March, we have to present the micro
project in front of the guide. Each member of group presented their part with
confidence. She asked various queries regarding the topic. We presented the
detail of each concept we have used in project. She asked to do various changes
regarding the topic.

8.Submission: - Third week of March was the submission week, we have to

submit the project to the guide. We have to complete both the Part A and Part B
plan of project. We also have to submit the soft copy of project to the guide.

Actual Resources Used:

Specification Quantity Remarks
Sr No Name Of
Resources
Required

1 Hardware : 1
Computer Computer i-5
System RAM 12GB and
onwards, HDD free
space 512
 2 Operating Windows latest 1
System version

3 Software Microsoft office 1

Output Of The
Micro Project:
TITLE: RC coupled amplifier

 What is a RC Coupled Amplifier?

A Resistance Capacitance (RC) Coupled Amplifier is basically a multi-stage

amplifier circuit extensively used in electronic circuits. Here the individual
stages of the amplifier are connected together using a resistor–capacitor
combination due to which it bears its name as RC Coupled. Figure 1 shows such
a two-stage amplifier whose individual stages are nothing but the common
emitter amplifiers. Hence the design of individual stages of the RC coupled
amplifiers is similar to that in the case of common emitter amplifiers in which
the resistors R and R form the biasing network while the emitter resistor RE
form the stabilization network.

Here the C is also called bypass capacitor which passes only AC while
restricting DC, which causes only DC voltage to drop across R while the entire
AC voltage will be coupled to the next stage. Further, the coupling capacitor C
also increases the stability of the network as it blocks the DC while offers a low
resistance path to the AC signals, thereby preventing the DC bias conditions of
one stage affecting the other. In addition, in this circuit, the voltage drop across
the collector-emitter terminal is chosen to be 50% of the supply voltage V in
order to ensure appropriate biasing point.
In this kind of amplifier, the input signal applied at the base of the transistor in
stage 1 (Q ) is amplified and appears at its collector terminal with a phase-shift
of 180 . The AC component of this signal is coupled to the second stage of the
RC coupled amplifier through the coupling capacitor C and thus appears as an
input at the base of the second transistor Q . This is further amplified and is
passed-on as an output of the second stage and is available at the collector
terminal of Q after being shift by 180 in its phase. This means that the output of
the second stage will be 360 out-of-phase with respect to the input, which inturn
indicates that the phase of the input signal and the phase of the output signal
obtained at stage II will be identical. Further it is to be noted that the cascading
of individual amplifier stages increases the gain of the overall circuit as the net
gain will be the product of the gain offered by the individual stages. However in
real scenario, the net gain will be slightly less than this, due to the loading
effect. In addition, it is important to note that by following the pattern exhibited by Figure 1,
one can cascade any number of common emitter amplifiers but by keeping in mind that when
the number of stages are even, the output will be in-phase with the input while if the number
of stages are odd, then the output and the input will be out-of-phase. The frequency response
of a RC coupled amplifier (a curve of amplifier’s gain v/s frequency), shown by Figure 2,
indicates that the gain of the amplifier is constant over a wide range of mid-frequencies while
it decreases considerably both at low and high frequencies. This is because, at low
frequencies, the reactance of coupling capacitor C is high which causes a small part of the
signal to couple from one stage to the other. Moreover for the same case, even the reactance
of the emitter capacitor C will be high due to which it fails to shunt the emitter resistor R
effectively which inturn reduces the voltage gain.

On the other hand, at high frequencies, the reactance of C will be low which causes it to
behave like a short circuit. This results in an increase in the loading effect of the next stage
and thus reduces the voltage gain. In addition to this, for this case, the capacitive reactance of
the base-emitter junction will be low. This results in a reduced voltage gain as it causes the
base current to increase which inturn decreases the current amplification factor β. However,
in mid-frequency range, as the frequency increases, the reactance of C goes on decreasing
which would lead to the increase in gain if not compensated by the fact that the reduction in

reactance leads to an increase in the loading effect. Due to this reason, the gain
of the amplifier remains uniform/constant throughout the midfrequency band.
 Advantages of RC Coupled Amplifier
1. Cheap, economical and compact as it uses only
resistors and capacitors
2. Offers a constant gain over a wide frequency band.

 Disadvantages of RC Coupled Amplifier

The disadvantages of a RC coupled amplifier include:
1. Unsuitable for low-frequency amplification.
2. Low voltage and power gain as the effective load resistance
(and hence the gain) is reduced due to the fact that the input of
each stage presents a low resistance to its next stage.

3. Moisture-sensitive, making them noisy as time elapses.

4. Poor impedance matching as it has the output impedance

several times larger than the device at its end-terminal (for
example, a speaker in the case of a public address system).
5. Narrow bandwidth when compared to JFET amplifier.
Applications of RC Coupled Amplifier Include:
1. RF Communications.
2. Optical Fiber Communications.
3. Public address systems as preamplifiers.
4. Controllers.
5. Radio or TV Receivers as small signal
amplifiers.