TOPIC:

ADVERB
1. Verb 6. Comprehension 11. Unseen Passage
2. Tenses 7. Fill in the blanks 12. Vocabulary
3. Voice 8. Adverb 13. Antonyms/Synonyms
4. Subject-Verb Agreement 9. Error Correction 14. Grammar
5. Articles 10. Sentence 15. Idioms and Phrases etc.
Rearrangement
1. Verb 6. Comprehension 11. Tenses
2. English Grammar 7. Unseen Passage 12. Vocabulary
3. Articles 8. Adverb 13. Antonyms/Synonyms
4. Sentence Rearrangement 9. Error Correction 14. Subject-Verb
Agreement
5. Idioms and Phrases 10. Fill in the blanks 15. Voice
 ADVERB
Adverb is that part of Speech which
modifies:
1) Verb
2) Adjective
3) Adverb
4) Preposition
5) Conjunction
6) Sentence
 ADVERB modifies VERB
(A) Adverb modifies a Verb
1) He works hard.
Verb Adverb
2) He walks fast.
Verb Adverb
When Adverb modifies a Verb there are 2
conditions –
1) Certain frequency
2) Uncertain frequency
 ADVERB modifies VERB

1) Certain frequency – It includes Adverbs which give

certain information. It tells the number of times.
➢ Certain frequency Adverb is written after Verb.
VERB CERTAIN FREQUENCY ADVERB
1) She goes to temple once in a week.
 CERTAIN AND UNCERTAIN FREQUENCY
2) She goes to temple daily/ everyday.
NOTE: Here, Certain frequency Adverbs are written after Verb.
Some Certain frequency Adverbs are:
Once, twice, thrice, once in a week, once in a month/ year,
daily, everyday etc.
2) Uncertain frequency – It includes Adverbs which give
uncertain information.
 CERTAIN AND UNCERTAIN FREQUENCY
➢ Uncertain frequency Adverb is written before Verb.
1) She sometimes goes to temple.
ADVERB VERB
Some Uncertain frequency Adverbs are:
(+) Adverbs - always, sometimes, often, usually, probably, mostly etc.
(-) Adverbs - Seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, never etc.
NOTE- Error is asked in the exam related to position of Certain or Uncertain
frequency Adverbs.
 ADVERB modifies ADJECTIVE
(B) Adverb modifies an Adjective
Example:
1) He is very intelligent.
Adverb Adjective
➢ Very/ extremely/ rather/ too are Adverbs which can be used to modify
the Adjective.
NOTE: When Adverb modifies an Adjective it tells the Degree of
Adjective.
Adverbs of Degrees are mainly-
Very, much, more, too, quite, little, almost etc.
 ADVERB modifies ADVERB
(C) Adverb modifies an Adverb
Example: 1) He walks very slowly.
Adverb Adverb

ADVERB modifies PREPOSITION

(D) Adverb modifies a Preposition

Example: 1) The helicopter hovered exactly over his house.
Adverb Preposition
 ADVERB modifies CONJUNCTION
(E) Adverb modifies a Conjunction
Example:
1) She likes her simply because she has a clear
conscience. Adverb Conjunction
ADVERB modifies SENTENCE
(F) Adverb modifies a Sentence
Example: 1) Fortunately, no one was hurt.
Adverb Sentence
 ADVERB does not modify a NOUN or PRONOUN
Adverb does not modify a Noun/ Pronoun
Example: 1) It was quite a storm. (×)
Adverb + Noun
➢ To make this sentence grammatically correct , instead of
using Adverb + Noun,
Adverb + Adjective + Noun should be used.
Example: 1) It was quite a dangerous storm. (√)
Adverb Adjective Noun
ADVERB does not modify a NOUN or PRONOUN
NOTE: Adverb does not modify a Noun or Pronoun
but there are some Adverbs which can be used to
modify a Noun or Pronoun.
These Adverbs are –
Only, Even, At last, Almost
Example:
1) Only Mohan can help his friend.
2) Almost the work is complete.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

Types of Adverbs:-
(A) Simple Adverb
(B) Relative Adverb
(C) Interrogative Adverb
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

(A) Simple Adverb:- It includes

(1) Adverb of Time
(2) Adverb of Place
(3) Adverb of Number or Frequency
(4) Adverb of Manner
(5) Adverb of Reason
(6) Adverb of Degree
(7) Adverb of Affirmation and Negation
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

(A) Simple Adverbs:-

1) Adverb of Time:- Adverb of Time shows ‘when’.
Some Adverbs of Time are after, before, ago, early,
late, lately, daily, already, since, formerly, now,
then, soon, today, tomorrow etc.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

2) Adverb of Place:- Adverb of Place shows ‘where’.

Some Adverbs of Place are here, there, everywhere, away, in,
out, up, down, within, above, below, upward, backward etc.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

3) Adverb of Number or frequency:-

Adverb of Number or frequency shows ‘how
often’. It include Certain or Uncertain
frequency Adverbs.
Some Adverbs of Number or frequency are
once, twice, thrice, always, seldom, often,
frequently etc.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

4) Adverb of Manner:-
Adverbs of Manner show “how” or “in what
manner”.
These Adverbs include nearly all those Adverbs which are
derived from Adjectives and end in “ly”.
In other words, we can say those Adverbs which are made
by using ‘ly’ in Adjectives are called Adverb of Manner.
Some Adverbs of Manner are thus, so, well, badly,
probably, certainly, conveniently etc.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

➢ Structure: Adjective + ly = Adverb

Adjective Adverb
Sincere + ly Sincerely
Fluent + ly Fluently
Glad + ly Gladly
Honest + ly Honestly
 TYPES OF ADVERBS
NOTE:-
There are some Nouns whose Adjective and Adverb forms are in the
following manner:
Noun Adjective form Adverbs form
Coward Cowardly In a cowardly manner
Niggard Niggardly In a niggardly manner
Miser Miserly In a miserly manner
Scholar Scholarly In a scholarly manner
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

Examples:
1) He is miser. (×) (“Miser” is Noun before that Article ‘a’ will be used.)
He is a miser. (√)
2) He is a miser man. (×) (Here, Adjective form “miserly” will be used because
Noun “man” is given after it.)
He is a miserly man. (√)
3) He behaved miserly. (×) (Here, “behaved” is a Verb. To modify this Verb,
Adverb form “in a miserly manner” will be used.)
He behaved in a miserly manner. (√)
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

5) Adverb of Reason:- Adverb of Reason shows ‘why’.

Some Adverbs of Reason are so, hence, therefore, on account
of, consequently etc.
Examples: 1) He therefore left school.
2) He is hence unable to refute the charge.
3) Neha could not come because she was not well.
4) I don’t like him since he cheated many people.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS
6) Adverb of Degree or Quantity:- Adverbs of
Degree or Quantity show “how much” or “in what
degree” or “to what extent”.
Some Adverbs of Degree or Quantity are very, much,
more, too, quite, almost, fully, enough, altogether, no
better, any better, rather, partly etc.
Examples: 1) Things are no better at present.
2) Is that any better?
3) You are partly right.
4) You are altogether right.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS
7) Adverb of Affirmation and Negation:-
They are the Adverbs which tell us whether an
action is done or not.
(a) Adverbs of Affirmation: The Adverb that denotes the
acceptance of affirmation of something is called an Adverb of
Affirmation.
Adverbs of Affirmation are surely, certainly, truly,
definitely, yes, yea, by all means etc.
Examples:
1) She will truly help you.
2) I will surely repay the loan.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS
7) Adverb of Affirmation and Negation:-
(b) Adverbs of Negation: The Adverb that denotes negation or
refusal of something is called an Adverb of Negation.
Adverbs of Negation are no, not, never, not at all,
nay etc.
Examples:
1) She did not reply to my letter.
2) She has never opposed that political party.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

(B) INTERROGATIVE ADVERB:- It includes

those Adverbs that are used to ask questions, such
as When, Where , Why , How.
(a) Time:
(i) When did he come?
(ii) How long will he remain here?
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

(b) Place:
(i) Where did he stop?
(ii) Whence has he come?
(वह कहााँ से आया है ?)
(iii) Whither is he going?
(वह ककधर जा रहा है?)
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

(c) Cause or Reason:

(i) Why (for what reason) did he do this?
(ii) Wherefore did he weep?
(वह क्यों रोया?)
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

(d) Manner, Quality or State:

(i) How did he do this?
(ii) How is he today?
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

Wh- words Interrogative Relative

Adverbs Adverbs
1) When कब जब
2) Where कहााँ जहााँ
3) Whence कहााँ से जहााँ से
4) Whither ककधर कजधर
5) Why क्यों कजस वजह से
6) Wherefore ककस कारण कजस कारण
7) How कै से जैसे
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

(C) Relative Adverb:- These are the same in form

as Interrogative Adverbs; but instead of asking
questions, they join two sentences together. It not
only modifies some word, but also refers back to
some antecedent.
Example: 1) How can I forget the day when
happiness was showered on me from all sides?
Here when modifies the Verb “forget” as well as
refers back to the antecedent “day”.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

➢ In other words, Relative Adverb is similar in some extent

to Relative Pronoun.
➢ Relative Pronouns include who, what, which, whose,
whom.
➢ Before a Relative Pronoun Antecedent is used. The
Antecedent is in the form of Noun/ Pronoun.
Example:
(1) I have found the bag which I lost yesterday.
Antecedent Relative Pronoun
 TYPES OF ADVERBS
➢ In case of Relative Adverb, Antecedent is used. Antecedent is in the
form of Noun or Pronoun but here Antecedent is used or not before
Relative Adverb.
(a) The Antecedent understood:
Examples:
(i) This is where we live.
(ii) Let me know when you will come.
(b) The Antecedent expressed:
Examples:
(i) This is the place where we live.
(ii) Let me know the time when you will come.
 TYPES OF ADVERBS

Relative Pronouns Relative Adverbs

1) Who 1) When
2) Whom 2) Where
3) Whose 3) Why
4) Which 4) How
5) What
 POSITION OF ADVERBS

It is very essential to use Adverb near the word which it modifies. If it is used
at the wrong place, the meaning of the sentence may change.
Examples:
1) Only, She saw my new dress. (के वल उसने ककसी और ने नहीं |)
2) She only saw my new dress. (के वल देखा, और कुछ नहीं ककया |)
3) She saw only my new dress. (के वल मेरी dress, ककसी और की नहीं |)
4) She saw my only new dress. (एकमात्र dress जो मेरे पास थी |)
5) She saw my new dress only. (के वल dress, पुस्तक या कुछ और नहीं |)
 POSITION OF ADVERBS

A. Subject + Verb (intransitive) + Adverb of Manner

Examples: 1) He fluently speaks. (×)
2) He speaks fluently. (√)

B. Subject + Verb (transitive) + Object + Adverb of Manner

Example: 1) They wrote it carefully. (√)
 POSITION OF ADVERBS
NOTE: Generally, Adverb of Manner is not used before Object but
in some cases when after the Object “who/which/that” Clause is
given or it may also be possible that Object is given in an extended
form in that case Adverb of Manner must be used before the
Object.
Example:
1) He rewarded all those who had worked for him liberally. (×)
He rewarded liberally all those who had worked for him. (√)
 POSITION OF ADVERBS

(C) Adverb of Place/ Time is also written at the end of the sentence.
Examples:
1) He went there. (Adverb of Place)
2) He came yesterday. (Adverb of Time)
 POSITION OF ADVERBS
(D)
(i) If in a sentence Adverbs of (Manner + Place + Time) are given together.
Its right sequence of writing is Manner + Place + Time
1) He sang in the town hall well last night. (×)
He sang well in the town hall last night. (√)
Manner Place Time
NOTE:- Error is asked in the question by changing the right order of Adverb.
 POSITION OF ADVERBS

(ii) Come/ Go/ Arrive are Verbs of Movement with which

following structure is used:-
Come/ go/ Arrive + Adverb of Place + Adverb of Manner + Time
Example: 1) The students went quickly home. (×)
The students went home quickly. (√)
Go (V2) + Adverb of Place + Manner
 POSITION OF ADVERBS
(E) Hardly, Rarely, Scarcely, Always, Seldom, Never, Often etc.
When the above Adverbs are used in a sentence they are written after ‘to be’
form Verb and before Main Verb.
Examples: 1) She is always praised for her sweet voice.
‘to be’ + Adverb + Main Verb
2) You are always right.
‘to be’ + Adverb
3) He never listens to the radio.
Adverb + Main Verb
 POSITION OF ADVERBS
Error of Split Infinitive
If in a sentence Infinitive is splitted into two parts and Adverb is
written in between them, it is called ERROR OF SPLIT
INFINITIVE and we should avoid using it.
Example: 1) He asked me to carefully do it.
to + Adverb + V1
In the above sentence ‘Carefully’ is used in between the Infinitive ‘to
do’ which is wrong.
 POSITION OF ADVERBS

Error of Split Infinitive:

In Modern English Grammar mainly in Spoken English if an Adverb
(not more than one) is used by splitting an Infinitive (to + Adverb + V1)
is generally acceptable.
But from exam point of view students must remember that this kind of
sentence where Split Infinitive is used is considered as an error.
This type of error is called ERROR OF SPLIT INFINITIVE.