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Atoms, Elements & Compounds 4 MS

The document contains information about the properties and structures of different types of substances: 1) It discusses giant covalent structures like diamond that have strong carbon-carbon bonds and sheets of molecules held together by weaker interactions. These properties allow them to be used as cutting tools and lubricants. 2) It compares the structures of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), noting that SiO2 has a higher melting point and boiling point and is harder and less soluble because of its network structure. 3) It provides information about ionic bonding, including the attraction between oppositely charged ions that forms crystalline structures and allows ionic compounds to conduct electricity when molten.

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Laksh Sarda
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
32 views5 pages

Atoms, Elements & Compounds 4 MS

The document contains information about the properties and structures of different types of substances: 1) It discusses giant covalent structures like diamond that have strong carbon-carbon bonds and sheets of molecules held together by weaker interactions. These properties allow them to be used as cutting tools and lubricants. 2) It compares the structures of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), noting that SiO2 has a higher melting point and boiling point and is harder and less soluble because of its network structure. 3) It provides information about ionic bonding, including the attraction between oppositely charged ions that forms crystalline structures and allows ionic compounds to conduct electricity when molten.

Uploaded by

Laksh Sarda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 (a (i) macromolecular / giant covalent / giant atomic [1]

all atoms held in position / in tetrahedral structure / to four other carbon


atoms / all strong bonds [1]

(ii) jewellery / drilling / cutting / engraving / cutting edges in scalpels [1]


mark first use offered

(iii) layer structure / sheets [1]


molecules / ions in layers = [0]
layers can slide (over each other) [1]

(iv) lubricant / pencils / electrodes [1]


mark first use offered

(b)
b) 4e between carbon and oxygens [1]
2 non-bonding pairs on both oxygens [1]
cond correct coding – only scored if marks 1 and 2 awarded [1]
ignore O2 in atom

(ii) 4O around each Si [1]


2Si around each O [1]
must refer to diagram not valencies or electron distributions

(iii) SiO2 has higher mp or bp


SiO2 is a solid, CO2 is a gas (at rtp)
(when both are solids) then SiO2 is harder
has higher density
SiO2 insoluble, CO2 soluble [2]
any two, comparison needed

2 (a to complete the outer shell (of oxygen) / full outer or valence shell / 8 (electrons) in outer
shell / Noble gas structure / to complete outer shell / to complete the octet
ignore reference to hydrogen atoms / reference to accepting / sharing or gaining electrons [1]

(b) loses (one) electron [1]


not loses electrons

(c) opposite charges attract / electrostatic attraction / positive attracts negative / + and – attract
[1]

(d) in solid ions cannot move / flow / no free ions / ions in a lattice [1]
in solution ions can move / flow / mobile ions / ions free (to move) [1]

[Total: 5]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 (a (i) D [1]

(ii) E [1]

(iii) B or F [1]

(iv) B [1]

(v) A [1]

(b)
b) CF2 or CaI2 [1]
COND next two marks conditional on correct formula
C2+ and F or Ca2+ and I [1]
7× and 1o round F/I [1]
NOTE covalent = 0
Ignore electrons around Ca
accept arrow notation arrow from electron on calcium atom to iodine

(ii) high melting point or boiling point


conducts when molten or in solution
soluble in water
brittle
correct chemical properties
hard
Any TWO [2]
NOT crystalline solid NOT does not conduct as a solid

[Total: 10]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 (a 3Na : 1N correct ratio [1]
correct charges [1]
8e around N [1]

if no symbols then must have correct key


if covalent only mark 1
ignore electrons around sodium
if the response includes both a correct and an incorrect answer
do not select correct one, mark = [0]

(b)
b) ( positive ions or cations [1]
NOT atoms or cores or nuclei
layers or lattice or regular pattern [1]
delocalised or free or mobile electrons or sea [1]

OR positive ions or cations [1]


NOT atoms or cores or nuclei
attraction between ions and electrons [1]
delocalised or free or mobile electrons or sea [1]
the attraction/electrostatic bonding must be between ions and
delocalised electrons, between cations and anions does not score
ACCEPT bond if qualified - electrostatic bond, etc.
if molecular or molecules then cannot score cation mark

(ii) delocalised/free/mobile electrons


or electrons can move [1]

layers or ions or atoms or particles [1]


NB more flexible than 2(b)(i)
can slip or move past each other or bonding non-directional [1]

(c)
c) tetrahedral [1]
1Si : 4O bonded/surrounded, etc. [1]
1O : 2 Si [1]

NOT molecules of oxygen, etc.


NOT intermolecular forces
ONLY tetrahedral can score for either of the above

Despite what the question states, ACCEPT a clear accurate diagram which shows the
above three points.

(ii) hard
high mp or bp
colourless (NOT clear) or shiny or translucent
non/poor conductor (of electricity)
brittle
insoluble
any TWO [2]
NOT crystalline or strong

[Total: 14]
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 good [1]
named example e.g. sodium chloride [1]
ACCEPT correct formula

silica or silicon(IV) oxide or sand or silicon oxide


named polymer only TWO elements [1]

electrons [1] and positive ions [1] [2]


good [1]

[Total: 6]

6 (a Correct ratio MgBr2 or Mg 2Br [1]


Accept anywhere in space
IF formula suggests covalency then [1] only for MgBr2
or Mg 2Br
correct charges Mg2+ and Br [1]
Do not be concerned about location of minus sign
8e around bromine [1]
NOTE do not require correct coding – just 7 and 1 coded differently
NOTE ignore electrons around magnesium

(b) (i) pattern or order or regular or repeat or alternate [1]


COND positive and negative ions or atoms or molecules or particles [1]
NOTE Accept a sketch that shows the above, that is particles arranged in a regular
way, e.g. any ionic compound such as sodium chloride

(ii) Any reason from the list: [1]


charges must balance
or based on valencies
or group II and group VII
or 2e in outer level and 7e in outer level
or magnesium loses 2 electrons and bromine gains 1 electron (per atom)

(iii) reducing or reduction or reductant [1]


lost electrons or given or donated electrons or transferred (to bromine) [1]
reduced [1]
gained or accepted electrons [1]
[Total: 10]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
7 More than required number of answers – [0]
(i) A, B, D [1]
(ii) D [1]
(iii) F [1]
(iv) C and E [1]
(v) A [1]
(vi) E [1]

[TOTAL = 6]

Question 1

(a)(i) lattice [1]

(ii) high melting point or high fixed points


poor conductor as solid
good conductor as liquid, accept either aqueous or molten
hard
soluble in water
Any TWO [2]

(b)(i) Mg2+ [1]

(ii) N3 [1]

(iii) Mg3N2 [1]

(iv) opposite charges [1]


Do NOT accept "attract" it is in the question
accept electrostatic attraction as a phrase

TOTAL = 7

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

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