Retrieving and Visualizing Data

Charles Severance

Python for Everybody

www.py4e.com
 Multi-Step Data Analysis
Data
Source Gather

Visualize
Clean/Process

(5, 1.0, 0.985, 3, u'http://www.dr..')

(3, 1.0, 2.135, 4, u'http://www.dr..')
Analyze (1, 1.0, 0.659, 2, u'http://www.dr..')
(1, 1.0, 0.659, 5, u'http://www.dr..')
....
 Many Data Mining Technologies

• https://hadoop.apache.org/

• http://spark.apache.org/

• https://aws.amazon.com/redshift/

• http://community.pentaho.com/

• ....
 "Personal Data Mining"
Our goal is to make you better programmers – not to make you data
mining experts
 GeoData
• Makes a Google Map from user
entered data

• Uses the Google Geodata API

• Caches data in a database to

avoid rate limiting and allow
restarting

• Visualized in a browser using the

Google Maps API http://www.py4e.com/code3/geodata.zip
 where.html
where.data

Google
geoload.py geodata.sqlite
geodata
where.js
geodump.py

Northeastern University, ... Boston, MA 02115, USA 42.3396998 -71.08975

Bradley University, 1501 ... Peoria, IL 61625, USA 40.6963857 -89.6160811
...
Technion, Viazman 87, Kesalsaba, 32000, Israel 32.7775 35.0216667
Monash University Clayton ... VIC 3800, Australia -37.9152113 145.134682
Kokshetau, Kazakhstan 53.2833333 69.3833333
...
12 records written to where.js http://www.py4e.com/code3/geodata.zip
Open where.html to view the data in a browser
 Page Rank
• Write a simple web page
crawler

• Compute a simple version of

Google's Page Rank algorithm

• Visualize the resulting network

http://www.py4e.com/code3/pagerank.zip
 Search Engine Architecture
• Web Crawling
• Index Building
• Searching

http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html
 Web Crawler
A Web crawler is a computer program that browses the
World Wide Web in a methodical, automated manner. Web
crawlers are mainly used to create a copy of all the visited
pages for later processing by a search engine that will index
the downloaded pages to provide fast searches.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_crawler
 Web Crawler
• Retrieve a page

• Look through the page for

links

• Add the links to a list of “to

be retrieved” sites

• Repeat... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_crawler
 Web Crawling Policy
• a selection policy that states which pages to download,

• a re-visit policy that states when to check for changes to the

pages,

• a politeness policy that states how to avoid overloading Web

sites, and

• a parallelization policy that states how to coordinate distributed

Web crawlers
 robots.txt
• A way for a web site to communicate
User-agent: *
with web crawlers
Disallow: /cgi-bin/
• An informal and voluntary standard Disallow: /images/
Disallow: /tmp/
• Sometimes folks make a “Spider Disallow: /private/
Trap” to catch “bad” spiders

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robots_Exclusion_Standard
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider_trap
Google Architecture
• Web Crawling

• Index Building

• Searching

http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html
 Search Indexing
Search engine indexing collects, parses, and stores data
to facilitate fast and accurate information retrieval. The
purpose of storing an index is to optimize speed and
performance in finding relevant documents for a search
query. Without an index, the search engine would scan
every document in the corpus, which would require
considerable time and computing power.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_(search_engine)
 spreset.py sprank.py
force.html
d3.js

The spider.py spider.sqlite

Web
spjson.py

spdump.py
force.js

(5, None, 1.0, 3, u'http://www.dr-chuck.com/csev-blog')

(3, None, 1.0, 4, u'http://www.dr-chuck.com/dr-chuck/resume/speaking.htm')
(1, None, 1.0, 2, u'http://www.dr-chuck.com/csev-blog/')
(1, None, 1.0, 5, u'http://www.dr-chuck.com/dr-chuck/resume/index.htm')
4 rows.
http://www.py4e.com/code3/pagerank.zip
 Mailing Lists - Gmane

• Crawl the archive of a mailing list

• Do some analysis / cleanup

• Visualize the data as word cloud

and lines

http://www.py4e.com/code3/gmane.zip
Warning: This Dataset is > 1GB
• Do not just point this application at gmane.org and let it run
• There is no rate limit – these are cool folks

Use this for your testing:

http://mbox.dr-chuck.net/sakai.devel/4/5
 gword.htm
mbox.dr-chuck.net gmane.py content.sqlite d3.js

gmodel.py gword.js
mapping.sqlite
gword.py
content.sqlite
gbasic.py
gline.py
How many to dump? 5
Loaded messages= 51330 subjects= 25033 senders= 1584
Top 5 Email list participants gline.js
steve.swinsburg@gmail.com 2657
azeckoski@unicon.net 1742
ieb@tfd.co.uk 1591
csev@umich.edu 1304
david.horwitz@uct.ac.za 1184 gline.htm
... http://www.py4e.com/code3/gmane.zip d3.js
 Acknowledgements / Contributions
These slides are Copyright 2010- Charles R. Severance (www.dr-
...
chuck.com) of the University of Michigan School of Information
and open.umich.edu and made available under a Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Please maintain this last slide
in all copies of the document to comply with the attribution
requirements of the license. If you make a change, feel free to
add your name and organization to the list of contributors on this
page as you republish the materials.

Initial Development: Charles Severance, University of Michigan

School of Information

… Insert new Contributors here