UMT1

INTRO DUCTION

An Cpetaing
Compu dduo
ns aro

Tt pooviclus a basi's for applucauon rogn

aCis as indesmeolu belwcen t h Com puli wer ano

Compul hacloau
envisonment within uwhth ohA
Providus an

PADgsamS Can
dD uefu wosk

be Ude
1 3

Cornpiu adembuL text edtoY dadaba

Susun and Appliadion roam

Spoagsu
Fau 1
Computou
Abaroct Vfeuo o Com porent
aduon
Of Compuli Systin:
OpeRATING Sysin
PeRSPECTI VE

System View
USER ViEw
USe Vieo-
Os olesfaned masty fos eose af uAe ui m
ero
Soma ateton pafoomant
As ad-hs envisommen
foame m ni Compuli Usex
Os olwia neoo
cbou Shaung ConCuneal uro ad
maXimg4 Kulsbu& Sham (UAlpahien) to ass
Ql cP -hme, Cycumemo& To au uskdl eienty

woTkHaddon &kuves Suslam u Ths -pe cEryiso

mend is a CombiradiomVat oluolicated «aiatduser Syslim
belcon
Ounc naun tsya, " O s è dusiqred to Comprome
inoiidual Wabil ord Aoible ulipahon
tmbeddeo Sslro USt ue Veuo fo OsExis

Syplio Vteuot
Reboua AllocaiD As a ompuli dustim Compmses o
r e l otuauXuoMus t o managR
avo
Vauo haduoau
udhdOn oloru oy Os
alwah -forroope

Contro pToa vam s Conm poroan it nmarages

tha xeCuton o ube prqpams to/ psewent e o t
One impropel uR 0 Y Compul

Geneal Ddaluon- The Opeah sim b th On oar

unnng a alhmos on h ompub(aly CauD

ha kal) ,
wan ali ela bei stim Prcaacols Oso
applicahon Prosans.
 COBUECTIuES Of A OpERA TNG SsTEM
) Rese uiüzation the
hadWau
betiween
a)T. a g as ar inhesmediay

Conuinient iotetau to e
PrOUde useus
a

Compuli Systsro dwelopmen

Ho euslve e u t effec va
44AbitL
Abi funcHons
introduchion a n e &yslin
otr,atol
Cuhotd intetuurg win Sewia
Clasikation
as bu nietato.s
Sustem
pERH TING Kaajuie
Sch opeodirsysi
0)Command in TRlseypes
Opeal
Comnaro } o
OpeLa.
w ten to ude ab
neaolprmos

Qu mDt edy
KSums
oCommards to Opealu
Knowdee
MS Das UNIX Shall

USe Sntyta These Speailhg

b)Cavaphta
eabiness o Opetali for uxus. Suth DpeaH
brovides
duslims Prowido Guond Lohu Onu nuds to ciek On.
peal
Micaosefts Wirdoas TOS
 u)
puro
Clasitcaon TPes a puadiy

a) Batch Opesatihg Sysi execulw,|obs

n bodeh
*he Pes of Seahng syotemu
uomatically
disecty to Such Aypum, Aalihu
inteat
seus do opunh aols
Opuatdrdo om
Submit &squwt to
eally batchotogelhiu
oi4nSimilau mali get
Jobs
Ex aD &sun, odeh Spto
Badch 1L
Job1
Job2

Job3

Job odch n

pES O Batuh

Sfmplk Batchaol
ubiP acha
u iprosqsamed

Aduuennaao LPU uHUaadiong eli improveo

2) Thyslkro Can eai mare Jaye fobs agaun 2ogan
a) Badch asum PsoCDo Rhod -hos Jon wltak
4ofinsK job înina
 Disoduanagb mwt haue Aulw Knauud oT
Computu Opeatos
bouCh yimd
Dtiult to dubug intaohion with dysuo
alifc
3

USe USu taur mo

then bt
entew in inthis loops
4) Job or an unRno uon pe
o ini
mwt toait

bInteoctwe Opeatigdyslin"
Aun inteach
alloos wes to
These UpeatirgysLm
Udei
onm
progam acCapthn input
to allouo thio +
Thuu ol) De an uMs intedaa in Plaa
9 Could be a Commard i n &Ayu
intespee
dappen
Crs +Coud be agaphi(al Intuda
Mac ard ofrdows peadirgSurd

PAOKa, oalo
UUbu doraun Ureons aul-s.

MoN Dormain
(PogomExrun
3ia Snaci
Acuuartaacs
Dine uen Irteachion wt suster,
Deblaua s qui en ompaucl fo boer Sys
3 No Opdodos or Lpeciaenooda iauireo
 Disaduanogs
Managng JaoeJobs again ga mot oH
)kos CPU udigoti on Somehmas

CMulhprogramming ydum
Sngh use aunnob kep CPU P F/o
duias buy allhe
ire
ultpraraming Oaaniges Joba CCocls and dal) o CPo

luays ao ons ¥o exetul

Adubsek ot total, jobs in &lio is kapt in memay

Job

Jab 2

Job 3

Job4
51 m

MalHproqramnug yslunn
Adwani ams Disadu JBm ages
CPU uHU2ahioo ) No s e inteuction duur
) ulH obs
exeCuion P-soCasi
3 More etciency
2) Reauins CPU Suhadulirg
3 Requn eAfident Hemey
u) Sho responsetima
maraaement
 ulpvowbor peatig gtm
Outh yslums Supoos
uagc c mosea
o CuAo in close Commuhicafon. Thy Bhauu he
Com puli bus , memooy anal o t beibhud oluvi ub
Thude apslima au
retfeuc astiahtu CoupLasn
Suth sGmy au udeo ushen Veyah speaal s
haaidd o brot Jaua \btmt o dal
xarp whaaldevecabtivg Satelhe Lonrol

CPU Maio mot

CPU2

PsoCLAS

ur +s
>ummehic - Coch Protusos uns
d u i c Copy oS, Shauua mamoy
Lpes o HuliproCudor Ord Coronuication bus uhon
OS

Asmehic
CCh cdabor
tak Uses mnsi lat alatorp
No Proupox Commundtto n
 u s e Opeoi 9 san
Thse OS allouws u p tusus to c c s ons
Aystem th Sra OS onit

enealy useal 0n maun samo Compulus

Connecteol on alipteunt teumia
Dfnt useus

Und Coun be accos througb meli0o6k

alalz PRuhun
us we Cor) shou +u
Usipa

usu2
se3

Psoasses

lypes cf HutiuseOS
9 n buch diPpeurt Compuli at ddrffeun
a) Distgbul
Joaion w manogcol in sudh a o H appeai as Stgau
So beem t o be in meods
si

b)TimeSticd!- A Shot peiod asianad to eao

to As s e ine Slita auu i r s ovids feals d
ou a usirq maunfraume astem On
(iert-eu
4
uu+hreoolira oestia Ssliro
Xtend ha da o mmulhitaDK T
PPucoHon, o on Can b diyialu SpecPie
luadohe
wihìn a 'na appü caHon indo irolyidlua
thrseod
Cadh tseaal n gn in bauallas Ds ima dtuidu
han umonghaos
mon ProCU
Bxomp appicot
mi J
u c h Bnvisonment an

bdiyidaa into 4 hscods

neloork
daln cauition,
use 9ntufau
Commbur Casion a a logsirgrood
Accord'nqto orHaohon Ca)urn

indepenlnH
solL P2
PsocessP

Spalt

pa
 OPE RATING
SysTEm FuNCT IONS ComPorNENIS S
follouirg au T Components opua Sstem thad
PHoTSpetialiseal unction ouditol th ekh hena
a) Kaces
NAGEmEnTPoCs o prqrams in ëxeu
n t oork s+nio th kysten
oOpeatigphem
aivi H
rebpondibor follo uoi ng
inconnection oln pros runoRMNt
Coedbng & olultirg both we 2 Syohem cCbes
G) Suspeirg 2 Ratnnirg ProoCubir
Provialu hachanibm procs nchronigaton
iv rovids meahonomn 4o7 protud tmmucodon
vroviol mecharum zor dod locx kardlivg

b EMORY NEMENT d To Execul a pc cqsam al

G i r t ructionb mut b in maro

MemoTy marugment duteumind) ohar is in memo anol

when Mesy maraament acuites aL
Kaopira drotk ohich pa omamory au
being uR ara by whom unenty
u) Dedirg uich
proe
ord o of memoy
ard dala. o
move ioto
1u) Alloadirgdalltoir amoy paa a edo
c)SToRAGE ANACEmeNT Os
eVleo Poovidus uniform, Jotca
i
ogntormaion Storsage
Usual inom
Achuhte bOS MS+orsaaR Nanogemed
neuwden
 ) C'seairg oleltira fius 2 disectod
dirtoK
PomiHes to monipulolw fts 2
S*o"
1) Mamng le to Secondao mdia
Stob o
BocK up e s
onto
UDisK Schaduliq.
Aarogermet
vi) r e Spat iou
4+o
os
Ons puwpo se of
Subayslm - uAu

L0 d i i c s Arom t
haduoau
PeauldauHes o
Ausponaíbl Hor
To Subyotim bffe
Memor
mangen a r|o tncudi
1)
CochirgSpoos
Intatal
Genea duuia -dive tauducuA dui
Spectic
C Drives tor

e) ROTECTION_AND SecURITY Controll adss

a l
Controll
mechanismev
Ay r e 0s
Proteion- utoucis dapinad by
oT u ë s to
pToCbe ptem Gaainet
inteunal

Deterbe e Denial of Seutco

Secuit wosVisse,
atack
Gk
Extanat to
dwhpquus h Omorg ueus,
st
Syotem geneally dhadh
Con do
oho qmumbu
teumr
indudo roma and a m o d a l
)UD Jdsntihe
O pex U e

u uwe Jc hon assoladed witn au f l , ProCs Ot

he u to dlateumins acus Corpol
alloos Sads os to b
u Croup ddutA
dotina 2 Cohol aroaed ten albo axso dwocal
oitn son Psous 4dit
 Le MANAGLmENT
Au - t lala managd b OS asin #orm o di cdonie
and 4ilus- Sexuicsbazosmð unduu 4iu maragemank

) C'seahion or dulution ueA,

9nformation, ltatio n,
) K e p drauK o
Salis ek
üi) Suppost fos hirauchicol Systern

eRUICES RoUIDeD By AN O

scqam EretutionT bupase of Copuln Spen

+o attow usus to execut roraums in an eftent
manneA T Os Pooutdus an enviraNment u w k uA
Can Conindusly u n eoe psoaar
Trteaution
Each Proram Ssquire
) T o puHon &euutcus Cant be prouidui
by
throuah 9/o alwi Cs. Thuse
Opeouhrasuy dloe
use-w d pTTamdo
Mari pulaion Opua Agsem Pouidho
3) S l m
8)
alloWS a usaHo mak Charqdn
a dharism -Hhad

fius
ollouas Commus
stem
4) Coomunilahon Opeaing
-
Cation nin Psocmed dk amon9 proCuses u o a
haue memorM O mes9e Paysa
0s dletecd £rros Gk memoy
5) ESor DeeCthon U
Ovetow XEos lat ed o Tlo cwt ts A4
dlatecon itaks Immediali sema e
 6 Kecou Lotato n .n mwhjabkig en
eboua Shaura Js ons o s mos 1mbortan

Shou n o

1) roteakion Secaui hseal ara autheri(at

ubu ba-torse attwsi d u s e m au n e a
Pvoteation Sec jekdn b n OsS

CPeRATTNG SSTe
CPEPATOS
peLaing bystem Opeuate osystem as uw as oY
udes +oT it Raauir to psoteh kune PsoCu
For t h OS otlous Dual od
Cadh oitn uses oCL
os +o protet its e
and 0m e
uations, nat allouws
uslem Componert8
umods ot Cpeaions Ou
a) USa mods Modu lit 4,execul usu cooth
Exetulz aysbmþrrouns
b) Keunel mod Hoals bttO,
houdusau +o duotpguusn u hu
modu b4s Qu rouid by
kouna Cods
dyiem Surnirg u oka o

Ssteno Co Chauraemod +o Kaxne!, aluun rom Co

Rosets HE usea

s e Pro

u r o s Exetuhirh a lim Aaliunom

umCau
odu bit:0

b
 No& when an inteupt os faul OcCushauduo a
Sootch to monitoY moole
velod înbtsuHons Can be iSSund Ony in monnoY

gnieupt
fautt

Se usn mool

Suste CAL) in uh a
psogramatic uoay
in n
AAystem au i a re Kene
&ewico. om
ormpde Prcqra Reaus
a

ot+ OS it i s execo e
on

eitnOS
oa-odeAat
a
Ts
Suwitus o osto LaDe rsoqram
rrouicls
Via AP and 0S
0g.
a P r o s Onal
Proeu
b/uw
Aca s Int uaoL
Uses Applicaho r
O p e n

modu Systern Cal goiefote

Kane

O Penl)
9mplumerHedio n

o pen)
set
-appl"inokn
-hardlikardl
t e m aU
Open
OpenC)Syslim
C)Szdam
Cal
user
 oluhraion|

Souuta
ExompCsliro Coy
XOmpScquknn
HCauie Snput fih
mam

w r i t Promt HoSercun

Hcceph 9npat
mamo
AcquiTe O P
wilt Promt to-SCreu

Accupt Snpu

Open a gnput i u
mot Exisi,abost

he Output u
Ceat
TExtst,abort

ooP
Raacl rom Input f
o i t to 8uput f
UnH) reosl fails
Cose ofp Gru
Ho S C )
Complulm a
wmt
Tumi nae m o r m a l

m Calls
Sewics a
L rocus Crmtio Amam
l Nauh memor arosemen
Hu Disectory QLc
L
V Deut kardliira
Proiecho
Neworkim
 a) ProCus Con o M
na Oubort
bPu manogmen
Lood, execul Cseals 48, dlue P
Csealt PsoCus, teumina Open, lose
ProCbs sad onuseposition
t diu attnbula
aloCali and frea memo
Ualt event Saral Event
Se Au althbu
d) Snforsmaion ainterana
c) Deu Harg4emut
Regust devitTelube oluwBu
al
Kaoel, wit, upos?rio getsnm dala &tSytem
get dduwic athibult
Se duwta a t i bull
dutouh
o a cally atach o r abuu
dawia
PosoCus, H os

ati buli
e Communi tation
Cormmuricoton
Connechion
Creali, dalute,
Sero TeaiuR meoae
t r a n e Staliu intoomaHo
dadeh remot dauiCu
& atach or

TRUCTURE
OreRATLNG SySTem
it Shoul
Suth a lompluN Stsuckw ,
An Dpeati stem used are
ane
i Coun be
Ca go
be Createo uoin utmast do-s b +o Crtato
to
A n ay uay
modit o easiy
in pdts U
t h e Opeairg
sL~m
OS Buch ams-Dos P
SmPLeSTAVLTURE
did mot awe well dafinad Strudiu
ogirpl Unx So Evcor in appu Coton
NoCPU exe uion
No
mo de
 Con ran the ohole
Sste. s -DoS has Somi Stsueal
-to
imeda 2 lauel o dunAionali au mot wu Seperates

Apicadlon ogta
SuStanm Poo um

ms- DoS Dewiu

Dnvs

Rom BiOS Devic Dwey

mS-Des TRuC TURE

oueee Strudiuan oay to ackeiue modulau
in puati rg System s th latue approauh n tn
tebottom Jay hauduwau9op mos iS udu
gnteta &ruaus, Opeaions etsom
Alth Jayeshiou somu
ppe day os Uppa ay
madls to
be diefnd prseCisely
athlayu
wes nttioroli
Couslat sbo APRS
Psapneuoorv
Y Ja a API
Ardkoid
Noie C Ct+ ibla unHM
(haduoon Abstatier la)
HA
Nnuy Kene

(Suduy DiSPlaCanrea eu
Pouoe marae en
A n d o i d kay hluw

Hw
 ICTO Keanelo
In s
apprraadh Kunelspt *o putoom matori y
ou

ComuniCahign Dau To olo this eu Suuiuw au kept

Bepealo at wer Spme rom kaunel sewt whith Tepidb»
On Kound spoe. TKs Radutus $iz ot kaunlOpaah
SLm
T+Prouialus minimal ewits co memo pats
Maungoement
Hpod Codion

Appticahion Deuit|H
TPC Sewe Dnvex Sewe

Vi Memon Scedulir

VIRTUALI ZATI ON

H Vitualicahion i în Context o Computig environm

-en
-ent + allous petahr Sptems +o lun ppiodi ons
wi+hin Ou Ose

ALSo, Os madiuel Complso for CPu, Aunnira Aust

OScs alo rahBuolom pd
ViTHualisotion Jer a hadunu dono by Vmm
CUi'stuad Hachina Maro
Vieua Hacine allousdo gun 2 dleunt oS on
Soms otos m
 Apileophup Awm
indous cus CALS u

wlps Os witO u
to dwelop app o r mulhtoll
aw mulhi po &yotem
tsidhouthowingmulHp a
T
c i rg applicaton
roCud soCel

Kun
0kamrtKaund Koun

9ntebeu7
9n+efa VM Vm VM3

Kone Utna Hochina Nana

aducw audluoouL

Ca b

keRNel 0g
an 0g
im poHani andl
ive Pau o an
pau of
tha masB
Keunel s a he
prcorum thar ts Coodsd
h rs
The Keune a ystem
Uohoneyu we a d
oo Loodu, t h USe
arol m
beln e a n
e întettau
pr oviduo CallLd as
T ssGm Lcq uwt
Com ponete o to Exeaut
xeauli
h maoa to
kund by poou
di CaU t
Types Reunel
botn u s u Aewtos
Sn buch Reunels &pae
Mono'ihie at bam
sam&paa
Suwt
u impumen ted
Keund tral
Aa° Runel is incTcaAeol
abova
Due to
increadesS eaOsS
Keine fasla a botn &e hen
atte
xe cution `ami Spo
auL ah
 Applicahon Pi(aionj Apocy nprovebgd
Ntootk
SuysLeno Sbeytim Prvdgo
MongltuC
MumoT Paus Dveu
rnanacNenH Marasement
Kund

anduoau

NotUniy Stsuclutu olibcussed in clas Coun be dugno

AdwanHaoed Disoduonegs
+ Poutdus CPu Schadul! ng 9 t h Sewics #ed ts henth
maagemant nsosohstiro Sslimit appen
Calls
thes +o ado kewiatran
9
e t i r a OS naads to
theu no Sepeuoli spoL mdtre

U MiCrokoune T s e Kunels sesSepeoh kocas-fu

Lbeu ard keune) Seuwicsthus redus Sge aRan
Aiso Teducw Si o Og e ó
paub C TPC, bouc sckadulira
Ony imposBcnt
olo af in Shuetuw e0S
Noli Di auailob
Disadwalog
AduomtOgeD
2 ConteX u t c
Sewics Aait entise Nesase Paat kan
d u t e 8epeab kpau
ham paud
Teaes
peaol
aduuCa ovda\ exeuution
ot
em
e o b y t oadd Sewias
Easto dioan modiPia