unit te SHAFTS AND CouPLINGrs Design of Solid and hetiow ghafts based on Strength, igiify ond crcl greed - keys» and dlexible covrlings. keynays and Splines. Rigid wdSHAFTS AWD coupts 4 DesiGn of SHAFT Based ON STREVMITH AGAINST STATIC LOADING Shotts may be dvujected de teting dypes of lerae to. ghal4s debjecled te dimple dovsiona)_ moments. cohen a. shal} 1S Gobjecled 4e Pere torsional moment the sha} ciamefer can be found rom dhe torsional Sheay strength dauation given 2 UbMe hen strength, X= bn Solid shelf : o ‘ _ sur pe 4°23 _Vertede day hottouo shal mw (det ds) PSO2B 7-2) tonere He- fersiona) moments ov rae Cum) dd ~ diamejer ot the Solid sthadt dy - subside diameter 04 the hee Shalt di - mside diameter ef dhe heviow shat} J — aownble Shean shengin= Co.8 40 0-577) 6y Gi, Shalt Subjected to simple bending moments sonen a shalt 15 Subjected toa Pore bending load , the Principal stresses indveed in the that} are tension and the maximum Stress induced in the shal can Compression « be determined by the theory of Simple bending a His given relation,we 3aMe Oo. 2 Jer solid chath fsa 72 fey hone hott P5090 7-21 cohae Mb bencieg moment thal] gubjected 4e- combined Jorsional_-memend aed berg iy. moment cohen a shat ig Sobiecled do combined leading, the des is usoally based on the Maximum shear Stress theory. since the Shalds ave vsuatly made of ductile majerials, A ecoiding jo maximem Sheav SHress Areery , the Aenowing Telation must be Sotistied. Loar= + Shea” mox= FIG rad \ _. > 5 [ faemyt a Cay (Om vd “na Siting we have, Tor = 8 Jae ae wp TMeM® dey Soha shafe rae Me = fr hots thefrom Solid shad} reladion ae Teele d= Paeene the Gxpression yang | tated eauivalerd Awisting moments and is denoted by Mie bo. shelds subjected to acd bing Toads the Asme [Imerian deciely ¢} Hetanical Engineers) has swonied oul Jpecial Procedne fey design of shad the Asme design ig bared en mavinun Sheny Sheoss theory and amrlaged Gmined Sher Gnd Jatiaue dace as MoH iplying Cocfietends . This hd ty vied de account for the tatere of Inad. this Jacler shad be avrlied fo commude bending soment and fovane «thus dhe Qavadion ter combined beading is as fotiows doe w = eee rr) VG Ce wey — dor solid th der bs eae —_ ade (-(2)] Ion em ~ Ghee recommen del crieerl ke and ky are listed in tilevalues of ky ond ke psamB 7-21 [rie et tng __ [| J dladionany shalt | Grainy amie ead | 1 Jaldenly amtied lood Revolving shad Sadly amied tad | "5 | t Maine thor lend ju5-2.0 [15-20 tseae [t= bs eevy chock load 2.03.0] 65-300 0, halt gubjecked fo Combined axel ood , bending moment and Jerstona] _mament. if the shlh it Sajeded do an Atal food in addition 4o levsinnal and bending amwmert as in Propeller shatis, fhen the oversge axial shes Should be added Je the bending stress and then She maximum then Stress induced in the shal} may be caltalated » when the length of the shad} is Smatt, the axa) Jerce voit! Produce either tensile ox compressive shresses only, then dhe shalt is aalie long iH may behave Tike a eolumn and hence stor buckling. ik the oxxial force (p) is Present and buckling of dhe shat fs qccaunted for, then the bucking chess fs given by. ~ Aha 6: = tor Solid shelf apo °* sae le (SF) or tee at3 Psuve 7.9) tahoe, OX = Column action acter 24 bev tensile load 4 _-_— - a Lxns rov009g (2 6 : =) cb tom whe 7 where Jength of the shatd yadie of gyration 6 = gin sheet ne tonstant dor types of column condition 2 1 tov both ends Hinged 2 2.05 der fixed ends = Wb dov both ends Pinned » Juided ond Partly Testvained for the bi-avial stress element Gvojected to divect shress (6), bending styess (6%) and forsiona) shear shress (Q) maxim cum Sheay stress is given byJutetiuding 6, Sy and Z values in the above eauation, Wwe gt if > r Fox : ——= fade |, , 8 2 {lbs = [tas + (rem) pect707.21 DeSicw of SHAFT FOR VARIABLE LOADING ‘Pscy 981-6) conen 4 Shall ts dubjected do dotione loading sshich varies Dedween maximum de minimum values is€. Prax te Prin 3 Mesimum Sess Omar = 2 Momas = + and ary Minimum “hess Gini = 22 Mersin as conere Mb = Bending memend = Pre Mean shes} Gm = Ome +Smin 2 Amnlttade shess Gq = me Minetmwn shear sks Loup © Minimum — Sheer shes 7 . Mean shear Stress im Anriitade Sher tres Lg = eeSedey borg gavation Equivalend shesses 6yg = Om Ke + 6. “Cs deg = Tn + Kee ee Accoting fe mnxinam shes chess os oo mraximsm Sheer Sevess 16 given bY (tas)en © & (Gh v4 (la) @. A Soild shal} Ise transmit Pwer hom an electic sreley Joa machine dmeugr a Paley by means ofa vertical bet daive with Uni} Sheed sadio. the Pulley weighs a50n and is Overhanging «at a distance Of laomm tim the bear! 3 Diameter OF Paley is 2eemm, Maximum Power transrni sed ad [serpm is 3kwW.' C eHicient of notion between the belt and the Pulley is 0-95. fombined shock and dainue dacor in tension is b5and in bending ts 9.0, Pormissible sheas stress tor the Shai} materia) is 40N[si.mm, design the Ghatt Standard diameter trom Rae Series in mm are Qo, 294,25, 28, 35/40, 45) 50) 5b 6317} and Bo Deda Griven Pustey welght = asendislanee = 120mm Diameley 09 Pillay, D > 2oomm => RK =lvomm Sheed, = 1504 Pm Power P= BRO to. Alicient of Fretion <0.95 Shock and datiaue dacor in tession ke = 15 Shoct and Aatiaue dacfor in bending k= 2 Shea stress P= 40 Nhmm? cata asked Shalt diameter, d. Solution :. she tevaue —drans raitfed by the shad} Mis Pete 2 Sx bo anu “genx tee =! 9BN- Ma = 196-98 x107y.mmalso | Me= (uBR Mr 140.98 x10” T-TER FS 0 t-te = 1909-8 N = For bei} drive 23 Jog (x) = MO [assuming 8-188 23 bey (R= onsen 2 toy (Sa) esas = 2.19 a 4 4 = 2195 Cm) Sup editu bing his value in @ava tion iy A095 te-T. = 1907, aN ty = 1998) 158 Nm Ti 5 l95 x 1598 158 = B50745N-mM Toda) load w= Ti Ta + Selb weignt of Pattey = 1598-158 4350795 +2.5° W = 5356-10BNBending momen} Me = Wx fi = 535.108 x190 5 &4aysar TEN-mm the Cauivalent dwisting Moment Hee = | Ckexme) + (kee me) = | (ox Geay32- 18) + (lsxI90 se = 1916999504 Vem Algo , Danivalent twisting Moment 3 Mie = 7 ed 3 1316999-504 = 4 xox d geet ~the shandard Aiameler of he shal} trom given Roo Joris d= 56mm Result Diamedor of the tha} d= 5mm1% be @. A boomm —Atamefer—Puatey driven by 4 hovisondal belt dvans mids Power thvexgh Solid Shatt Joa abamm diameter Pinion which aArives a mating ge the Pauley weighs 1con do Provide Some tyne! CHeel . the arrangement t] flemenis , the belH tensions and the components of “he Jer reactions 07 jhe Pinion ore as indicated in Figue, Selerming tha necessary shart chiameter Using 4 Suitable value Jer tommercia) Shatiing and shock tatiane factors Ot kesa and ke ahs. | Seon RETA wenn Bevon Data Given de zboommeabm => Pe -0.3m dp = 262mm = 0:96am Wp = I2eon ko 22 5 kee ns “to fing Shot} diameter dJelujion’ the Grace cliggrom ar shown in Fig on shadt xR = (bo00- fon dhe shat} at Pinion Tevane acting mee Ge) Horizon dal load acting Way = 3000N (give) load aeting on the shai} a4 Pinion Woo) X0-3 = 135E NM Vertical Wey = 8000 N Cgiver) loqd acting on ine Dalley Horigental sry +72, = be0o +1500 = “F5P0N We = Verheal load acting on the Palle wey = 1200N tvou Jed us tind the meet mum bonding anomen} 4x Verbical g horvigontal loading. ainy vertical lead only Consi tet Roy and Roy are dhe veachion A and D due Jo verdiea load Onis. Ray + Rav = $00+1200 = Iacons “fayking moment about 4 we ged Gooo x 0-295 +1200 x06 = Ryvxo-85 Rov = 2abaeTN Ray = I2c0— 2164.4 = 6235:3N* Bendiny moment a} B Maw = Ray 0.295 = b955 3x 0-995 = 14,02 W-m Bending moment a4 ¢ Mey = Rody %0:95 = 2964+TXO. 25 274107 M-m Vertical BM tiagvam is hecon in Figure fonsideving horisonta) ead_ont, Leg Ray and Row ave the Yeaction at A and dD vesfe — tively due de hevizondal toad , Rau+Rdy = So00 + 1500 = loSoony Taking moment about & Beco x0. 225 +7500K0.6 = Rox 0-8s Boe bata ending momen} af B Moy = Raxo-225 + 4031 95%0:225 = 907 wm Men = bax ores) - eeebuts cco) — lett ?)8)n 0 Hovigonial BM diagram is Shown in Fig Resuitan} bending moment a4 B Me = J (ta,)+ (Mey) Resutand bending moment a & © Prony (eos \e70.56Nm ve = (may (May? - Woo Goat (Meany + (Ma)? - tr8)% Gertz eriestner the Maximum bendiny mement ic 1778-4 N. motte Mab = 1778-9.0-mtea taser a e 225mm od som: [225 pa 375 sem, (©), Free beay dingrom , i 1 : Ray UW), vertical load aiggram Rov 00001 5e0N , Ja) -Hevinental load diagram Ren Ban 14oa.stn my (eh. vertical BMD 1611-18 Ke NS La 4 ©. Horisento BMD $1784 arm (9). Resulband aarp Eauivalend driching Moment Mee 2] Chem Chee)? = [Coxrrreay’y Case 350)" Mie = 4093-18 worn Assume that the shady is made uP ot €45 steel From PSDB, Oy 2 380 Nimm* ¥ uleOy _ Ste = 190 NJ? Equivalent twisting moment Mee = eked! 4 lox Mie, . lex Ho 8 we e198 d= d.04Tam = FT. 8TMM sthe nearest slandard diameter fs Semr Resurts @iametey of Shatt d = 5emm, @. A. mening Shatt is SurPerted im beavings having theiy centeys 150mm Qyart and bansmits 200 kw ot boot PM. A geox et 200mm fameter and ad feoth Pavttle is located asomm Jo He sigh 0} lett hand beeving and a 45077 “Aiameter pulley fs wneented a4 Joomm do the sim of vight hand bearing, Te gear 1S chiven es a Pinion with a rrrr—r=—=“ =e drives 9 hovigontal bet having Igo angle of contact . the Pulley weighs loson and has tension Yatio of 3.selecting Suitable maternal, calewate the yeaulved shaf} dia meter jor q dactor of Safety O42. Data Given). Power P £200 kW = 200% 10 Ww. Peed N= b00¥ Penpameder of gene Da = 200m™ pressure angle Xp = 20° pametey of Pulley Da = 450m 8 = 180 Locignt of the Paley WP looe pew tension Batvo = 3 Factor ot safety aa cpaja asked piomsier oi the shett Solus ion! athe Space Alagram as Shown In FI . 1 au dimensions are in mm = Wo knee that Power p= 25NME bo" aax boox Me gooxie® = BEX TATE = great wme 2181. 3x10 Heme Since beth dhe shalt and the paatey ave Meunded on the shi, Jovaue Ts the same toy B and > stelay doraue on the Shalt My Cie) Roe ( 31813 x 107 TT = 21214, 590 ; : ( Re 3 136 ON, a Hfangential teree acting en she gear B 2 x ax araiaxte aan ae eso oe tverma} load acting on the tooth of gen B Wa 2 fee, 28D oe = 33854+68N) co328 Resolving the nevmal load vertically end heri dorfally vertical Components ® Way = We (05 20 = 33 854.68 X05 20 7318 13N Wosigontal commfonent oF B Wen = Wesin20 = 3854-68xsingo = 1518.98 N Putey 5 carrying dela) toad ty +72 that acks hoviaertaily Hosiaontal load atD Wow = T+72 =21219-59 +7073-9> ee Sele weigh) oF Ahe Patley gets aleonwards (ie)yerticn load at 2D, Wav = Wp =1000N che verticat ana hoyigontal load diagram ase shown in Figere (wae) weapectively. momerds a} Various Points tor ver ‘ana horizonial loading, ti, tensidering versfeal Tad onty tea Ravana Rey are the Yeatdin at Aand ¢ YesPectively due Jo vertical toad only, Ta king moment about A Rey x 150 = 31813 x 250 +1000 x 950 Rey = natw Fer eauilibrium condition, Rey + Ray = 31813 +1000 = 39813N Ray = 32813-1187) = 20940. Bm aba =o go at B, May = Pay x 250 = 20942%250 = 5-9985x104-mm Bu @ ¢,Mey = 1000x200 = 2ec000 N-mm amADd=0 Vorlical bendin: a) bending moment ahiagyam is shown in Fig iy Considering horiaontal load only, Let Ray and Rey are the weaction at A and o yespectively Aue +e horisental load onlyay e600 W ain nis78s98 hone aN f) Teta) toad ctingram aigren, Up. vertical lead elfageamn 11578 48, Raw lo. terizonal load dtagyam | poy, 5.93% 108mm canietyemm = [@. Nevinondal BMD srosxetanm | (H Resutant — BmpTaking momen} about A Rey x 150 = 1578-98 x250 + 28299079 x950 Rey = 39697 ow For eauitibrium condition Rey + Ray = 0578-984 2829279 = 39 8717 Ray = Saar ~Rey = 398777 ~ 396972 Ray = 174 5760 BM @aco Be DB Mey = Rayxase = 174-576x250 = 43644 N-mm 66 «108 wemm am De “Mew = 28299-19 x200 = Bu@p =o ortgontal Bending momend iagram as Shown te Resultant Bending Moments. Resurtand BMC) A 2D = Resultant BM WB; Mba = Omg Ota™ ——— Mee = Jos osssxiot) 4 (4369gE = 5.23568 10%, Resultant MDC Me = (te) Mee - —— = | (2son0 + (S610) = S.6621c10¢N mm mm oy Resuttana bending moment is maximum at ¢ My = 5.669) 105 Ky em23 Assuming Jnat the sha is made up oF © 45 steo! from PSG DB, Cy = 380N mm* Jo maximum Shear stress theory ote Factor of Sofely n= 2 A cording 380 Fp tHe when auowanie Shear stress ipa) te 77D we know that : 0 Mag? eE*4 7 3 bases = naka = 135mm qhe nearert Standard diameter of dhe shatt d= ctimm Re suits diameter of He shat} d= Timm. 4 Vine Shall reeves Power Hnroyzh a gear and | pinsen - the Pinion i tonneched 49.7 lednie meter | detivering geKw oF ooo 7Pm of which 14 kw is serphed to gq mining machine threyyh & hevizonda) Puley dave at P and ‘he gernaining et the power is Sepptied to pianer anrough Pasteg Pe by @ Verdfen) belts the sthe dliametey et geay and Pinien are 4oomm Gnd mm, Fespectively. ‘the diameters ot ee lh Sooand Py ave Foomm and Aoomm Fe spectively + The roti bert fension in both drives ts 3. Design the shatt ot on the basis ot Strength. the Position @f gear, Pinion and Patley ave given in Figure green pata Givens. power P 290K = DoxI04w-mm fy Breed wy = loon yp Powey veautred dex mining machine P= 1400 sq x10 Powey Beaulyed Jer Planer machine Py = ku = bx tof\uam4 Diameter of gear, Dey > 400mm Biameior tor Pinson Dp = Isom Diameter of Pauey 2, Dp, = Toomey Diameter of Purley 2, D% = Foomm Ratio of belt tension = 325 pala asked s- cpivmeder of The shat A Solutions. conen dhe Pingon is vehading anHtelocewsise , the sear divection+ 50, the dangontial dowee win yelates in clo ctesoise be oppose be dension, and the vier belt on Pusey wit de tension, under Slack‘ aa NM Power poe Cue , be bs BIR I000 x Me ge mie ae Me 0.tareto® y.mm Force on he geat ential fesce on geat “tang Da rr ey Norma lead acting on the eas teeth, Fe Wat —— = 190+ 97N the normal load is aeting at ad to dhe Verticn), Resolving the normal load vertically and horizontally. Vertical component “Way = Wes 20 = Woy tos 20 = 3 a toto. qtc0s 26 =450n) hovizont ovigontal GomPmnent Woy = Wer singd = tol0.q7¢in2. Fosces at Pauey Pt “Draue trenten} we tromteniHed by nutey pyPx6o waite bo My = PEE 5 HAM AEE Sg, 1s37x10b umm DAN ‘2m x 1000 a leek st Let Tr and Ta ave the fension on fight side and slack side esreetivetys then (naa) Rev Me. = a (-2 %) as0 omsrate (i$) 9 = STBN ala “i tptal load acting on putiey, PF =1914 573 = 764N this load @¢4S horiaontaliy, Since the tive fs hetizomal parces a Paes Pa the wemaining ot Power (20-14) kw Ts trarsmiited at P, toa Paney machine, Meta Poxbo — &xiePxbo 5 eo SAREE = 57.296 e108 Nemm aTN 2 Nx.00 - Mty = (13-7) Re 3.5 (1-2 sranbxids Te (iB) 45° 57.296x19 = % (3 ee oes) bs ‘ Ta = 19001 85N %_ $nee985 zoeFela} load acting aan Paley Py 2190/9854 63-66 = 254.650 mits toga aks veritenlly » Since the dulve is vertical. the various Forces Acting onthe shatt are as shown in Fig Go, fonside ving vertient forces on's. she vertica} lead diagyam fs Shown io Fig tet Ray amd Rey O72 dte veactions at A and B Bestec _ tively due 4o Vertical load only ket Rey and Rey-aredre ¥eattion-at A-amd-B ¥espect} ~ yeny due te vertient_load_onty cra king moment about A Rav x geo = 254,65%x190~ 950x500 Ray = ~749-23N Fox cauilibarum — conditfen Ray + Ray = 254: 65~ 150 =~ 695+ 35~ Rav = ~700-28 ~ (~749.98) = $8.a5N) wow; let Us Caleutate the bending moment at various Points, Bu@a BM G@) Pr = RayX 100 =53x100 = 5300 N-mm B® Py = Rave 300-254.65x200 = ~35080N-mnm BM@ Oh = Rey xl00-= ~749. 93100 = — 74923N-mm | Verlica) bending moment dicgram ig Shown tn geredUb, Considering hoxizental fovces only cra king moment Abeut A Ray xboo = 7h4%300~ 347.5 7X500 Rey = 12:36N Ray + Pon S764-34%57 = 418 43N Ray = 416+43— 92.36 =32461N Bu@ A =0 BM@ Po = Rayxtoo = 324s1x 100 532400 N-mm BM@P) = Raw x3e0 = 394-1 e300 = 97 230N-mm BM QG = 9236 x 1eO = 1236 Nem Horinentar bending nemend Alagiam is shown in Fig Resattant bending moment at all fairts ave calculated a5 Fouews + Resultant BM R cont J . 2 esultant 8 @ Pa, Mra =|fon00)"4 Go a1)” = 3aaq0nimm Resultant By @ as Pus MP = \(-ssotq)" (a7236)*= tess4a.n-mm = (15933) + (9236) = 75947 -)-mm Resaliont B® Gr v4 = [¢ The vesultant bending moment diagsam Shown in Ff; 8 b ing mom diagram is sho a) tthe maximum Yesultawt bending moment Aeting at Pulley p n i 0 dein Me = 103342+ 4.N-mm4047-5 G2. “otal lend oagrarn , vertical L994 ettagern “t64N | a a hk Foon " sare Py (©. Horizontal load afagrary > } 53¢0N-m eee > A o . 8 —t : 35036 WM . tao, voutical 8 77412308 Fm, ae Dee Fi ), Hetisental BMD $033.44 N-mm - “anager oT Lat | . beet ated 7 G Resaont mp, Fauivatend #.0isting moment (403342+49%4 (ong ix108)® = 2171 65Nemm Assuming that the Shatt is made of c45stee! having tors tenal ield strength oF Ign /mm* and assuming Fos, the atrowanle shear stvength, Mee Duene Te Es 3.23 achemm® + Poor iae fy = aon? wer a Mies BE *Xad J 20m = Te eszanq? 5 de a5a4mm Rewts . NE Nearest “higher stondmad sine d= 2am2 besion OF SHAFT BASED ON RiorDiTy an many Cases, he shal} is 40 be olesigned trom Riyidily Point oF Ula. Zn such cases toxsional igi 4y as well as laters) vijidity Should be considered. @asgesign lev devsional vigidity -the angle 0 duis} (8) in vadions sos a Solid Circa ay shal} of Gnitorm diameter ol and length Lis given by pe Mt Ta conove Mg = Toraue on the shodt °s Gy = Modulus ot Rigidity tox tne Shad} material 12 length oF the shah ‘J = Poly moment of Inertia on the Shatt Bxdt ashen fre Angle 6 twist is measured in deguees , the aua tion in modi tied 40 a4 1 Me 8: — = dor solid shatt aa* _ eMeD | & (asta) ar’) — tox hovtew Shadt tunen jhe value 04 Permissible shear stoess (x) and the Qiiowable angle oF twist (A) ave Specidied , dhe Viensting , lengin ot the Seid “shatt is given by 2Maxt ad Gs: Viefey slondava aprtfeation , Ane fovsional dedlection must 1° dov a length oF Shalt Caval to20 Himes «the nod oxcecet diameter an Case ot camshat of Tc engines, T+ Should be legs than 65" Degardtess ot the thabt Fengin-in line shod Value, Last teas’ per mater may be daken as the Femi tin, Design dos lateral rigidity leis anoiner Important clesyn Criferione The value of desleciten of a Shatt due 42 Vaviour transverse darces Intec ig very Tmperdant because fF 1 Used to estonsish the inimem permissible Clearance between the nutes, gears ,beaving ond hovsing for the sind# Assembly He the clearance increases or deceeases duc to lateral dedlerdion, it rin Yesutt in uncven| disiribution of torce ,twhich Ultimately causes early Jailure.Lare| dejlection of & shat} Gan be Contuoned by the Fevosing oy ch, Reducing the Span length iy. Tneveasing the number of SuPrerts Gi. deleeding Ahe cress Section in wnich the ave momen. eg Inertia 1s large a8 in case Of tahuiay oF hetiow’ Shaft, re is desivable do limit tne Permissible maximum transverse deslection of dhe shatt % Fer machine Benerarty taxen ag Lovo! to 0.003), wneve Lis he SEM between two bearing, ov Sha mo a mounting Ged quality stor geny, the detection Shadt, maximum Permissible detection, at the gear Should net oxceed oroi times dine module of be tem and slope Should be limidteg to 0.0926° °the Permissible misalignmend tolavance der deep groove ba boning is #28) A Poiod steel Sh at SeomM outside drameter and geormm inside diameter is used do dzve a Provetey of a Tnanine vesse) ThE shat iy mounted on bearing bm apart ana it transmids boo KO at I50RPI « Maximum axial Ihsvet 4s Seok and the Shadd weighs Tok: Determine . &), Maximum Shear stress induced, ©, Angular twist of ea shalt between the beavings meta Grivens. outside dia do = 500mm= 0.5m anside dis at 2 300mm co.am power P= 56D KW = 5b00x 15'W aisiance, L > bm = 610mm Maximum ascial USE, F 2500 kN = soo IGN FY weight, W = TekN = 7ex1ON Dada asked. 1 Maximum Shear stress induced, L 2. Angular twish behwcen dhe beaving & Selution’. Moximum shear stsess developed in the shit Let {= Moximum shear Stress developed in shase We know thot the dovaue transmitted by the shat} epee 2TwMe = o.3b6xto7V-mm paartmem bending moment due do the self -weight ot the dint Caete pn Ts Considered a9 4 Simply Surrorted bear with uae + 315 x10, Now, let us dina oud the column Factor, we know that the least tadivs of gyration EE Rleot a] Leas (iT Leah: (ane) A = Fle] [wr Gy] a wy cy (ae) ' my ¥ Qs (a) = [eatregt = 014 54m Ts 145-amm . booo +, slenderness vate, & = 22° . ang ve 145.0 and -tolonn factor yp, 2 gp 1.010044 resseas 4 Vela Bhae Assoming dha -the toad Ts avplied gradually , we have keohs 5 ke oho . a 2 O83. wey Fos 708 | Wwe know that divaler jistic ‘the Cauivalent dusting nomen ty a hotino cheb poeeesseneaveeaet ATE Mee = eee . [fev BROS cocaF 5 J [rseesenets o2 eo nine Fo ]s Geese Mee = 0-634 xI0TN-mm = 0. 634 xto bye we algo keno that he eauivalend dishing moment tora hottow shat Me = Ex rede (I-ut) a - on6aa xiol= fp e500 XX Li- @.0)4] J = 24.66 NImm™ = 2066 MPR a. Angular -buist between the benting Angulor Heist bebseen bearings In radian Let 8 we know fmt the Polar moment of inertio of 4 heltew shag é: r= 5 [tao*- Get] = 2 [e-9'- coy] = o-00584 04 From the ‘tessional gavation 6 00634 x108 x & 5 Ba xio! x000534 53, 180 ° 4Ox15 2 SP = 00458 Resorts! Gh Maximom shea stress Induced, {= 29. 46 MPa Ge Anguler twist between the bearing , 8 eeeDESI OF SHAFT Based on CRITICAL SPEED evitical ov eoni ning or cohipring Speed ts the Sreed at which the shatt fends do vibvate Violentiy inthe transverse direction. 30 ret 1) at) Gu ihieh ‘wesonance OCCUYS ATE KNOWN as the cwiltcal Speed, Causes 04 the Criffeal Steed Oe en) een ene ool fetiwing ‘seasons: &. Exentric mountings like ears, yore) 1 Putey 295 ir, Bending 04 the shai} due do Hs own welznt, Glu. wen untiorm distibation of beier [ma Ferfal ) ck, ‘]rca} er wwhivling sReed Wey 2 On = i d= al . JF Ges UE Neg is the Critica) whirling Sneed th a.7.$, then ey =91Na = [2 Nes ay IE = 9 uns oe conese. G = static deflection of the shah k= ctiltness O4 the shaft m = mass of tne Pulley ex gear nonce the eviti 3 © critical em whivlng SPeed ot the Shalt in BPS Ts @aual to th 2 ; € Patera drequency of -tvansverse Vibvations mm HR37 tohen @ shalt Caraies 1 Pulleys ov gears the Critical Sreed of the Shatt may be ound by Dunkeslay's Cavation given by . A steel shal} toomm in Atameter is loaded And Supported th Short bemrings 0.4 m apart the shalt Carries three londs i dixst mass of 12 kat dhe cendve, Second mass of Io kg aka distance O.lam 4rom dhe let bearing and dnivd mass of Thy at a distance o-01m trom ane wignt beanie Find ahe value of the critical speed by using dunkerley's method. Data Given Hokg ds toomm =o1m 5 220-4m Data asked enitiea) Steed Solution: A shatt Supported in shows bearings ig assumed 4o be % Simply Supported beam. the given shalt as shown in Fig Moment of Znertfa ok tne shalt that Fount e earetstmt Foy sheel shal} & = 2x10" NI Slatie deflection due tomas of Io ig diz Web™ omg ate eee Cox 9.50 li 2)" (0-259 3 axwD (gains oq a exis FmGinitosty slate dedlection due 4eq load of akg fe wee (i2%.81) (0.2)" 60.2) yi BETR 5 (a xt!) Carri Jos $a = 59g x17 Tm [here azoams b= 0am] and ghatic detection due Joa load of Tkg aye 2 og) Sys WER, Cased los O09 oy sous tn “gerd 3 (axtel) Canes og There aco.g -0:09=0:31m and b= oom] The natural dveqvency of ‘transverse vibsations Vecovding Jo tne Dunkerley's equation is given by j.. ete Lorhtds § 0.4985 Maas D+ (5188 10°) 4 (453656 °) Jae ane gunz we know dhad the cvidical speed of the Shot ino P.S ig caval to the natural freavency @F tyransyexse Vibvations “wm nz wv critical Sneed othe Shot Ney = 44 TPS = 4 41x 60 2543684 DPM39 Desions OF KEYS AND Keywny [psoime 516-5: 24] 1 key is a device ushien i osed or connecting due smtenine us Jar Preventing velaaive motion er todation with yespeet da each odher. fo accommodate the keys a rove “ated Keguny is cat on the hob or the shad 93 oth. Types os KEYS ‘the commonly aderied forms ot keys may be classi tied inte dour types ty. Saddle key &. tangent Fey Bi) Sone key (ip. Roune Key and taper Pins 4. Saddie key Ch. Hewew Saddle ker iy. Flat Saddle key in this key the bottom of key, is Shaped te Ait tne curved Surtace A be om bedi A. Tangent key cme be bndtead ‘ai ed amb doh = is the ae ofthe shat S this keys Ate fitted to withstand ‘ersion in one direction only 7 this kegs ave used in neavy dey Shatts, -Sunk key Cy Pavalien sunk key she Pavattel Sunk keys may be od veclargelar oF savax cress Section as shown InFigp abe ©. Reclongle sunk Key & Savare Sunk key diy Taper sunk key e kK Gib, tris head Key Lensdioat ged pobed op hed ah Me Taper 131004) (i. wood vet key weed SoH Key, h Shah = | @ Le orisdtooad be onl6d , and he oasd te od (0 Kennedy key ah consist ct two Squore Keys wonich ave Placed eithes 96 6¥ l2etapmd as shown fn Fly Fenredy key @. Round key A woond 4027 Fin having q fates of arout 1; 200 has proved Satisdactosy tor heavy-duty tevaue transmission. the main advanigze is that the wound key Produces less shess concenmation ai the keyuny Indhe shalt. the Alameier ot the key fe d/6. it is also knew as Pin Key ov nothesg keysDESIGN OF KEYS O. Sune kee A Sunk Key is Subjected 4o fio Caval and omesite fences. cohicn ave aistribuied forces For ova analysis, it 15 assumed that dheis edtect ig Rauivalent toa concentrated fooce acting tangential 4 4he diameter of the shalt as shown in Figure. aM. . 4 tangensial Heree, FS My ered] wrere, My = Average tovaue tBansmi Hed iameser of the shata fal) eter in Sheay om coushing | Shear plane, @. sheaw taitwre the engential Foree acting qt the shat} vadius may douse shear daituve of the Key. the ayeo-weststing sheay fs Shon in Figure as Abe hatened area 1-2- 3-4 A = Area that sesist shearing of key = uxb a tee F=qxixb Sheay serengin %43 (b. exushing pressive stresses owe Produced between key and the oh the hub and Shaft Paton may cause crosning tele com key wo Tee prea Hhae vesiels Crusminy,A Lx 2 - h pe SexLe oq key 15 Yeauived te be eavaliy strony ‘in sheng and the Sheay Strength may be eavated othe cyushing cxusning » strength Pub =Oextx yz oe. oe wn T trenevaily , compressive Stress is denen tistce thar of sheay stress he» Se 227, thevedere b= she [engin of die Key ts door out by enuating sheos strength ot the Key ond the shadd. Shear strength of the key = Yrxrxbx i 3 sheaa strength ot the Shabt = Tx d eX @, Tarver key ina tarer key. the torque is drangmisted Primarily beeavse obdhe eaedging ac Ine evedging Aching between the taper key and che hubsthe tovaue tyansmidked Mg = OS bLd Oe wnese to. CHticiend ot driction between the shel} andthe heb ty sahe axial deve necessary 40 dave the key dasterner is the gum ot dhe Avietional Aerce between the key and the shatt and the Tretienal devce due te compressive devce. ' Fo = Allah +F iene cohere, F reomPsessive dexce acting on he key = bt Be Ly = to-elticient of Arietion between the key ahd the Shade @. arejermine the Atmensions et dhe Teelangulay sun key made op oy mid sleet dora gemm diameter miid steel Shalt te teancmit @ fovaue of 1BSN-M ASSUME X=SON Imm? ANA Ge = 120.N/mmry malo Given diameter of the shai A= gomin stevaue do be tratsmified Me =135.-™ = 195 x10°N-mm Shear stress X= 50 Imm™ Cuoshing stress Tc = 4208) mm> Data asked: Dimensions oF veciangular sunk key Setuaton? From PsimB 5.16 dor the given Sha Aiomete ot gomm width of the key, b = 22mm, Neight obtne key fh = 14mm Lengih of the key L = &3 te 250mmEyem retentions of dhe Key Ls V5 = 5X80 = 120mm G check dex sheaw strengih of key Me 2 Xub i Maxed 7 = 135x080 See = 278 w/a hich is less than the attownte strength hence the dimensions axe in Sate limit. tip, check dor crushing Se = 4,02. Nimem™ cohicn is less than the allowable strength , hence the dimensi Gre in Sate limit Results. width of key b = 99mm height of key hs 14mm Longth of key laomm,cpesians oF SPLIVES (PsoumR 5.31 ~ 5°35) Srined Shait has numver 64 key like Projection Integval with Te and @avatly snqced arsoond the eiycumference a Shown jn Figeve. these are engaged With Corresponding wecess ing SPines hub Splines are mest treavendly Used in Automobile and machine fools the BIS has Standaydiaed the number ct SPlines on the Shalt as tour, Six ten and Sixteen. “the Vasious modes oF Jailure of Sptines and theiy correspon! = ding strengin eavation are given as dofiews. considering besving teilwe voraue tronsmiied ML = a Ph Ln (>-h) there Py. bearing Pressure L = Length ob dhe splines Hs humver of ertines h = heigh) 04 the Splines ch Considering bending failure 3th Bending stress 6b,= SE where F = tangential force acting nthe smines be wid 4h edhe spiines,Ui). considering shear diture a r shea staess L = Er @. vesign a spine which fs Teauised dou the geaa and the Shad assembly ofa Gear box +25 ku) Power at 500 8PM is beans mitted oy 4ne Stings , the Tormat Pressure on the Splines 1's tNimm® The Coediciend ot tyicion is G06 the allow able Shem Stuength ofthe matesia) is 75NImm*, Also detesmine athe force veauised Jo move the ger axially along the SPlines Data Given! Power tebe dransmifled P= 25 kW Speed , N = S00 ¥Pm Beaving Pressuve Pl = 7mm Ce eiticiend of deiction, = 006 Aewable shear stress = 75N/mm™ pata asked: Dimensions oF the Spline Setutton Pxbe 25x 108% bo Toraue My = TEC! amxboo © F77PFENM From Psapp 5:3) fetus assume the standard spline of $x52xb0 the dimensions ot spline ave Majer diameter ,p = bom mines diameter, d= 52mm Nomber of Sines = & GW eneee for Shear dailore oF the shady Wetenow that “My = 2 a a Te *Axdpas eget Arr AbxY Hx {x00 Y= 129 Nim m™ ahien is less than the Permissible shear strength shence the design is sete Cheek Jor shear styess in splines IMe ox 477.4 bxI0" Shear deve F = Qe Sa th 18363-8N we alge know that wes $ Phin -h) Arnabxids Lxrxgxtxe (be-4) (one L = teiamm Say 1 = 8omm p-4 Tnaveed Shear sexes Ls Em 19363-8 [+s assumed bin * pxaexe 2 wef ats ] £18 fmm ® tonich ég alse within dhe atlowable limit + Henee the design is Sage. Cor toon Ps 98 5+31, for 8x 52X Go; b=lomm «this value canalso. be used instead of 15mm as assumed here) force Teauired move tothe gear axfauy ax HE. 0:06x1836308 7 7 =lan gan S94 140Nn Resulis, Design sreciticarion Ot Splines is Bx52x60 and Length of spline = Re mm Foxce veauired te move the gear ax jaye lgon,47 DESIGN OF RIGID AND FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS ahe tlements which Join due shajts are Erewn As courtings. courtings are vied then fhe shafts of foo independent units Suen ‘as Cleetrie meter Gnd Cendzitugat Pomp ane de be Connecded + covering algo Server deme other usetul dunctions as Sotieus Ye atiows Cary disconnection ot Shaits doy vepaig and Main dennnce. 2 Ty wed do connecg tivo shatas In order do get long snatis 3. To Poovide misalignment of the Shas ov de indreduce mecharied Sle xiiviay, 4. te intaeduce Pacteetfon agains} over iad 5. to vedvie the transmission oF Sheek leads “bum one chet} do anetner ‘types of — ourtings tyres. a R couplings i is Used only in low-speed Applications Wrere Gerd axial alignment between the cormecting shars com be aenieved, Both the shots that are do be Connected ave Ferfectly aligned laterally ond angularly. Misalignned Sintis » hen Connee ted with a rigid courtings , can lead do bearing oy fatigue filue, Mexitte — courtings Wis used de connect for she conten have lateral OY angular misalignments His also Used te veduce the Cid ect PF shock and impact oodClassidication of couplings | a i courtings Flexible couplings 1—+—, ae universe) = Sleeve oy damn Flange pares corti cae fe tin tyre "— caenings Boxor tH Sed. courte Min tte Cwonting mad 8 Compression curing, GD. DESIGN OF Box OR MUFF OR SLEEVE COUPLING, CPsamB 5.163 1. Design of sleeve As already mentioned ,the Sleeve is designed by consid evn 7} ag a hotiow Shatt tence, the teroae de be tromsmi Hed by the sheve & given vy 7 vita? Mee ip (2 euneve 3 — shear strength ob the sheave maderial = ranilmnt dor ex trom dhe above eladion, induced Shear stress cam be deter mined and dhan it can be compared with atiowable shear stress the Usual Proper sions the Sleove. Courtings ave as tovious outside diameter of Sleeve, ad +13mm Length of sleeve L = a.54 there d- isthe drometer atthe sha debe Coupled.A. design of Key Wp we use two keys de connect boah dhe shatt then the length ot enen key , b= $ gore, Mee RXV EES ep ast (-<-£) ae Me Lib a Crs shearing area Ass be) tuneve Ye shear shengin ot keg material = 54 fo.\20 wi lenm™ check Joy_crushing steraue Ma = Oe Ae a Crrereshing area Ay Ma = Orde hed eohere 2 Crushing Shrength of keg material zlsowirm? dev steel = &oN Imm tox o2 steove ox muss