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Tut Q

This document contains a set of tutorial questions for the course EC7C02 - Wireless Communications at the National Institute of Engineering Mysuru. The questions cover topics related to wireless communication systems including Doppler shift, fading channels, channel modeling, cellular system design, and multiple access techniques. There are a total of 10 questions provided for Tutorial 1 and 10 additional questions provided for Tutorials 2 and 3.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

135 views14 pages

Tut Q

Uploaded by

Ananya M Kashyap

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Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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The National Institute of Engineering Mysuru

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

EC7C02 - Wireless Communications - Tutorial Questions

AY 2023-2024 (odd semester) Faculty in charge: Dr. Vijay B T

Tutorial 1

1. The speed of an aircraft is 500 km/hr and it is heading towards the airport control tower
at an elevation of 25°. The communication between the aircraft tower and the plane
takes place at a frequency of approximately 128 MHz. What is the expected Doppler
shift of the received signal in positive and negative direction?

2. Describe all the physical circumstances that relate to a stationary transmitter and a
moving receiver such that the Doppler shift at the receiver is equal to: (a) 0 Hz (b) fdmax
(c) - fdmax and (d) fdmax/2.

3. Using the coherence bandwidth approximated Equation Bc = (1 / 5στ), show that a flat
fading channel occurs when Ts≥10στ.? Hint: Note that Bc, is an RF bandwidth, and
assume that Ts, is the reciprocal of the baseband signal bandwidth.

4. If a particular modulation provides suitable BER performance whenever ((στ/Ts)≤0.1),

determine the smallest symbol period Ts, (and thus the greatest symbol rate) that may
be sent through RF channels shown in below Figure, without using an equalizer. Also
calculate the 90% correlation and 50% correlation coherence bandwidth.

Figure: Two channel responses

5. For the following digital wireless systems, estimate the maximum rms delay spread for
which no equalizer is required at the receiver (neglect channel coding, antenna diversity,
or use of extremely low power levels).

System RF Data Rate Modulation

USDC 48.6 Kbps π

𝐷𝑄𝑃𝑆𝐾
4
The National Institute of Engineering Mysuru
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC7C02 - Wireless Communications - Tutorial Questions

AY 2023-2024 (odd semester) Faculty in charge: Dr. Vijay B T

GSM 270.833 Kbps GMSK

DECT 1152 Kbps GMSK

Tutorial 2

6. If a baseband binary message with a bit rate Rb = 100 kbps is modulated by an RF

carrier using BPSK, answer the following:
a. Find the range of values required for the rms delay spread of the channel such
that the received signal is a flat-fading signal.
b. If the modulation carrier frequency is 5.8 GHz, what is the coherence time of the
channel, assuming a vehicle speed of 30 miles per hour?
c. For your answer in (b), is the channel "fast" or "slow" fading?
d. Given your answer in (b), how many bits are sent while the channel appears
"static"?

7. Approximately how large can the rms delay spread be in order for a binary modulated
signal with a bit rate of 25 Kbps to operate without an equalizer? What about an 8-PSK
system with a bit rate of 75 Kbps ?

8. Write a Matlab code and observe the results based on fading (Flat Fading/Rayleigh
Fading/Rician Fading/Frequency selective Fading)

9. A local spatial average of a power delay profile measured at 900 MHz is shown in below
figure:
The National Institute of Engineering Mysuru
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC7C02 - Wireless Communications - Tutorial Questions

AY 2023-2024 (odd semester) Faculty in charge: Dr. Vijay B T

a. Determine the rms delay spread and mean excess delay for the channel.
b. Determine the maximum excess delay (20 dB).
c. If the channel is to be used with a modulation that requires an equalizer
whenever the symbol duration T is less than 10στ, determine the maximum RF
symbol rate that can be supported without requiring an equalizer.
d. If a mobile traveling at 30 km/hr receives a signal through the channel, determine
the time over which the channel appears stationary

10. The local average power delay profile in a particular environment is found to be
2

( )
−6
10 −6
𝑃(τ) = ∑ 2 δ(τ − 𝑛10 )
𝑛=0 𝑛 +1
a. Sketch the power delay profile of the channel in dBm
b. What is the local average power in dBm?
c. What is the rms delay spread of the channel?
d. If 256 QAM modulation having a bit rate of 2 Mbps is applied to the channel, will
the modulation undergo flat or frequency selective fading?
e. Over what bandwidth will the channel appear to have constant gain?

Tutorial 3

1. Prove that for a hexagonal geometry, the co-channel reuse ratio is given by Q = 3𝑁,
2 2
where 𝑁 = 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑖𝑗. Hint: Use the cosine law and the hexagonal cell geometry.

2. The-coverage area of a cellular system is 2000 sq km with each cell having a radii of 5
sq km. and there are a total of 1000 radio channels available for handling the traffic.
(a) Calculate the system capacity for 7-cell reuse.
(b) If N = 4. how many times the cluster has to be replicated in order to
approximately cover the entire cellular area? Calculate the system capacity for
the given case.
(c) Does decreasing the cluster size increase the system capacity? Explain.

3. Let R1 radius of macrocell and R, radius of microcell and k=ratio of the macrocell to
microcell radius. prove that the cluster size for the microcell can be reduced by k2

4. A cellular service provider decides to use a digital TDMA scheme which can tolerate a
signal-to-interference ratio of 15 dB in the worst case. Find the optimal value of N for (a)
omnidirectional antennas, (b) 120° sectoring, and (c) 60° sectoring. Should sectoring be
The National Institute of Engineering Mysuru
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC7C02 - Wireless Communications - Tutorial Questions

AY 2023-2024 (odd semester) Faculty in charge: Dr. Vijay B T

used? If so. which case (60' or 120') should be used? (Assume a path loss exponent of n
= 4 and consider trunking efficiency.)

5. In a dense urban environment, path loss component = 4.5 and the required
signal-to-interference, S/I, is 13 dB. Calculate (a) The reuse factor permissible (b) If the
cell size is reduced to increase the capacity, how it would impact practical wireless
design systems (c ) For the rural environment with path loss = 3, discuss the permissible
reuse factor.

Tutorial 4

6. The AMPS system is allocated 50 MHz of spectrum in the 800 MHz range and provides
832 channels. Forty-two of those channels are control channels. The forward channel
frequency is exactly 45 MHz greater than the reverse channel frequency.
(a) Is the AMPS system simplex, half-duplex. or duplex? What is the bandwidth for each
channel and how is it distributed between the base station and the subscriber?
(b) Assume a base station transmits control information on channel 352, operating at
880.560 MHz. What is the transmission frequency of a subscriber unit transmitting on
channel 352?
(c) The A-side and B-side cellular carriers evenly split the AMPS channels. Find the
number of voice channels and number of control channels for each carrier.
(d) Let's suppose you are chief engineer of a cellular carrier using seven-cell reuse.
Propose a channel assignment strategy for a uniform distribution of users throughout
your cellular system. Specifically, assume that each cell has three control channels (120
sectoring is employed) and specify the number of voice channels you would assign to
each control channel of your system.
(e) For an ideal hexagonal cellular layout which has identical cell coverage, what is the
distance between the centers of two nearest co-channel cells for seven cell reuse? For
four-cell reuse?

7. A receiver in an urban cellular radio system detects a 1 mW signal at d = do = 1 meter

from the transmitter. In order to mitigate co-channel interference effects, it is required
that the signal received at any base station receiver from another base station
transmitter which operates with the same channel must be below -100 dBm. A
measurement team has determined that the average path loss exponent in the system is
n = 3. Determine the major radius of each cell if a seven-cell reuse pattern is used. What
is the major radius if a four-cell reuse pattern is used?

8. A total of 24 MHz of bandwidth is allocated to a particular FDD cellular telephone system

that uses two 30 kHz simplex channels to provide full duplex voice and control channels.
Assume each cell phone user generates 0.1 Erlangs of traffic. Assume Erlang B is used.
The National Institute of Engineering Mysuru
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC7C02 - Wireless Communications - Tutorial Questions

AY 2023-2024 (odd semester) Faculty in charge: Dr. Vijay B T

(a) Find the number of channels in each cell for a four-cell reuse system. (b) If each cell
is to offer capacity that 90% of perfect scheduling, find the maximum number of users
that can be supported per cell where omnidirectional antennas are used at each base
station. (c) What is the blocking probability of the system in (b) when the maximum
number of users are available in the user pool? (d) If each new cell now uses 120°
sectoring instead of omnidirectional for each base station, what is the new total number
of users that can be supported per cell for the same blocking probability as in (c)? (e) If
each cell covers five square kilometers, then how many subscribers could be supported
in an urban market that is 50 km x 50 km for the case of omnidirectional base station
antennas? (f) If each cell covers five square kilometers, then how many subscribers
could be supported in an urban market that is 50 km x 50 km for the case of 120°
sectored antennas?

9. Determine the noise floor (in dBm) for mobile receivers which implement the following
standards: (a) AMPS, (b) GSM, © DECT, (d) IS-95, and (f) CT2. Assume All receivers
have a noise figure of 10dB.

10. For a particular radio transmission Technology, a minimum S/I ratio of 15 dB is needed
for proper operation. What is the minimum required cluster size?
The National Institute of Engineering Mysuru
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC7C02 - Wireless Communications - Tutorial Questions

AY 2023-2024 (odd semester) Faculty in charge: Dr. Vijay B T

Tutorial 5, 6 & 7

Note:
● Q.No. 1- 4 belongs to Tutorial 5
● Q.No. 5- 9 belongs to Tutorial 6, and Q.No. 10-11 are optional
● Q.No. 12-17 belongs to Tutorial 7
The National Institute of Engineering Mysuru
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC7C02 - Wireless Communications - Tutorial Questions