SCHEME OF STUDIES

FOR HSSC (CLASSES XI–XII)

COMPULSORY FOR ALL (500 marks)

1. English (Compulsory)/ English (Advance) 2 papers 200 marks

2. Urdu (Compulsory)/ Urdu Salees In lieu of Urdu 2 papers 200 marks

(Compulsory)/ Pakistan Culture for Foreign
Students Part – I and Pakistan Culture Paper-II

3. Islamic Education/Civics (for Non-Muslims) 1 paper 50 marks

4. Pakistan Studies 1 paper 50 marks

SCIENCE GROUP (600 marks)

The students will choose one of the following (A), (B) and (C) Groups carrying 600 marks:

(A) Pre-Medical Group:

Physics, Chemistry, Biology

(B) Pre-Engineering Group:

Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics

(C) Science General Group:

1. Physics, Mathematics, Statistics
2. Mathematics, Economics, Statistics
3. Economics, Mathematics, Computer Science
4. Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science
5. Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science

HUMANITIES GROUP (600 marks)

Select three subjects of 200 marks each from the following:
S. No. Subject S. No. Subject
1. Arabic/Persian/French/English (Elective)/Urdu 10. Sindhi (Elective)
(Elective) 11. Civics
2. Economics 12. Education
3. Fine Arts 13. Geography
4. Philosophy 14. Sociology
5. Psychology 15. Mathematics
6. Statistics 16. Computer Science
7. History of Modern World/Islamic History/ 17. Islamic Culture
History of Muslim India/ History of Pakistan 18. Library Science
8. Islamic Studies 19. Outlines of Home
9. Health and Physical Education Economics

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COMMERCE GROUP (600 marks)

HSSC – I
1. Principles of Accounting paper – I 100 marks
2. Principles of Economics paper – I 75 marks
3. Principles of Commerce paper – I 75 marks
4. Business Mathematics paper – I 50 marks

HSSC – II
1. Principles of Accounting paper – II 100 marks
2. Commercial Geography paper – II 75 marks
3. Computer Studies/Typing/Banking paper – II 75 marks
4. Statistics paper – II 50 marks

MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY GROUP (600 marks each)

1. Medical Lab Technology Group
2. Dental Hygiene Technology Group
3. Operation Theater Technology Group
4 Medical Imaging Technology Group
5. Physiotherapy Technology Group
6. Ophthalmic Technology Group

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 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION POLICY
(1998 – 2010)

AIMS

Education is a powerful catalyzing agent which provides mental, physical, ideological

and moral training to individuals, so as to enable them to have full consciousness of their
mission, of their purpose in life and equip them to achieve that purpose. It is an instrument for
the spiritual development as well as the material fulfillment of human beings. Within the context
of Islamic perception, education is an instrument for developing the attitudes of individuals in
accordance with the values of righteousness to help build a sound Islamic society.

After independence in 1947 efforts were made to provide a definite direction to education
in Pakistan. Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah laid down a set of aims that provided
guidance to all educational endeavours in the country. This policy, too has sought inspiration and
guidance from those directions and the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The policy
cannot put it in a better way than the Quaid’s words:

“You know that the importance of Education and the right type of education cannot be
overemphasized. Under foreign rule for over a century, sufficient attention has not been
paid to the education of our people and if we are to make real, speedy and substantial
progress, we must earnestly tackle this question and bring our people in consonance with
our history and culture, having regard for the modern conditions and vast developments
that have taken place all over the world.”

“There is no doubt that the future of our State will and must greatly depend upon the type
of education we give to our children, and the way in which we bring them up as future
citizens of Pakistan. Education does not merely mean academic education. There is
immediate and urgent need for giving scientific and technical education to our people in
order to build up our future economic life and to see that our people take to science,
commerce, trade and particularly well-planned industries. We should not forget that we
have to compete with the world which is moving very fast towards growth and
development.”

“At the same time we have to build up the character of our future generation. We should
try, by sound education, to instill into them the highest sense of honour, integrity,

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 responsibility and selfless service to the nation. We have to see that they are fully
qualified and equipped to play their part in various branches of national life in a manner
which will do honour to Pakistan.”

These desires of the Quaid have been reflected in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic
of Pakistan and relevant articles are:

The state shall endeavour, in respect of the Muslims of Pakistan:

a. to make the teachings of the Holy Quran and Islamiat compulsory and
encourage and facilitate the learning of Arabic language to secure correct and
exact printing and publishing of the Holy Quran;

b. to promote unity amongst them and the observance of Islamic moral

standards;

Provide basic necessities of life, such as food, clothing, housing, education and medical
relief for all such citizens irrespective of sex, caste, creed or race as are permanently or
temporarily unable to earn their livelihood on account of infirmity, sickness or
unemployment;

Remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum
possible period.

Enable the people of different areas, through education, training, agricultural and
industrial development and other methods, to participate fully in all the forms of national
activities including employment in the service of Pakistan;

The State shall discourage parochial, racial, tribal, sectarian and provincial prejudices
among the citizens.

Reduce disparity in the income and earnings of individuals, including persons in various
classes of the service of Pakistan.

Steps shall be taken to ensure full participation of women in all the spheres of national
life.

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 The vision is to transform Pakistani nation into an integrated, cohesive entity, that can
compete and stand up to the challenges of the 21 st Century. The Policy is formulated to realize
the vision of educationally well-developed, politically united, economically prosperous, morally
sound and spiritually elevated nation.

OBJECTIVES

To make the Qur’anic principles and Islamic practices as an integral part of curricula so
that the message of the Holy Quran could be disseminated in the process of education as well as
training. To educate and train the future generation of Pakistan as true practicing Muslims who
would be able to usher in the 21 st century and the next millennium with courage, confidence,
wisdom and tolerance.

To achieve universal primary education by using formal and informal techniques to

provide second opportunity to school drop-outs by establishing basic education community
schools all over the country.

To meet the basic learning needs of a child in terms of learning tools and contents.

To expand basic education qualitatively and quantitatively by providing the maximum

opportunities to every child of free access to education. The imbalances and disparities in the
system will be removed to enhance the access with the increased number of more middle and
secondary schools.

To ensure that all the boys and girls, desirous of entering secondary education, get their
basic right through the availability of the schools.

To lay emphasis on diversification of curricula so as to transform the system from

supply-oriented to demand oriented. To attract the educated youth to world-of-work from various
educational levels is one of the policy objectives so that they may become productive and useful
citizens and contribute positively as members of the society.

To make curriculum development a continuous process; and to make arrangements for

developing a uniform system of education.

To prepare the students for the world of work, as well as pursuit of professional and
specialized higher education.

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 To increase the effectiveness of the system by institutionalizing in-service training of
teachers, teacher trainers and educational administrators. To upgrade the quality of pre-service
teacher training programmes by introducing parallel programmes of longer duration at post-
secondary and post-degree levels.

To develop a viable framework for policy, planning and development of teacher

education programmes, both in-service and pre-service.

To develop opportunities for technical and vocational education in the country for
producing trained manpower, commensurate with the needs of industry and economic
development goals.

To improve the quality of technical education so as to enhance the chances of

employment of Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) graduates by moving from a static,
supply-based system to a demand-driven system.

To popularize information technology among students of all ages and prepare them for
the next century. To emphasize different roles of computer as a learning tool in the classroom
learning about computers and learning to think and work with computers and to employ
information technology in planning and monitoring of educational programmes.

To encourage private sector to take a percentage of poor students for free education.

To institutionalize the process of monitoring and evaluation from the lowest to the
highest levels. To identify indicators for different components of policy, in terms of quality and
quantity and to adopt corrective measures during the process of implementation.

To achieve excellence in different fields of higher education by introducing new

disciplines/emerging sciences in the universities, and transform selected disciplines into centres
of advanced studies, research and extension.

To upgrade the quality of higher education by bringing teaching, learning and research
process in line with international standards.

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 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STATISTICS SYLLABUS

AIMS
1. Gain an understanding how to collect and handle information in a manageable ways.
2. Develop a systematic and scientific approach to solve open ended problems in a
computing context.
3. Achieve a broad base for further study in the subject.

OBJECTIVES
1. The objectives of the course at this stage are:
2. To introduce students to such basic concepts of Statistics as variability uncertainty and
inference.
3. To familiarize the students with some common statistical terms and elementary statistical
techniques.
4. To show and motivate the students to apply statistics to solve problems with help of real
data and examples.
5. To promote the understanding of the subject and to motivate students interest through
experiments and other activities.
6. To provide the student with sound basic for further courses in Statistics at higher stages
of education.

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 CONTENTS AND SCOPE OF STATISTICS SYLLABUS

1. Introduction to Statistics: Collection (1/8) and Presentation of Data

Content Scope
Nature and Importance of the Science of Define Statistics, give importance of
Statistics, Statistical Data, Population and measurements and different fields of science
sample. Brief revision of classification, where measurements are useful. Explain
tabulation and frequency distributions and their different types of raw data in the fields of
graphic representation, Bar Charts, rectangles Science and Humanities, mainly in Medicine,
and pie-charts. in Agriculture, in Chemistry and Psychology.
Explain the difference between a population
and a sample, use sketches for showing
population. Explain the importance of the
sample. Demonstrate types of frequency
distributions like symmetrical and non-
symmetrical Cumulative and relative frequency
distributions be explained by the use of
sketches, Explain bar charts in different forms
namely; divided bar charts, compound bar
charts. Give an explanation for expressing data
in rectangles an pie chart.

2. Measure of Location and Dispersion. (2/8)

Contents Scope
Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean. Harmonic Explain arithmetic mean and variance of raw
mean. Median, Quantiles, Mode, Range, Mean data from a frequency table, using mid points
Deviation, Variance, Standard deviation, and also by change of origin and scale and
Difference between Absolute and Relative their properties. To explain geometric mean,
Measures of Dispersion. Moments, Skewness, use ungrouped data as well as grouped data.
Kurtosis. Explain the method of direct calculation using
root and also by using logarithms. To explain
median and quantiles graphical method be
explained as well. Mathematical proofs are not
required.

3. Index Number (1/8)

Content Scope
Introduction to Index numbers concept of price Explain the index numbers as a useful
index numbers steps involved in the statistical technique to assess the growth or fall
construction of price index numbers of a certain item or economic series with
“Unweighted price index numbers (fixed based respect to time or any other unit. Price index
and chain based method)” weighted price index numbers by simple relative and link relative
numbers (Laspeyer’s paasche’s and fisher’s ) methods be explained. Price index and its
consumer price index number (CPI), constructions must be given as examples.
construction methods for whole sale and Fixed base and chain base methods for price

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consumer price index numbers with reference indices be explained. The concept of weights
to Pakistan. be explained with reference to the arithmetic
means in grouped data. Laspeyr’s and Fisher’s
indices be explained by applying the standard
results on a number of exercises. Consumer
price index number be explained in general and
with reference to Pakistan. Similarly whole-
sale price index numbers to be also explained
in a similar way.

4. Simple Linear Regression and Correlation (1/8)

Contents Scope
Bivariable data (non-random versus random Explain “Bivariate data”, by giving sketches of
variable) scatter diagram; estimation of scatter diagrams when one variable is specified
regression parameters by least squares method, and several values of response variable are
properties of the regression line; interpretation assumed given at each non random variable
and applications of the regression line. similarly the sketches when both variable are
Bivariate data, (random versus random random be also drawn and explained. Least
variable) scatter diagram; point estimation of square method be explained, normal equation
population correlation co-efficient; properties be formed and estimation of regression
of the sample correlation co-efficient; parameters be given in terms of X,
interpretation and application. Y, XY, 2
Y , and 2
X . Both the
regression lines be explained by considering an
example in which few values of the two
variables are given the properties to be
included are :
i. Sum up squares of deviation from
regression line is minimum.
ii. The point of intersection of
regression lines at (X, Y).
Interpret by explaining the use of line of
regression for forecasting and for
estimating at “n” unknown values of
independent variable.
Explain the correlation co-efficient by
explaining bivariate data in which both
variables are random, the calculation of
correlation co-efficient be explained by
considering examples. The properties of
correlations co-efficient be explained by
considering:
i. rxy = ryx
ii. r lying between – 1 and +1.
iii. the value of correlation co-efficient
does not change by the change of origin
and scale and correlation can be obtained
by geometric mean of the regression co-
efficient.

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5. Analysis of time series (1/8)

Contents Scope
Introduction to the concept of time series; Explain the time series as a series in which one
nature of fluctuations, signal and noise, variable is time occurring at specified intervals
components of a time series, measurement of (non random and the other variable is random).
secular trend by free hand, semi averages, Examples be given from Economics, Public
moving averages and least squares (linear and Administration, Business administration, Trade
quadratic), advantages and limitations of these and Commerce. Fluctuation in the time series
methods. be explained in terms of trend which is given
in terms of components of a time series and
random fluctuations as noise. Linear and
quadratic forms of time series be considered.
The linear and quadratic time series be
compared with trend obtained by free hand,
semi averages and moving averages method.

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 STATISTICS PRACTICALS

Examinees will be required to attempt two questions in all. Each question will carry
5 marks and will be based on data that will have been provided in the Examination paper.

The following topics will be included in the syllabus of practicals:

1. Presentation of data, measure of location and dispersion.
2. Index Number.
3. Simple regression and correlation.
4. Analysis of time series.

Note:

Two marks will be reserved for the Practical Note Book. The Note Book must contain a
minimum of Nine practical according to the pattern and guidelines given below:
Three marks will be reserved for Viva voce. Viva will be conducted in the Examination
hall with reference to the practical contained in the Note Book and /or the practicals
contained in examination hall.

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 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION

Assessment, appraisal, or evaluation is a means of determining how far the objectives of

the curriculum have been realized. What really matters is the methodology employed for such
determination. As is now recognized, performance on the basis of content-oriented tests alone
does not provide an adequate measure of a student’s knowledge and ability to use information in
a purposeful or meaningful way; the implication, then, is that effective and rewarding techniques
should be developed for evaluating the kind and content of teaching and learning that is taking
place and for bringing about improvement in both. The following points, while developing the
tests/questions may be kept in view:

1. Proper care should be taken to prepare the objective-type and constructed-response

questions relating to knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis and synthesis,
keeping in view the specific instructional objectives of the syllabus and the command
words for the questions.

2. There should be at least two periodic/monthly tests in addition to routine class/tests.

Teachers are expected to develop and employ assessment strategies which are
dynamic in approach and diverse in design. When used in combination, they should
properly accommodate every aspect of a student’s learning.

3. In addition to the final public examination, two internal examinations should be

arranged during the academic year for each class.

4. Classroom examinations offer the best and most reliable evaluation of how well
students have mastered certain information and achieved the course objectives.
Teachers should adopt innovative teaching and assessment methodologies to prepare
the students for the revised pattern of examination. The model papers, instructional
objectives, definitions of cognitive levels and command words and other guidelines
included in this book must be kept in view during teaching and designing the test
items for internal examination.

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 DEFINITION OF COGNITIVE LEVELS

Knowledge:

This requires knowing and remembering facts and figures, vocabulary and contexts, and the
ability to recall key ideas, concepts, trends, sequences, categories, etc. It can be taught and
evaluated through questions based on: who, when, where, what, list, define, describe, identify,
label, tabulate, quote, name, state, etc.

Understanding:

This requires understanding information, grasping meaning, interpreting facts, comparing,

contrasting, grouping, inferring causes/reasons, seeing patterns, organizing parts, making links,
summarizing, solving, identifying motives, finding evidence, etc. It can be taught and evaluated
through questions based on: why how, show, demonstrate, paraphrase, interpret, summarize,
explain, prove, identify the main idea/theme, predict, compare, differentiate, discuss, chart the
course/direction, report, solve, etc.

Application:

This requires using information or concepts in new situations, solving problems, organizing
information and ideas, using old ideas to create new one and generalizing from given facts,
analyzing relationships, relating knowledge from several areas, drawing conclusions, evaluating
worth, etc. It can be taught and evaluated through questions based on: distinguish, analyze, show
relationship, propose an alternative, prioritize, give reasons for, categorize, illustrate,
corroborate, compare and contrast, create, design, formulate, integrate, rearrange,
reconstruct/recreate, reorganize, predict consequences etc.

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 DEFINITION OF COMMAND WORDS

The purpose of command words given below is to direct the attention of the teachers as
well as students to the specific tasks that students are expected to undertake in the course of their
subject studies. Same command words will be used in the examination questions to assess the
competence of the candidates through their responses. The definitions of command words have
also been given to facilitate the teachers in planning their lessons and classroom assessments.

Give an account of: Spell out a chronology and show in what ways the event or
circumstance to be accounted for derives from or is dependent on
earlier events.

Analyse: Go beyond the given information to relate and/or differentiate

aspects of a situation and draw conclusions on the basis of evidence
information.

Define: Provide a precise statement or meaning of words or terms to

describe their nature, properties or essential qualities.

Demonstrate: Show or prove by evidence and/or argument.

Describe: Explain in words and/or diagrams (where necessary) to demonstrate

knowledge of facts.

Discuss: Express views in a logical and lucid way considering all aspects of
a matter under discussion and draw conclusions.

Explain: Give a clear and detailed account of related information with

reasons or justification.

Give Examples/Statements: Cite specific instances or cases to demonstrate the

occurrence of an event or existence of a situation or phenomenon.

Identify: Pick out, recognizing specified information from a given content,

situation.

Illustrate: Give clear examples to state, clarify or synthesize a point of view.

Interpret: Clarify both the explicit meaning and the implications of given
information.

List/Name: Name item-by-item, usually in one or two words, precise

information such as dates, characteristics, places, names.

Locate: Determine the precise position or situation of an entity in a given

context, e.g. in a map.

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Show: Indicate by writing, drawing or through graphs/charts.

State: Give a brief and factual answer with no explanation.

Suggest: Apply knowledge in a given situation to give a rational opinion.

Trace the developments of: Mention, list, name information/facts in a sequence.

RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOKS

In contrast to the previous practice the examination will not be based on a single
textbook, but will now be curriculum based to support the examination reforms. Therefore, the
students and teachers are encouraged to widen their studies and teaching respectively to
competitive textbooks and other available material.

Following books are recommended for reference and supplementary reading:

1. Qureshi’s Statistics for Intermediate Classes (Federal Board)

Written by: Prof Kazim Hussain
Prof Sadaqat Hussain
Prof M. Irshad Ahmad

2. Federal Statistics
Written by: Prof M. Irshad
Prof Nadeem Akhtar Siddiqui
Prof Ali Akbar

3. Introduction to Statistics (Federal Board)

Written by: Dr M. Afzal Beg
Prof Miraj Din Mirza

4. Basic Statistics (Federal Board)

Written by: Ghulam Hussain Kiani
Muhammad Saleem Akhtar

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