PSQL Quick Reference

General Informational
\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
\g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe) \d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences
\h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands \d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index
\q quit psql \da[S] [PATTERN] list aggregates
\db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces
Query Buffer \dc[S] [PATTERN] list conversions
\e [FILE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor \dC [PATTERN] list casts
\ef [FUNCNAME] edit function definition with external editor \dd[S] [PATTERN] show comments on objects
\p show the contents of the query buffer \ddp [PATTERN] list default privileges
\r reset (clear) the query buffer \dD[S] [PATTERN] list domains
\s [FILE] display history or save it to file \des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers
\w FILE write query buffer to file \deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings
\dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign­data wrappers
Input/Output \df[antw][S+] [PATTERN] list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client \dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations
host \dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries
\echo [STRING] write string to standard output \dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers
\i FILE execute commands from file \dg[+] [PATTERN] list roles (groups)
\o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe \dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates
\qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see ​
\o​
) \di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes
\dl list large objects, same as \lo_list
\do[S] [PATTERN] list operators
Formatting \dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges
\a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode \dr[S+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables
\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none \drds [PATTERN1 [PATTERN2]]list per­database role settings
\f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output \ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences
\H toggle HTML output mode \dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables
\pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option (​ NAME​​
:= {format | border \dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types
| expanded | fieldsep | footer | null |
\du[+] [PATTERN] list roles (users)
numericlocale | recordsep | tuples_only |
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views
)
title | tableattr | pager}​
\dx [PATTERN] list external tables
\t [on|off] show only rows
\l[+] list all databases
\T [STRING] set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none
\z [PATTERN] same as \dp
\x [on|off] toggle expanded output
Operating System
Connection \cd [DIR] change the current working directory
\c[onnect] [DBNAME | connect to new database \timing [on|off] toggle timing of commands
­​USER | ­​HOST | ­​PORT | \! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive
­] shell
\encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding
\password [USERNAME] securely change the password for a user
Large Objects
\conninfo display information about current connection
\lo_export LOBOID FILE Large Object Operations
MENT]
\lo_import FILE [COM​
Variables \lo_list
\prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable \lo_unlink LOBOID
\set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters
\unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable

Rev. A01