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TLE – ICT - CSS

Quarter 2 – Module 5-6:
PREPARING AND INTERPRETING
TECHNICAL DRAWING (PITD)
(Identify and Interpret the Different Kinds of Technical Drawings )
 Lesson
IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF TECHNICAL
1 DRAWING

Technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in industry and engineering. To make the
drawings easier to understand, people use familiar symbols, perspectives, units of measurement,
notation systems, visual styles, and page layout. Together, such conventions constitute a visual
language and help to ensure that the drawing is unambiguous and relatively easy to understand.

What is a Flowchart?

Every now and then, you come across different troubleshooting flowcharts especially when you
service in a computer system. These are normally in the form of a decision tree which gradually
focuses on a solution based on the criteria set. The usefulness of your flowchart depends on how you
manage the problems that are answerable using a simple True/False solution. A well-crafted
flowchart can shorten the problem solving time.

Flowcharts are easy to understand diagrams that show the different steps in solving a specific
problem. Easiness is the key to make flowchart more useful in communicating how processes works,
and for documenting how to do a specific task.
When to use a Flow Chart?

Flowchart is a very simple yet powerful tool to improve productivity in both our personal and work
life. Here are some ways flowchart can be helpful:

• Document a process
• Present a solution
• Brainstorm an idea
• Design a system
• Explain a decision making process
• Store information

What are the Basic Symbols of Flowchart?

A flowchart is commonly used by systems analysts to visualize the series of processes in a business
system. A flowchart is a useful tool to design an efficient business system and to troubleshoot or
improve an existing system. A flowchart consists of elements, such as the terminator, process, sub
process, decision, arrow lines, and connectors.

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1. Terminator

Start / End
Terminator Symbol

A terminator is represented by a small rectangle with curved corners. A terminator appears at the
start and at the end of a flowchart. The end terminator appears only once on a single flowchart.

2. Process

Instructions /
Process Symbol
Actions
A process is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a business process. It must be
described clearly and concisely. A process can be described using a single verb noun phrase; for
example, "Order Office Supplies." The same level of detail must be kept in processes on a single
flowchart.

3. Decision

Decision
Decision Symbol

A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a decision of "yes" or "no"
requires a decision box.

4. Input and Output

Input and
OutputInput and Output Symbol

The Parallelogram features Input and Output, which cover such things as materials, services, and
even individuals going into or exiting the process.

5. Connector

Connector Symbol

A connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is labelled using letters. A
flowchart written on a single page is clearer than a flowchart on several pages. A connector ensures
that the processes are connected logically and correctly on several pages.

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6. Arrow Lines
Flow Lines Symbol

Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom, keep a flowchart clear.
Avoid arrow lines that loop because this could indicate redundancy in the business process.

HOW TO CREATE FLOW CHART

1. Identify Tasks. You must list all the tasks in a process in chronological order. Consider the
following questions as your guide:

a. What happens next in the process?

b. Do you need to make a decision before the next step?
c. What approvals are required before you move on to the next task?

2. Organize and Document Tasks. Begin with a rounded rectangle labeled START. From there, go
through the sequences which must include every action and decision in the intended order. Use
arrows to connect them with one another and to indicate the direction of the process flow.
Decisions should be directed by an arrow from the decision diamond to whatever possible
solutions are available. The arrow should also be labeled with a decision, such as YES, or a NO.
The termination of the process must be marked by a rounded rectangle labeled FINISH or END.

3. Test. Double-check the flow to make sure that you haven’t overlooked anything.

Start

Input
and

Actions

Choice NO

YES

End

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OTHER ELEMENTS OF A TECHNICAL DRAWING

Other than a flowchart, there are several elements that you can still use to represent your
process flows, such as:
• Schematic diagram
• Layout Plan
• Loop diagram
• Chart
• Block diagram

Each of these elements will be discussed in the following pages.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

A schematic diagram is a representation of system elements that are abstract or symbols

which are graphical in nature. It removes all the irrelevant information.

In the data processing cycle example below, Input/ Output Devices are represented by a
rectangle. The rectangles don’t resemble the actual devices but give you information without
unnecessary visual clutter. The same logic goes with the flow of the data and how they are being
processed, stored, and retrieved from the CPU and computer memory.

Central
INPUT OUTPUT
DATA Processing DATA
DEVICES DEVICES
Unit

Main/Internal

Main/Internal
Memory Schematic Diagram

CHART

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 A chart is a diagram that displays the relationship of at least two variables. It is often used to
easily interpret large quantities of data and relationship between their parts.

There are four common charts:

• Histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data.

Histogram

• Bar Chart is a graphical representation of grouped data

Bar Chart

• Pie Chart is a graphical representation of quantifiable data represented by a sectioned circle

much like a pie that’s been cut with the slices
varying in size.

Pie Chart

• Line Chart is a graphical representation of information as a series of data points connected

by line segments.

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 Line Chart

BLOCK DIAGRAMS

A block diagram is a specialized type of flowchart. It represents an encompassing view of major

process steps, including the relationships and interfaces.

Step
Bridge Filter Rechargeable
Down Regulator
Rectifier Circuit Battery
T/F

Power supply to all sections

LAYOUT PLANS

A layout is a tool to arrange a workplace, like in a plant, organization, or computer laboratory in

your school. It shows how the computers should be located and arranged properly according to
specifications like the size of the room and number of
units to be installed.

Computer Laboratory Layout Plan

LOOP DIAGRAM

A loop diagram aids you visualizing how items in a system are interrelated. It consists of a set of
nodes that represents the item, and edges that each represents a connection between two items.

Thread

Event Loop

I/O Events I/O Events

Channel Channel Channel

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 Lesson

2 INTERPRET TECHNICAL DRAWING

The essence of having a flowchart in the process analysis is for the effective delivery of ideas
especially if you are dealing with a technical person. A flowchart explains the process clearly through
symbols and text.

In this lesson, you will understand the reasons why you need to:

• know how a process is done;

• study and improve processes;
• document a process; and
• use a flowchart in planning a project or activity.
SIMPLE REMINDER IN USING A FLOWCHART

• There is no such thing as a proper way of constructing a flowchart. What’s important is how
the people involved understand the process.
• Involve only the key people in the flowcharting process.
• A technical expert is not necessary to draw a flowchart. It should be you who performs the
process.
• There a lots of free flowcharting software that you can use.
MISTAKE-PROOFING
Mistake cannot be avoided sometimes when making flowcharts, but the chances for errors in
the process can be reduced by deviating from the usual steps or actions that have resulted in
mistakes. Mistake-proofing solutions can eliminate redundant process actions and give way
to new and untried methods that provide better solutions.

In japan, where the work ethic is admired worldwide, mistake-proofing is known as poka-
yoke (PO-ka yo-KAY). It is simply a system that reduces mistakes and in Flowchart instances
when an error does occur, it is quickly identified and addressed.

MISTAKE-PROOFING IN YOUR DAY-TO-DAY ACTIVITY

Although you often don’t see it poka-yoke is all around us. An

example is the thumb drive. The thumb device can only be
inserted if it is oriented properly. It cannot be inserted in the
reverse side or sideways.

The designers of the thumb drive thought it best to make it self-

limiting in how it’s used based on how the device is oriented. It’s
like a program which works only one way. If not used in that manner, it simply won’t work. It’s design

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strategy that does way with having to teach the user how to use the device, thus eliminating the risk for
error in use.

How do you interpret flowcharts?

A Flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover ways to improve it only if you use it
to analyze what is happening. Interpreting your Flowchart will help you to:

• Determine who is involved in the process.

• Form theories about root causes.
• Identify ways to streamline the process.
• Determine how to implement changes to the
process.
• Locate cost-added-only steps.
• Provide training on how the process works or should work.

Below is a sequence of steps that will help you through an orderly analysis of your flowchart.

Step 1 - Examine each process step for the following conditions that indicate a need to improve the
process:

Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may be caused by redundant or
unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity, or other factors.

Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of inadequate training of process
workers, equipment that needs to be repaired or replaced, or insufficient technical
documentation. "Inform the drill leader and improvise" is one of the weak links.

Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be interpreted and performed in
a different way by each person involved, leading to process variation. "Improvise" is a poorly
defined step in the weak link cited above.

Step 2 - Examine each decision symbol.

You may want to collect data on how often there is a "yes" or "no" answer at decision points marked
by a diamond shaped symbol. If most decisions go one way rather than the other, you may be able to
remove this decision point.

Step 3 - Examine each rework loop.

Processes with numerous checks generate rework and waste. Examine the activities preceding the
rework loop and identify those that need to be improved. Look for ways to shorten or eliminate the
loop.

Step 4 – Examine each activity symbol.

Does the step help build a key quality characteristic into the end product? If not, consider eliminating
it.

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Besides the three levels of detail used to categorize Flowcharts, there are three main types of
flowcharts namely , linear, deployment, and opportunity. The level of detail can be depicted as
macro, mini, or micro for each of these types.

1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the sequence of work steps
that make up a process. This tool can help identify rework and redundant or unnecessary steps
within a process.

2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual process flow and
identifies the people or groups involved at each step. Horizontal lines define customer-supplier
relationships. This type of chart shows where the people or groups fit into the process sequence, and
how they relate to one another throughout the process.

HOW DO WE CONSTRUCT A LINEAR FLOWCHART?

Following are the seven steps for developing a linear flowchart

1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.

2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—those operators, technicians, or office
workers who are actually involved in the process.

3. Establish process boundaries—the starting and ending points.

• Identify the major activities or sub processes that are included in the process.
• Determine what is not included in the scope of the process to remove any doubt or confusion
about the boundaries. This may also help establish the scope of related processes.

4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is not sure about a step, mark
it to be investigated later.

5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start with the last step and
work back to the first step.

6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.

7. Review and title the Flowchart.

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CONSTRUCTING A LINEAR
FLOWCHART

Define the process

and the purpose

Assemble the right people

Establish process
boundaries

Are steps in
sequence?

Put
Assign flowchart
steps in
symbols
sequenc
e

Review and label

A. Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on your
notebook.

1. A connector ensures that the process are connected a.

logically and correctly on several page.

2. Shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/nogo. b.

3. Indicates both the starting point and the ending c.

point of the process steps

4. Drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom d.

5. Shows where an in-process measurement occurs. e.

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Direction: Using the basic symbols used for flowchart, make your own simple flowchart to
illustrate the process of cleaning the computer parts and peripherals properly. Include the given
activities below.

1. Preparation of cleaning tools

2. Identifying the parts to be clean
3. Cleaning the different peripheral

SCORING RUBRICS:

Preparation
Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning
of Score
4 3 2 1
Flowcharts
All assigned Almost all Almost all Fewer than
details and assigned details / assigned 85% of the
Drawing elements have elements (at least details and assigned
been added. 85%) have been elements (at details and
least 85%) have elements are
The details are added. The details
been added. A present OR
clear and easy are clear and easy few details are most
to identify. to identify. difficult to details are
identify. difficult to
identify.

Takes Tries his or her Always goes for Does not always Works below
ownership for best, asks for the best of their work ability level and
learning feedback or help ability and gets to ability does
when help when needed and seldom
needed, helps asks for help. not ask for
others help
understand the
topic better
Total

Interpretation of Scores
7- 8 Excellentod
5-6 Very Go
3-4 Good
1-2 Fair
0-1 Poor

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A. FIIL IN THE BLANKS
Direction: Identify the word/s that best describe/s the following statements. Use your activity sheet
to write your answers.

____________1. Work through all the steps in your chart to make sure they are clear and exhaustive,
and that there is no open-ended node remained.
____________2. Indicates the beginning or end of a flowchart.
____________3. Represent a step in a process. This is the most common component of a flowchart.
____________4. Shows a step that decides the next step in a process. This is commonly a yes/no or
true/false question.
____________5. Shows the process’ direction. Each flowline connects two blocks.
____________6. An optional step here is to style your chart with different shapes and color
to make it easier to follow.
____________7. Flowcharts should be made easily accessible to all parties involved.
____________8. Represents an individual step or activity in the process.
____________9. shows where an in-process measurement occurs.
____________10. is a mark, sign, or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as
representing an idea, object, or relationship.

Directions: Draw at least five (5) basic elements of flowchart and name the symbol and its purpose.
Write your answers on your notebook. (2 points each)

SYMBOL SYMBOL NAME PURPOSE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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References

Caro, Jaime D.L., Ph.D., Avonn Nova, MIT, and Alexis dela Cruz, MIT (2016). VocTek Series:
Computer System Servicing. TechFactors Inc.
www.depedbataan.com. (2016). Ipinanumbalik June 15, 2020, mula sa/kay
http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_pc_hardware_servicing
_learning_module.pdf
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https://www.visual-paradigm.com/tutorials/flowchart-tutorial/
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https://www.tutorialspoint.com/programming_methodologies/programming_meth
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