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Week 1 - Computer Appreciation

The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the basic units of a computer system including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and secondary storage. It explains the functions of these components and provides examples. It also summarizes the different types of system and application software.

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Carlo Jay Ymarez
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156 views38 pages

Week 1 - Computer Appreciation

The document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It describes the basic units of a computer system including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and secondary storage. It explains the functions of these components and provides examples. It also summarizes the different types of system and application software.

Uploaded by

Carlo Jay Ymarez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 001

Computer Appreciation
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Module Learning Objectives


• Demonstrate understanding of the fundamental hardware
components that make up a computer’s hardware and the role of each
of these components
• Demonstrate understanding of the difference between an operating
system and an application program, and what each is used for in a
computer
• Explain the fundamental concepts of computer hardware and software
• Acquire the foundation level knowledge required to understand
computer and its operations.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Information Processing System


• DATA is a collection of independent and unorganized facts.

• INFORMATION is the processed and organized data presented in a


meaningful form.

• DATA PROCESSING is the course of doing things in a sequence of


steps.

• COMPUTER is an electronic machine that follows a set of instructions


in order that it may be able to accept and gather data and transform
these into information.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

PROCESSING
SYSTEM

DATA INFORMATION
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Functions of an Information Processing System


1. It accepts and gather data. (INPUT)
2. It processes data to become information. (PROCESSING)
3. It stores data and information. (STORE)
4. It presents information. (OUTPUT)
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Basic Units of Measurement


• BIT is a unit of information equivalent to the result of a choice
between only 2 possible alternatives in the binary number system.

• BYTE is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one character of


alphanumeric data) processed as a single unit for information.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Basic Units of Measurement


A byte can be used to represent a single character, which can be:

• A letter
• A number
• A special character or symbol, or
• A space
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

BASIC PC HARDWARE
• HARDWARE is the tangible part
of a computer system.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Basic hardware of a PC system


• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Memory Unit

• Input Devices

• Output Devices

• Secondary Storage Devices


Week 001: Computer Appreciation

1. Central Processing Unit


• Brain of the computer.
• It directs and controls the entire computer system
and performs all arithmetic and logical operations.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

2. Memory Unit
Where the programs and data are stored .
• READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) contains the
pre-programmed computer instructions
such as the Basic Input Output System
(BIOS).

• RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) is used


to store the programs and data that you
will run. Exists only when there is power.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

3. Input Devices
Allows data and programs to be sent to the CPU.

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Joystick
• Microphone
• Webcam
• Scanner
• Monitor
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Two Types of Mouse


• Mechanical - a type of computer mouse that
has a rubber or metal ball on its underside
and it can roll in every direction.

• Optical: This type uses a laser for detecting


the mouse's movement.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

How a Mouse Hooks Up to a PC


• PS/2 Mouse

• Serial Mouse

• USB/Cordless Mouse
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Other Pointing Devices


• Trackball

• Track point

• Touch pad

• Touch Screen
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

• Joystick – input device for computer games

• Light Pens – light-sensitive penlike device

• Stylus – penlike device commonly used with


tablet PCs and PDAs.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Scanning Devices
• Optical scanners
• Card readers
• Bar code readers
• Character and mark recognition devices
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

4. Output Devices
• Media used by the computer in displaying its
responses to our requests and instructions.

• Monitor

• Audio Speakers

• Printer
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Types of Monitor
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)


Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Printers
• IMPACT PRINTERS uses pressure by physically striking the
paper. Ex. Daisy wheel printers, line printers, dot matrix
printers & band printers.

• NON-IMPACT PRINTER does not apply pressure on the


paper but instead produces character by using lasers, ink
spray, photography or heat.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Dot matrix
printer

Laser
printer
Inkjet printer
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

5. Secondary Storage Devices


• Attached to the computer system to allow you to store
programs and data permanently for the purpose of
retrieving them for future use.

• Floppy disk, Hard disk, CD Rom


Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Floppy Disk
• The most common secondary storage device

• 3.5” disk – 1.44MB


Week 001: Computer Appreciation

High-Capacity Floppy Disks


• Floppy disk cartridges
• 3 ½ inches in diameter
• Stores more information
• Zip disks
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Hard Disk Drive or Hard Disk


• Made of rigid materials unlike floppy disks
• Holds a greater amount of data
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Optical Discs
• A standard part of modern desktop machines, especially
used for multimedia purposes and preferred in loading
applications.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Kinds
• Blue Ray Disk – 40G

• Digital Versatile Disk


• DVD-R – write once, 3.95G
• DVD RW – rewritable, 3G
• Single Layer and Double Layer

• Compact Disk
• CD-R – write once, 650MB
• CD-RW – rewritable, 700MB
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Optical Drives
• CD-ROM read CDs
• CD-Writer read/write CDs
• DVD-Combo read/write CDs, read DVD
• DVD Writer read/write CDs
read/write DVDs
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Other Secondary Storage


Solid-State Storage
• No moving parts
• Flash memory cards

• USB flash drives


Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Parts that Build Up A System Unit


• Casing or cover • Sound card
• Power Supply • Floppy disk drive
• Motherboard • Hard disk drive
• Microprocessor • CD-ROM drive
• Memory • MODEM
• Video Card
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Casing or cover
• The box or outer shell that houses most of the
computer, it is usually one of the most overlooked
parts of the PC.

• Protects the computer circuits, cooling and system


organization.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Power Supply

• Responsible for powering every device in


your computer.

• Parts of a Power supply:


• Disk drive connectors
• Motherboard connector
• Power supply fan
• Power switch
• Input voltage selector
• Cover
• Power plugs receptacle
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Motherboard

• The physical arrangement in a computer


that contains the computer’s basic
circuitry and components.

• Components are:
• Microprocessor
• (Optional) Coprocessors
• Memory
• Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
• Expansion Slot
• Interconnecting circuitry
Week 001: Computer Appreciation
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Software
• Instructions that tell the computer how to process
data into the form you want.

• Software and programs are interchangeable.

• Two major types:


• System and Applications
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

2 Kinds of Software
1. System Software enables the application software to interact
with the computer hardware.

• Operating Systems are programs that coordinate


computer resources, provide an interface between users
and the computer; and run applications.
• Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing
computer resources.
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

Functions of a System Software


• Managing resources (memory, processing, storage, and
devices like printer).
• Providing user interface
• Running applications
Week 001: Computer Appreciation

2 Kinds of Software
2. Applications Software - provides the real functionality of a
computer. It help you use your computer to do specific
types of work.

• Basic Applications, widely used in all career areas.


• Specialized Applications, more narrowly focused on
specific disciplines and occupations.

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