voi Ip boat rine! Draw the~ block + ichiagram: of. communication system i es Diagiars salt and. ——— a in_detail tem piepiee cc fra scat Jormen th T Receiver Noise _ Basic. Elements. of Communication system ye_calll iaformalion pcr Benpm cunitelipirfetrkypieadedalad tie ce i) Transmitter s= foam for Hransimi'ssion aver aie crpanenia—& cls — designed. Ao convert information into asi ignal suitable be ee_ in fermation_sou ethos hee -it-is nol_suitable for iran a uty t : are bikin oe as P ——_haonsdurs eben ini a bums iste ety ahah electronic migra ye £9-paiy of conducting wive ——coaxtal cable _ Erhest ated? cab fo ree space ( Wiveless/1a dio) = Although medi the transmission of the information it alsa attenuates i} - r ivy Noise *— Tt is a random i 3 fee Slectric energy 7 enters i channel) & Geile “uti ttt rsssag of Noise) | Receiver. ers | LT ie snathaecil lectton_of_ lechaghls Aarons And — _ circuits that accepts_th ___ channel _& convert it back int Ke hy humans - eg earphone , electronic receiver . — = 1) consist_ol_ampittierd<, os 7x16 om . odxnsotre -Nisiblestight” _ = Mii met er coaves Shiirhved ir = Ubkrar Maletee i Wavelength Applicat atin) | tremely lou) |. 30-300 He | tok =10-km}-AC powerline frequencie + cy CELE) | | Lous end_of humains envy Ts Communication with of Submarines + —Freglagy cas = 30kHy [ican =1dlem| Submarine Communicator BE Ov 2 Musical_iostrument a oF ia et jie oi cn Ldipes SalHeart. rate smonitore 4 1 = : 45 Medilim freq. gooktiz = Mhz. [Tkim=t0om AM radio broadcasting Joey t (5a¢ - 1g0s kHz) | | 6 vf oMie-floom = 1om./-Te a i 2. ld Cohort wove) | Verce Of America a, Britiah broadca. Hog corporation (BBC) igh “Teatiite aoomtd ior F =\m | Mobile Radio. ——— i! evil) me TV_channol (21018) J | ts opens? 2 =| sl = S0 = = : - quent “pand__| Frequency — Wayelength | > Applications } | = —— ; ~gate [ym 1s'm | Ty channels (144067) “pata nigh-Frequencd} jgoorttiz=-S6tlz im Land mobile Beas oe reise Cellular tefephone ¥ Mijitary services aa Es Radar § Navigation xykistf cor u {yer ousave verlany High frequency sanz 200 H é'-162rm [Satellite comm unicatix (SHE). LE] CiiteyowaveSs ef es Radars a > Extremely high Fred, ss. |30GHz=800GH Tien =15"m| satelite comm § rade : : imlted amount of activi ide 46 I ipmeni= reqtitred ._ ze FTV yemote” contra a _|Guidance faaf@ipan_ systems i= ep q Annie a_short note on Tinisted. Pair Cables: oxplain ! i N \ [ i a igi ; » twisted together in the spiral. formas show 0 in fiq- below: : |__* = Ty pes “of Ee sted au Cables ia | t i i fair UTP). = = Thee?ralles_ave nol_shielded - -| This lack of Shielding results in high deq ree of | Tlexibitityas mell-as nigged dural iLity 2 J J ai = EW = S Conduclo i 16 elon | () } par f E o neal (plague. Cover) Application - Ethernet networks 4 telephone systems» _yy shied Tussed_ Tai e512) 5 thas. fnelal foil or by filed reg MNBs caver toch _paia_of_insulati og—conductors __ = This 1's know n_as_melal_ shield Il reduces tne i. interference. of noise _but makes the cable bulky $ =f eapenl ve._Metal_shhit eld_serves_as a ground ~~ = 990 } UTP 1s move used thon STP Conductor piel shveled 5 — Tnsvlahiory Le i \ | 5 T Poiy Poit shield /--— sheath) a gS i 3 “ = ea sere = teation = I Kee tay 5] Screened Shielded Twisted Parr C51 stp)i- siete - & indi ( indive i 1 : Qn_ outer metal shrelding cov ring the entre. _gtoup of shielded co pperuuiires. “{otevFevence . 5 i= Gonducior.., . : A fation ; 4S dt Turisted Pais ¢ Slur? ) z 7 Conducdoy MCX Insulation Xo)-| \ Pairs te nad od aof Twisted Pair 2= —4>They—are— igh ly susceptible to signal interference _ “such ag EMT 4 RFI. : ’ Power loss due to conduction 4 radiation .— s' | * Applications. of Twisted Paix Cables s- i le ayn a) Local. Area: Nelworks CLAN). i stays ed Service Digital: Network (TSDN ) = 5) eatin Ring: networks 2 =) Pala Networks for short ¢ moedl ian eee anePQ —H — ania je(3m ~ L Waite a= abort! nole..on-G-oxial cabble(sm 1 ——_ ee pbieninge ante _Coraxtal cable Tél _Ap: Co-oxia\_Cablet- —___— | na att consist_of =a _solid-cenire conductor _surtounded z or such asteflony nies by 0 pinata t cand ar_shield mace of fine «wire as bow in fig. fine wire broid shag; ower conductor Aj, * DA Tallon or plasite insulation. os dielec hyic i Fi Fey insulator ir 5 a a Conducta ¢- ey eS = k i Cools copper) os ~ Fine wie braid shield protects bhe ee b = ike pees insulatoi also ca\led -as dielectric i has__significant effect on Cable’ proper Hes =SUcha i it's “afoinatest tics impedance 4 is“attenuation.— j ii Be paso weit “ [_——— Due 0 shield f ———Doise_immunity . f_Co-axial Cable 3-- provided this cable has excellent i ex bandwid th hi pair cables.install -Expensive Os compact io unisled_paiccable —2)--pauler_toss due jo co i 2) Percy to tt pay i > -passibility of shor) circuit between eames tors I ; __% Applications of Co-axial_ Cable :- Cable Tv nee m- Terminati cMTy elesj_ = oo how Ly. eee ‘note_on Optical & Fibre explain how Ligh) navels traugh_a_fibre Lam. I | 1 | T protective Covering, I | | "Gloss Cladding Ss b = Tales Cove - - = a consisi_of _innes glass care Suzaindad by é i Digital _siqnals are hansmitted in the form of injensity “modulated light tnhich is trapped iin - gqlas core. =~ 7 ~—light is Jaunched' into fibre using'light soure such OS“ \ED or Jogey sm ath if —Lghk_is_detected on other side using phoio-detector ———such_as_phato-transistoy hiahk en = todo O_glasa—fibye~ from ane end.pew Bad [fasts of shina gates agent bre comes out from far_end. _—=-A_small_portton_o} of incident.tighhescapes thao Dug. — 2 the side walle nf Gibreyeaot bebo jg - "= “The _light_slays inside the Fibre _§ does nol escape — _——through_walle- because of tolal iolernal reflection = tate pinee inside, the Alpi gS tine ac ~ Claddring¢ 2). corechs) gb - critical angie Rerlected Kay = is. higher than pherebathive index of. sinddtteg. ak ay Na Filbye must he -qrealier sthan critical angle ¢ - je. > hi. | sin = Ne | iat aa Fe YW | = _o, = sin! (Ne, { | ; aT: Wo —__k_ Modes. wopagation. = lode refers jo imaide optical {ibye. ee i) Single mode = light fol] : he coveii) ‘Multimode * light takes. roore than one paph {hrough cove. ee [soa Step_index _b]_Groded index a a fibre s- Ste ae a ae oe Tt “can +ransmit the data with very highspeed. interference - i : J i o—ciasstalk inside the cable. ~~ 5s) No electrical or electromagneHte~ A o shock hazards a3- they donot cong electri. —t— Disadvantages - of uopti dal: Fibre: 1) Expensive ~ = “ON ar Joining the optical fibre cables Dot simple - =) In Jaltdivan ts of yu, § ted tou +) Sophisticated Plants are ~requiized for Manufachuring jer fibre ! Se te ots= { ic Hr Fibre :+ local Areg Network —2)_ 1 on temiH |. q-—jhthatisbasehand--communicablon Eiplain Wimitat ios eitlnenuiauis Ane oa jenodtulal ion [Emp . Dees 2013 “Ans “| Baseband Communication =” : ——2 the slerital equivalent ouginal infarmaiiin Sym + 1is-knowinsas hasehand signal ass ac Jeg. i telephone networks Clocal call ) sl i) Computer network ae iNstances inhen pasta sade = worce signal cabnot travel longer distance sari. , ates ignal gets: attenuated xapidly - i “Hence “tax jrangimisaion: of baseband iqnals— hy {o3 ae: pabluvaen tec Nique: has to bent ed. + 1) To "yealaiee the height af cnotenna - = [The_height—of-enieénnarequired_for_tranemissio | puription- ot rodig-santes 10 tedit eee ee id a_Sunction of wovelengin § Frequency used =f lon eta aaa a | yhere A= Ss: Fromaveryhigh $2. cotlhAV reo equ en cies 5 anovaength-is i het Thence antenna —t qh eiediaw g-—Consider— ey a baseband d_signal wit ee ca Aus ae _ Height cof antenna i + Creston he cyenna of this eight is_proctical sib) i in tall to metal signe ot ea b BROS. 2 4 dre Vx [08x 4 = This a eA es b enoduitation fa_necessany, 10 reduce antenna het nt: oj To aati mixing. at ‘sil ___= i 5Rfa the base! smitbout using “roodulation buy mores than one aloigu in. Fy Gea S Tneteie itn te a omain i dl peeereny aon tig -— “Thus onda is rat's +opktte *g00kHe te Digital Yodulation - afi 2) Analog maclulation - a> Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) 1b). Pulse Duration Modulation ( PPM). LO\-Pulse_ Position Modulation (PPM) Se__Aropl itude Modulation — eee Chih Fopitade of AM wave ail change-with modula tng — signal : si nwt [sinwet, Cem= Ec sin wet + tmysin Cay = Ec Lit Eo S Modulation index = cms) Modulation fndex = am) Ee Sm mor can have value either m_can have value in hetmeen o and 1 less than ji oY Greater than i- Trans 1 ja depend Transmitted power yemais dant_on modulation index | constant 4 & independant of modulation index: eecr a, om value “| Modulation tnclex-detenmt any value d Qumber of staniftcant pt modulation index of _sidebands: Bw =2fm and it i's Baw-=ocd4fm) and it B— independant of modulation! dependant on roodulatio~ index: Index. AM equipments are lesa complex —M_ tyansmisaion 4 oop equipment ave cnare soot‘covriev Enformation is contained ncy_vauniatron of carriers AM systems is more susceptiby FM bas betber pofse to noise 4 move affected | by immunity than AM Doise than eM: Application L ion | Radio 4 TY broadca ting Satellite communication | Vwvidh z Bharti, Radio Mirchi - fM Wave -seueener ile! Jain Lhe “poate a ine oF. mo ~~ posic__ Structuie. of 14 "= The _struchire of mobile phone nelwio rk alanges it |e pe au lphare seth shi Dh Tia, Hexagenal cell's ae un ~~] Switched ~ ~~ __ See ey 204 centre. Re Telephoneone. | (19780). fi..[ CPST) SN {EA Mobile phone J communicales With Base station = The mobi stem has hexagonal shaped cells Fach _cell_hos~a base station cittiated at centre Base station acts as an snterface between the mobile phone 4 celular yadio See ——=_The base stations of all the cells are connected —— to sustiched center. - This interface fs_bi- divectional . PSTN 7 ~ Due to thts kind terface hebwee: 2 (0 Tn_oddition i performs Super jon § — el the commun ation — can take place, petniven +too Mobile Subscribers oF between o_mobile cuhscribey 6i 4o-base \ stabion of thal, COMM iets ee — ; Soa fit ._sertice spinuldeds dosconhlge mobile subscriber. sey _ continuous caithout {any break Pe a 4 t ™ a ee faq 1am_of Gsi4) sys - Gomis and penemnlian ag) nae system ie 9 t \ : uses digital madulabton_ _& vehwark levelwarchitectures 6 eervices — >= Fig shows block: diag rar. of: GM. sys bem 4 t fee £ i 4 - . r “ Hig, i Teac [i jtrey [vel | Loon SS RSTN Te Vomsc. arn ISDN. TL PS PDN os Tze I - : ; i hes ra a ! ie ae TR: \Aug} | | = Pi al | Base Hanon. Nelioo vis; SUbsysteo | subsystem LONSS | 4 i j 've Ggm_consish f a 15 Ti 20 equipment Ht Do 77 qpiernaitonal_Mobil ce ef jy sti_card = 74 ides pility to have haa [ 4 Yains th Ek access to aubseribed services. 1 con ins the _ j- internal obi eu 4 ah cH z | jation Subsystem (BSS). F i) Base Transceiver Stollen CB1S)=— “Ty has _sadio transceiver theit «define “a. ce _4 heindle ‘odio link protacels with mobile station (Ms) uv enitol le’: (RGGI ee =I} manages rhe yadio resources for one or more. BIS. a i Fx Hee hondbffs = “Fe Be >BSC is the connection betineen mobile station 9 — jachile suvitching centre Chisgc). ie : —Il]__Netwwoxk subsyetem (nea) eo ll = I ‘5 Msc) ~IF call vouting Leal andy id k eg tration. i Le) Location : apdating. i i ement of 1a sites dung ol u Home’ vocation: Req i tex: CHER) = Ti contain all the: administiative information of each | i : network. is Permanent —daiaba e P40 gras fee Sevice subscription sat = Fe ton oot Distrati ve_informatian from t contains — sels ane - SVL R> a. fey ine that shore ImMs1 4 | { aunactihey: E Maho Wa wise = oe area_of particulay Msc. -__ There Is one’ [= ay equipment Identity Roaster CEIR) ~ POP GMhie iat = Fa valid mobile oulpmenls— by Gra ected mobile under observatio : st_- “1 i [ ich service tS barred:| Authentt sposlMcard.- which he secret _k S over radio channe) Tor authenticafton > encryption ww “operation Sup oss) i= 2 this the_command cenfve ised o_rmanitor & contro) - the: Gasrt system « : ¥ = The H Network dperatfon g maintainance. t_ Cchargi hi