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Mat301 A2 Mat2009419

This document outlines the problems for Assignment 2 of the MAT301 course due on November 15, 2022. It includes 6 problems related to partial differential equations, Fourier series, and harmonic functions. Problem 1 involves verifying transformations of solutions to transport, diffusion, and wave equations. Problem 2 finds separated solutions to an PDE with boundary conditions. Problem 3 involves Fourier series representations of piecewise defined functions. Problems 4-6 involve using Fourier series to solve PDEs describing waves, heat, and harmonic functions over different domains.

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33 views29 pages

Mat301 A2 Mat2009419

This document outlines the problems for Assignment 2 of the MAT301 course due on November 15, 2022. It includes 6 problems related to partial differential equations, Fourier series, and harmonic functions. Problem 1 involves verifying transformations of solutions to transport, diffusion, and wave equations. Problem 2 finds separated solutions to an PDE with boundary conditions. Problem 3 involves Fourier series representations of piecewise defined functions. Problems 4-6 involve using Fourier series to solve PDEs describing waves, heat, and harmonic functions over different domains.

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1269657434
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MAT301 Assignment 2

(Due: 2022/11/15, 11:30pm)

Problem 1. Consider the following time-dependent equations:


(i) transport equation: ut = ux ;
(ii) di↵usion equation: ut = uxx ;
(iii) wave equation: utt = uxx .
Let u be a solution of any of the above. For each of the equation above, verify if the
following transform v p of u is also a solution.
(a) (t, x) = u(↵t, ↵x) for ↵ > 0;
(b) '(t, x) = u(↵t, ↵x) for ↵ > 0;
(c) (t, x) = u( t, x);
(d) µ(t, x) = µ( t, x).

1
Problem 2. Find all separated solutions u(t, x) = T (t) (x) of the following PDE with
boundary condition on x = 0:

@t u + x@x u = 0, (t, x) 2 (0, 1) ⇥ (0, 1), u(t, 0) = 0.

Use the result above to find a solution of the equation with initial condition

u(0, x) = 301x2 + 2021x4 , x 0.

2
Problem 3. The function : [ 1, 1] ! R has the following graph:

y
1

x
1 1

(a) Find the Fourier series of ;


(b) Use the result above to find the Fourier series of : [ 1, 1] ! R given by
(
5 x 2 [ 1, 0),
(x) :=
1 x 2 [0, 1].

(c) Use (a) to find the Fourier series of the function ' : [ 1, 1] ! R with the following
graph: (Hint: double the frequency and a phase shift may help.)

y
1

x
1 1 1 1
2 2

3
Problem 4. (a) Suppose : (0, ⇡) ! R admits a Fourier sine series
1
X
(x) = bn sin(nx).
n=1

Find the Fourier sine series for the function (x) = (x) cos x. Particularly, if admits a
Fourier sine series
1
X
(x) = (x) cos x = b̃n sin(nx),
n=1

express b̃k ’s in terms of bk ’s. (Hint: 2 sin(A) cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A B). Reindex the
summation.)
(b) The Fourier sine series of the function (x) = x on ( ⇡, ⇡) is given by

X1
1
⇡ x=2 sin (nx) .
k=1
n

Find the solution u of the wave equation with Dirichlet condition and wave speed c = 1:
⇢
utt = uxx (t, x) 2 (0, 1) ⇥ (0, ⇡),
u(t, 0) = u(t, ⇡) = 0 t > 0,

with initial data , :

u(0, x) = (x) = (x ⇡) cos(x), ut (0, x) = (x) = sin(x).

Express the solution u in terms of Fourier (sine or cosine) series.

4
Problem 5. A rod has length ` = 1 and constant  = 1. Its temperature satisfies the heat
equation

ut = uxx .

Its left end is held at temperature at 0, while the right end at temperature 1. Initially the
temperature is given by
⇢ 5
2
x 0 < x < 23 ,
(x) =
3 2x 23 < x < 1.

Find the solution, including the coefficients. (Hint: if U (x) is such that U 00 = 0, then for
any solution u of the heat equation, w(t, x) = u(t, x) U (x) is also a solution.)

5
Problem 6. Three harmonic functions uk , k = 1, 2, 3 are defined on the domain ⌦k ⇢ R2 ,
k = 1, 2, 3 given as follows. Particularly, ⌦1 is a disk of radius 1, ⌦2 is a square of side length
2, and ⌦3 is an equilateral triangle of side length 2.

(a) ⌦1 (b) ⌦2 (c) ⌦3

On the boundary each function uk takes two values, 0 or 1. As indicated in the graph
above, uk (x, y) = 0 for all (x, y) on the dashed portion, whereas uk (x, y) = 1 for all (x, y)
on the solid portion.
(a) Which k 2 {1, 2, 3} has the largest value uk (xk , yk ), where (xk , yk ) is the (rotational)
center of the domain ⌦k ? RR
(b) Which k 2 {1, 2, 3} has the largest integral ⌦k uk (x, y)dxdy?

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