Scribd
Upload
46 views16 pages

Open Shortest Path First - OSPF - Notes - For - Cs - 5

This document provides information on Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) including: - OSPF is an open standard link state routing protocol that was created in the 1980s to be used with any vendor's router. - It supports features like IPv4 and IPv6, load balancing, VLSM, route summarization, and unlimited hop counts. It uses the SPF algorithm and areas to scale networks. - While it requires more CPU and RAM resources, OSPF's area concept and support for triggers allow it to easily scale enterprise networks. It has configuration requirements like matching area IDs, authentication, and intervals between neighbors.

Uploaded by

happybeinganobody
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views16 pages

Open Shortest Path First - OSPF - Notes - For - Cs - 5

This document provides information on Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) including: - OSPF is an open standard link state routing protocol that was created in the 1980s to be used with any vendor's router. - It supports features like IPv4 and IPv6, load balancing, VLSM, route summarization, and unlimited hop counts. It uses the SPF algorithm and areas to scale networks. - While it requires more CPU and RAM resources, OSPF's area concept and support for triggers allow it to easily scale enterprise networks. It has configuration requirements like matching area IDs, authentication, and intervals between neighbors.

Uploaded by

happybeinganobody
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Open Shortest Path

First (OSPF)
Introduction
▪OSPF is a link state open standard based routing protocol.
▪It was created in mid-1980.
▪Since it is based on open standard, we can use it with any vendor’s router
Features and advantage of OSPF
▪It supports both IPv4 and IPv6 routed protocols.
▪It supports load balancing with equal cost routes for same destination.
▪Since it is based on open standards, it will run on most routers.
▪It provides a loop free topology using SPF algorithm.
▪It is a classless protocol.
▪It supports VLSM and route summarization.
▪It supports unlimited hop counts.
▪It scales enterprise size network easily with area concept.
▪It supports trigger updates for fast convergence.
▪Just like other routing protocols, OSPF also has its negatives.
Disadvantage of OSPF
▪It requires extra CPU process to run SPF algorithm.
▪It requires more RAM to store adjacency topology.
▪It is more complex to setup and hard to troubleshoot.
▪Basically OPSF was created to fulfill the requirement of enterprise size network. To scale a large
size network it uses area concept.
▪Area concept is similar to Sub-netting.
▪It allows us to separate the large internetwork into smaller networks known as areas.
▪Along with Area concept OSPF also supports Autonomous System (AS). Just like area, AS also
divide a large network into smaller networks.
OSPF Neighbor ship Condition and
Requirement
▪OSPF routers share routing information only with neighbors.
▪OSPF uses hello packets to discover neighbors in segments in every 10 secs.
▪A hello packet contains some essential configuration values that must be same on both routers
who want to build an OSPF neighbor ship.
▪In order to become OSPF neighbor following values must be match on both routers.
▪ Area ID
▪ Authentication
▪ Hello and Dead Intervals
▪ Stub Flag
▪ MTU Size
Area ID,
▪OSPF use area concept to scale enterprise size
▪Creates logically boundary for routing info. (default: do not share out the area)
▪Neighbor should be in same area
▪Area is associated with specific to interface not with entire router
▪Should have same Net.ID and Subnet mask
Dead Intervals
▪hello packets are used to maintain the neighbor ship
▪So a router must see hello packets from neighbor in particular time interval.
▪This time interval is known as dead interval.
▪ Dead interval is the number of seconds that a router waits for hello packet from neighbor,
before declaring it as dead. Default it is 40 seconds.
▪Router will declare it as dead if it is receiving after 40 sec.
▪router will propagate this information to other OSPF neighboring router via LSA message.
▪Hello and dead interval must be same between two neighbors. If any of these intervals are
different, neighbor ship will not form.
▪The usual rule of thumb with OSPF is to keep the dead time value four times the hello interval.
Stub Area Flag and MTU
▪This value indicates that whether sending router belong to stub area or not. Routers who want
to build OSPF neighbor ship must have same stub area flag.
▪Technically MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is not a part of compulsory matching conditions.
Still we should match this value. If this value does not match routers may stuck in
Exstart/Exchange exchange stage.
OSPF Configuration Step By Step Guide
OSPF uses the concept of:
1. Process ID
2. Area number
3. Wildcard mask
1. Which makes its configuration a little bit more complex
Wildcard Mask
Wildcard mask are used with network ID to filter the interfaces. Wildcard mask is different from
subnet mask. Subnet mask is used to separate the network portion and host portion in IP
address. While wildcard mask is used to match corresponding octet in network portion.
Wildcard mask tells OSPF the part of network address that must be matched
Key points
0 (Decimal – octet format) Wildcard mask indicates that corresponding octet in network address
must be matched exactly.
255 (Decimal – octet format) Wildcard mask indicates that we don’t care about corresponding
octet in network address
Wildcard Mask
Wildcard Mask
For example we want to exclude serial interfaces in above configuration. We can use a wildcard
mask of 0.0.0.255 to match the subnet mask of /24.

Above commands will ask router to match /24 bits of address instead of default /16 bits. Now
router will look for 172.168.1.x and 172.168.2.x network. Our serial interfaces have
172.168.3.0/24 and 172.168.4.0/24 networks which do not fall in these search criteria.
Configure OSPF routing protocol
▪Enabling OSPF is a two steps process:
▪Enable OSPF routing protocol from global configuration mode.
▪Tell OSPF which interfaces we want to include.
▪Commands:
◦ Router(config)# router ospf process ID
◦ This command will enable OSPF routing protocol in router. Process ID is a positive integer.
◦ We can use any number from 1 to 65,535. Process ID is locally significant.
◦ We can run multiple OSPF process on same router.
◦ Process ID is used to differentiate between them. Process ID need not to match on all routers.
Command
Router(config-router)# network IP_network_# [wildcard_mask] area [area
number]
▪Network command allows us to specify the interfaces which we want to include in OSPF
process. This command accepts three arguments network number, wildcard mask and area
number.
RIP (Routing Internet Protocol)
RIP is the simplest and one of the oldest Distance Vector routing protocol

You might also like