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1 Introduction To C 21dec2020

The document provides information about algorithms, how to write algorithms, flowcharts, and some examples of practice problems involving algorithms. It discusses that an algorithm is a sequence of steps to solve a problem, and outlines the typical steps to write an algorithm: define the input, variables, operations, and output. It also explains what a flowchart is and how it can be used to design a solution to a problem visually using standard symbols. The document then provides some practice problems asking the reader to write IF conditions and compare numbers.

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Nand Kumar
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26 views43 pages

1 Introduction To C 21dec2020

The document provides information about algorithms, how to write algorithms, flowcharts, and some examples of practice problems involving algorithms. It discusses that an algorithm is a sequence of steps to solve a problem, and outlines the typical steps to write an algorithm: define the input, variables, operations, and output. It also explains what a flowchart is and how it can be used to design a solution to a problem visually using standard symbols. The document then provides some practice problems asking the reader to write IF conditions and compare numbers.

Uploaded by

Nand Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

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Algorithm
An algorithm is a sequence of steps to
solve a particular problem.
or
algorithm is an ordered set of
unambiguous steps that produces a
result and terminates in a finite time.

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HOW TO WRITE ALGORITHMS
Step 1 Define your algorithms input

Step 2 Define the variables

Step 3 Outline the algorithm's operations

Step 4 Output the results of your algorithm’s


operations

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FlowChart
• Flowchart uses different symbols to design a solution to
a problem.

• It is another commonly used programming tool.

• By looking at a Flowchart, one can understand the


operations and sequence of operations performed in a
system.

• Flowchart is often considered as a blueprint of a design


used for solving a specific problem

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• Flowchart is diagrammatic /Graphical representation of
sequence of steps to solve a problem. To draw a
flowchart following standard symbols are use:

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No Ye
If Print A is
If A <B s
A==B smaller
Ye
s
No

Print both
number are Print B is
same smaller

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Practice
• Write if conditions for these situations.
• Let’s say we are dealing with an integer called n.
– The number is between 5 and 25 inclusive.
– Less than 12 or equal to 95.
– Even and less than 100.
– Between 10 and 20, or between 80 and 90.
– Ends in 7.
– Is neither 13 nor 17.
• Compare two numbers x and y.
– y is positive, and x is strictly between 0 and y.
Practice
Q1. Write a C program to input basic salary of an employee and calculate its Gross salary
according to following:
Basic Salary <= 10000 : HRA = 20%, DA = 80%
Basic Salary <= 20000 : HRA = 25%, DA = 90%
Basic Salary > 20000 : HRA = 30%, DA = 95%

Q2.Write a C program to input electricity unit charges and calculate total electricity bill
according to the given condition:
For first 50 units Rs. 0.50/unit
For next 100 units Rs. 0.75/unit
For next 100 units Rs. 1.20/unit
For unit above 250 Rs. 1.50/unit
An additional surcharge of 20% is added to the bill

Q3. Write a C program to input month number and print number of days in that month.

Q.4. Write a C program to check whether a number is divisible by 5 and 11 or not.

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von neumann architecture

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Constants, Variables and Keywords

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Constants

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• Rules for Constructing Integer Constants
– An integer constant must have at least one digit.
– It must not have a decimal point.
– It can be either positive or negative.
– If no sign precedes an integer constant it is assumed to be
positive.
– No commas or blanks are allowed within an integer constant.
– The allowable range for integer constants is -32768 to 32767.

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keywords

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Basics
• Each instruction in a C program is written as a separate
statement. Therefore a complete C program would
comprise of a series of statements.
• The statements in a program must appear in the same
order in which we wish them to be executed; unless of
course the logic of the problem demands a deliberate
‘jump’ or transfer of control to a statement, which is out
of sequence.
• Blank spaces may be inserted between two words to
improve the readability of the statement. However, no
blank spaces are allowed within a variable, constant or
keyword.

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• All statements are entered in small case letters.

• C has no specific rules for the position at which a


statement is to be written. That’s why it is often called a
free-form language.

• Every C statement must end with a ;. Thus ; acts as a


statement terminator.

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Example:

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Receive input

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C Instructions

•Type Declaration

•Arithmetic instruction

•Control instruction

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Type Declaration

int bas;
float rs, grosssal ;
char name, code ;

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