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Wearable device to measure heart beat using IoT

Conference Paper · January 2017

DOI: 10.1109/ICISC.2017.8068704

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 International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control
(ICISC-2017)

Wearable Device To Measure Heart Beat

using IoT
Jayanth S, Poorvi MB, R Shreyas, Padmaja B Sunil MP
Department of Electronics and Communication Assistant Professor, [email protected]
Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication
School of Engineering and Technology, Jain Engineering
University School of Engineering and Technology, Jain
Bangalore, India University
Bangalore, India

Abstract— Medicines are the primitive solution for the between other devices. Current market examples
prevention and cure for most of the diseases. Many risky include smart thermostat systems and washer/dryers
diseases can be cured and prevented with the use of that use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring.
proper medication. The main objective of our proposed
system, is to ensure a user friendly design that the
patients can use as a reminder alert to take their daily
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
medications on time. A wearable device is designed A wearable is developed which monitors the
which is used to monitor the heartrate. When there are heartbeat. As soon as the heartbeat measure reaches a
unambiguous changes in the heartrate, the user is critical value the patient is alarmed to consume the
alerted by a vibration to take the necessary drug. Also respective pill.
an Email is sent, reminding the user about the same.

Keywords— wearable; heartrate; IoT; SFH7051; This helps the user’s family and the user’s doctor
ESP8266 to monitor the user’s health efficiently and alert them
in case of emergencies.
I. INTRODUCTION Firstly, the SFH7051 produces analog output in
With advancements in medical science and accordance with the contraction and relaxation of the
technology, there is a need for efficient system which heart. The output of the SFH7051 will be in terms of
combines the new technology with medical science to milli volts and cannot generate a logic HIGH by itself.
improve healthcare. The fusion of novel advances in Hence we cascade the HSF7051 along with an
technology with healthcare provides large scope for amplifier capable of generating a logic HIGH during
improvements in the areas of patient care. the contraction of the heart and a logic Zero during the
relaxation of the heart. By doing so we are converting
The internet of things (IoT) is the network of the analog values to a digital bit stream. The advantage
physical objects-devices, vehicles, buildings and other of using the amplifier is the elimination of analog to
items-embedded with electronics, software, sensors, digital converters and additional controllers. As a
and network connectivity that enables these objects to result of this design, a compact, low power design is
collect and exchange data. The IoT allows objects to obtained.
be sensed and controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more Secondly, ESP8266 comes in various models.
direct integration of the physical world into computer- Depending on the model, the number of GPIO pins
based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, varies. Our design makes use of the ESP8266-01
accuracy and economic benefit. Internet of Things is which has only GPIO0 and GPIO2. The ESP8266
still in an evolutionary phase and needs to be supports wireless connection. It is connected to the
harnessed by organizations in the coming future. It is user’s wireless router for its proper functionality.
estimate that one in every six businesses is planning to GPIO2 is made as input and the heartbeat bit sequence
introduce an Internet of Things based product, and is read by the ESP8266. The ESP8266 is programmed
three-quarters of companies are exploring how to use to determine the heartrate using the bit sequence. It
the IoT to improve their internal operations and monitors the heartrate continuously for any
services. This diverse technology can prove to be a discrepancies. If found, it uses Simple Mail Transfer
boon to a number of industries such as retail, Protocol to immediately send an Email to the user’s
automobile, energy management, biotechnology and family and the concerned doctor to take necessary
healthcare. It has the potential to transform individuals, action. If this discrepancy occurs because of the user’s
our society and the world economy by connecting real- negligence of taking the medication on time, the
time information networks. These devices collect master device alerts the user to take the medication on
useful data with the help of various existing time every time. The entire system is made to run on
technologies and then autonomously flow the data CMOS 3v battery to reduce the size and make it
wearable.

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 International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control
(ICISC-2017)

Fig.1. Block Diagram of the Wearable Device

The flow chart for the wearable device is depicted
in fig 2. When the wearable powers on, it initializes
and calibrates the sensor’s values. The device will
initialize the minimum and maximum heart rate
values. The set, minimum and maximum values are
used to determine the abnormality in the user’s heart
rate.
After the system initializes, the HSF7051 is
used to detect the heartbeat. The heartbeat is measured
for a finite interval of time to compute the heartrate.
For example, if the finite time is 5 seconds. The
number of heartbeats measured during this duration is
multiplied 12 times to compute the heart rate. Since
the heart rate is number of beats per minute. This
process keeps executing until the system is turned off.
Once the heart rate is determined, the system compares
it with the initialized minimum and maximum values
to determine any abnormality. As long as the heart rate Fig.2. Flow chart for the wearable device
is in the desirable range, the system continuously
monitors the heart rate. If and when the abnormality in
the heart rate is observed, the system monitors any III. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
nearby Wi-Fi to connect itself. Once the system
connects to the network, it sends an email to the family A. Arduino
members and/or the concerned doctor intimidating The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board
them about abnormality in the user’s health. The
based on the ATmega2560.
system incorporates a vibrator to notify the user the
abnormality in his health and he has to enter a Wi-Fi
connectivity zone for the system to do the needful.
Once the mail is sent, the system continues to monitor
the health of the user.

Fig.3. ESP8266 module

B. ESP8266-01
ESP8266 is a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi
network solution that can carry software applications.
It is a highly integrated chip, including antenna, power

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 International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control
(ICISC-2017)

management converter, so with minimal external The first step is creating the schematic for the circuit.
circuitry, and includes front-end module, including the This is done using EAGLE 7.5.0 Light CADSOFT
entire solution designed to minimize the space software. The hardware interconnections are made as
occupied by PCB. shown above. The schematic comprises of ATMEGA
8A controller, SFH7051 Heartrate sensor, ESP8266
Wi-Fi module, 12 MHz Crystal Oscillator, 330ohms
resistors and capacitors.

Fig.4. ESP8266 module

C. SFH7051
The SFH 7051 from OSRAM Opto
Semiconductors is an integrated optical sensor
specially designed for heart rate monitoring. This
component is used in fitness trackers, smart watches
and other wearables. The new sensor consumes very
little power, thereby maximizing battery life.

Fig 7. Layout and Footprint of the wearable

The footprint of the entire circuit of the wearable is

created using EAGLE CADSOFT software. The
dimension of the PCB is 30.23X38.95mm.

B. PCB Fabrication

Fig.5. SFH7051
IV. CONSTRUCTION
The circuit of the wearable is made on a PCB with the
heartrate sensor (SFH7051), the Wi-Fi module
(ESP8266), the microcontroller (ATMEGA 8A),
crystal oscillator and resistors (330ohms).

Fig.8.Printed footprint on a A4 sheet

i. The circuit footprint is printed on an A4
Glossy sheet using a Laser printer.
ii. The printed circuit on the sheet is etched on
the PCB. This is done by placing the sheet on
the PCB and on providing heat using an iron
box, the circuit gets printed on the PCB.
iii. The etched PCB is immersed in a solution of
ferric chloride for about 10-15mins and
rocked to and fro. This is done to remove the
copper on the PCB.

Fig.6.Schematic diagram of the wearable

A. PCB Design

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 International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control
(ICISC-2017)

V. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF WEARABLE

A. Reading the values from the heartrate sensor

sfh7051
The principle measurement method has been
photo plethysmography (PPG), which in theory is a
measurement that absorbs reflected light from LEDs,
The LEDs emit different wavelength of light that
penetrates a person’s skin or other body tissues before
being reflected back, which is then picked up by the
sensor’s detectors. Data collected from the reflected
light provides biometric readings that is used to
determine a person’s physiological condition or
wellbeing.
When PPG is used to determine pulse rate, it
Fig.9.PCB after etching makes use of the fact that the red blood cells’
The final PCB after etching looks like as shown haemoglobin absorbs light. Moreover, the volume of
above. blood in blood vessels changes as the heart cyclically
expands and contracts as it pumps blood. Thus,
sensors are able to establish a pulse rate by getting a
reading from the reflected light. However, different
locations on the body requires LED light of different
wavelengths in order to get the best results. Green
light of 530nm, for instance, are suitable for sensors
worn on the wrists, and sensors for fingers generally
carry red and IR light of 660nm and 940nm.

Fig.10.Drilling holes for the placement of components

Holes are drilled on the etched PCB so that the

respective components can be placed and soldered.

Fig.12. Penetration of light through the skin

B. Configuring ESP8266
The set of commands used to configure
ESP8266 for the wearable is as follows:
1. AT-This is used to test the working of the ESP8266
module. If the module is working, it responds back
with an "OK" command
2. AT+CWMODE-This is used to set the mode of the
network It can be used as a station or an access point
Fig.11.The final PCB or both. The AT+CWMODE=1 sets the network as a
Each component is placed in this respective position. "Station". In IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) terminology, a
The components are the soldered. station (STA) is a device that has the capability to use
the 802.11 protocol.
3. AT+CWJAP-This is used to set the SSID and
password for the network. The command is used in
this format ->AT+CWJAP="Med-ALERT”,
“password".

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 International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control
(ICISC-2017)

4. AT+CIPMUX-This is used to establish single or

multiple TCP/UDP connection. The AT+CIPMUX=0
is used to establish a single TCP connection.
5. AT+CIPSTART-This is used to setup a TCP or
UDP connection. The command is of the format
AT+CIPSTART=<type> <addr> <port> since
AT+CIPMUX=0. In this case it is written as
AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\184.106.153.149\",80"
6. Finally to send the values the below command is
used:
GET/update?Key=8JGZESXV0BKHFRVD&field1=*
VALUE*.

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The wearable is an additional feature that comes along
with the proposed system. It continuously monitors
the user’s heartbeat and provides a feedback path for
the user, user’s family and the concerned doctor of the
user about the effects of the medication. The feedback
is in the form of the values being updated onto a web
link. This novel idea opens whole new possibility for
the doctors to study the patient by analyzing the
feedback from the patient under different medications. Fig.14.Heartrate values with all stats
After the values are read from the heartrate sensor and
the wifi module is setup, the values are uploaded to
the link http://:thingspeak.com/channels/120892. The VII. CONCLUSION
user as well as the doctor or any other family member The wearable on the hand is designed to monitor the
can access the link as long as they internet connection. heartrate of the patient using the sensor SFH7051. The
heartrate values are uploaded to a web link where the
any person with internet connection can access the
link. So if the heartrate is less or more accordingly the
doctor or family member can immediately inform the
patient to take the necessary medication.

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[3] Narender M, Vijayalakshmi M, Raspberry Pi based Advanced
Scheduled Home Automation System through E-mail, 2014 IEEE
[4] Deepti Ameta, Kalpana Mudaliar, Medication Reminder And
Healthcare-An Android Application, Ijmpict, Vol. 6, No. 2, June
2015
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A Mobile Phone Based Medication Reminder and Monitor
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