International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299

Volume: 3 Issue:2 March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280

SMART ELEVATOR SYSTEM

Ms. Disha Chandankhede1, Ms. Shraddha Lokhande2, Ms. Jayashri Belkhode3, Ms.
Sonu Dhabarde4, Ms. Rajshree Patil5
Electronics and Telecommunications Engg, DMIETR Wardha, India
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Abstract -
Elevators in a building has long been recognized as an important issue to improve
transportation efficiency, since elevator service ranks second after heating, ventilation and
air conditioning as the main complaints of building tenants. The problem, however, is
difficult because of complicated elevator dynamics, uncertain traffic in various patterns,
and the combinatorial nature of discrete optimization. With the advent of technologies, one
important trend is to use advance information collected from devices such as destination
entry, radio frequency identification and sensor networks to reduce uncertainties and
improve efficiency. Most of conventional elevators have simple up and down buttons for
hall calls, and destinations are not known until passengers placed car calls from inside an
elevator. This system has keypads to enter passenger destination floors, and destinations
are known in advance. The operation of the elevators will vary for different modes like
normal and emergency modes. In the normal mode the lift in the nearest floor will move to
the Destination. The floors are identified through IR sensing. In the emergency situation
where smoke is sensed in any of the floors all the lifts will move to that particular floor.
Movement of the lift in this mode will be faster compared to the normal mode.

I. INTRODUCTION
There has been a significant amount of work in the area of elevator to minimize the
discounted or average passenger waiting time for up-peak traffic has been studied in
destination entry system, passengers can enter their destination through keyboards before
they get into the lift .Elevator get smart by using RFID. Several NP variants with inheritance
have been developed to address this problem the latest advancements in sensor technology
and information technology further open up the possibility to collect future open up the
possibility to collect future traffic information within a certain time window . It provides the
structure of the optimal control policy to minimize the discounted or average passenger
waiting time for up-peak traffic. In conventional elevator systems, only up and down, buttons
are available for hall calls, and passengers cannot specify their destinations until they enter
the elevators. The systems need to make decisions in the presence of uncertainties on
passenger arrival times and destinations. The destination entry system, passengers can enter
their destinations through keyboards before they get into the lift. Lift or elevator, is a
transport device that is very common to us nowadays. We use it every day to move goods or
peoples vertically in a high building such as shopping center, working office, hotel and many
more. It is a very useful device that moves people to the desired floor in the shortest time to
cope with traffic uncertainties, advanced technologies have been introduced to collect and
predict traffic information. In a Destination Entry system, passengers can enter their
destinations through keyboards before they get into the cars. For these systems, passenger

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 International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 3 Issue:2 March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280

arrival times, origins, and destinations are known before the systems make decisions

II. OBJECTIVE

In a building, effective operations of transportation systems including elevators,

escalators, and stairs are vital. In addition, while buildings are evacuated by stairs according
to current standards, stairs are inefficient because they become congested, people slow down
during the long distance from top floors to the ground, and the elderly and persons with
disabilities might not use stairs at all. Elevators have been shown to be potentially invaluable
in certain emergencies such as the detection of chemical or biological agents, or fires in
neighboring buildings. Nevertheless, as emergencies are rare events, systems specifically
designed for egress cannot be justified based on such merits alone, but must provide an
increased value during normal operations as well.
Most of conventional elevators have simple up and down buttons for “hall calls,” and
destinations are not known until passengers placed “car calls” from inside an elevator. It
takes more time for the passengers to move to the destination as the requested lift might be in
top floor and other lift may be in the nearer floors.
One important aim of this project is to improve elevator systems and to provide
transportation efficiency for mid-rise and high-rise buildings, increase the flexibility of
elevators. .It remains as an open and challenging issue to develop new scheduling methods
that can effectively utilize advance traffic information. Taking advantage of advance
information, a new door action control method is developed to increase the better
performance in it. This paper focuses on improving conventional elevator system and shows
the potentials for practical applications.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Optimization of Group Elevator Scheduling with Advanced Information

Group elevator scheduling has received considerable attention due to its importance to
transportation efficiency for mid-rise and high-rise buildings. A two-level formulation is
developed with passenger-to-car assignment at the high-level and single car dispatching that is
innovatively formulated as passenger-to-trip assignment at the low-level. Detailed car
dynamics are embedded in simulation models for performance evaluation. Taking advantage
of advance information, a new door action control method is suggested to increase the
flexibility of elevators. In view of the hierarchical problem structure, a two-level optimization
framework is established. Key problem characteristics are exploited to develop an effective
trip-based heuristic for single car dispatching, and a hybrid nested partitions and genetic
algorithm method for passenger-to-car assignment which can be extended to solve a generic
class of sequential decision problems. Numerical results demonstrate solution quality,
computational efficiency, benefit of advance information and the new door action control
method ,and values of new features in our hybrid method.
This paper is motivated by the needs to develop new elevator scheduling methods that can
make effective use of advance traffic information. A novel two-level formulation is developed,
with detailed car dynamics embedded in simulation models for performance evaluation.
Taking advantage of advance information, a new door action control method is suggested. Key

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 International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 3 Issue:2 March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280

problem characteristics are exploited to develop an effective two-level optimization

framework, where the high-level solution method can be extended to solve a generic class of
sequential decision problems .Numerical results demonstrate values of advance information
and the new door action control method, and effectiveness of our solution method. Further
improvement is needed to reduce CPU time for online implementation.
2. Normal and Emergency Mode using Group Elevator Scheduling with Advance
information
Scheduling a group of elevators in a building has long been recognized as an important
issue to improve transportation efficiency, since elevator service ranks second after heating,
ventilation and air conditioning as the main complaints of building tenants. The problem,
however, is difficult because of complicated elevator dynamics, uncertain traffic in various
patterns, and the combinatorial nature of discrete optimization. With the advent of
technologies, one important trend is to use advance information collected from devices such as
destination entry, radio frequency identification and sensor networks to reduce uncertainties
and improve efficiency.
This paper implements the optimized scheduling of a group of elevators with destination
entry and future traffic information for normal operations and coordinated emergency
evacuation. To overcome the difficulties caused by traffic uncertainties, one important trend is
introduced to explore advance information. Most of conventional elevators have simple up and
down buttons for hall calls, and destinations are not known until passengers placed car calls
from inside an elevator. This system has keypads to enter passenger destination floors, and
destinations are known in advance. The operation of the elevators will vary for different
modes like normal and emergency modes. In the normal mode the lift in the nearest floor will
move to the destination.
In this paper, a series of experiments have been done to check the good performance of the
system in several aspects of interest
3. Group elevator scheduling with advanced traffic information for normal operations
and coordinated emergency evacuation
Group elevator scheduling has long been recognized as an important issue for
transportation efficiency. The problem, however, is difficult because of the large state space,
various traffic profiles, and uncertainties. With the progress in information technology and
sensor networks, one potential way is to use advanced traffic information to reduce
uncertainties and optimize the performance. How to effectively utilize such information
remains an open and challenging issue.
This paper presents the optimized scheduling of a group of elevators with advanced traffic
information for normal operations and coordinated emergency evacuation. A look-ahead time
window is first introduced to model advanced information. Key characteristics of group
elevator scheduling are abstracted to establish an innovative formulation. The objective
function is transformed into an additive form to facilitate the decomposition of the problem
into individual car sub problems. Sub problems are independently solved by using a local
search method in conjunction with dynamic programming with a novel definition of stages,
states, decisions, and costs to optimize single car dispatching. With surrogate optimization,
local search is “good enough” to set multiplier updating directions. Individual cars are then
coordinated through the updating of multipliers by using surrogate optimization for near-
optimal solutions. Numerical testing results demonstrate that near-optimal solutions are
obtained for problems of moderate sizes under selected traffic patterns. The results also show

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 International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 3 Issue:2 March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280

the value of advanced information through testing different window sizes and rescheduling
intervals.

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Fig. 1: Block diagram of the system

The Block diagram shows the different component used in the Smart Elevator System. It
consists of DC motors, Driver Circuit, IR Sensors, Smoke Sensors, LCD Display, Timer and
Matrix Keypad, RFID reader. A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated
circuit consisting on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combine
with support functions such as a crystal oscillator, timers, and watchdog timer, serial and
analog I/O etc. Neither program memory in the form of NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often
included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM.
A passive Infra-Red sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared (IR)
light radiating from objects in its field of view, PIR sensors are often use in the construction
of PIR-based motion detectors (see below). Apparent motion is detected when an infrared
source with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with
another temperature, such as a wall. Computer parallel and serial forms.
Input is given through keypad and LCD is to display the floors. IR Transmitters are placed in
the floors and IR receivers in the Lift. In the normal mode when input is received from the
user the Processor will process based on timer scheduling and move to nearest lift to the
destination. In the emergency mode when smoke is sensed in any of the floors at a time all
the lifts will be moved to the particular destination with the increased speed than normal
mode. The lift is operated using DC motor driven by the DC Motor Driving Circuit. A DC
motor is an electric motor that runs n direct current (DC) electricity. The DC electric motor
generates torque directly from DC power supplied to the motor by using internal
commutation, stationary permanent magnets, and rotating electrical magnets.
This system has keypads to enter passenger destination floors, and destinations are known in
advance. The operation of the elevators will vary for different modes like normal and
emergency modes. In the normal mode the lift in the nearest floor will move to the
destination. The floors are identified through IR sensing. In the emergency situation where
smoke is sensed in any of the floors all the lifts will move to that particular floor. Movement
of the lift in this mode will be faster compared to the normal mode.

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 International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 3 Issue:2 March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

VI. SOFTWARE

1. Atmel Studio 6.0

Atmel Studio is the new integrated development environment from Atmel. It provides you a
modern and powerful environment for doing AVR and ARM development. Get started by
exploring the included example projects. Run your solution on a starter or evaluation kit.
Program and debug your project with the included simulator, or use one of the powerful on-
chip debugging and programming tools from Atmel.Atmel Studio carries and integrates the
GCC tool chain for both AVR and ARM, Atmel Software framework, AVR assembler and
simulator. All newest Atmel tools are supported including AVR ONE!, JTAGICE mkII,
JTAGICE3, STK500, STK600, QT600, AVRISP mkII, AVR Dragon and SAM-ICE.
2. PCB Artist
PCB Artist is just one of many PCB layout software tools available to use, but an
understanding of one layout tool can easily transfer to any PCB design tool.
PCB Artist is a free software tool and can be downloaded for free at www.4pcb.com. The
only restriction is that PCB Artist will not output a Gerber (.grb) file for general use to be
fabricated anywhere, but a .fab file that must be fabricated through Advanced Circuits.
The process for PCB design is to first create a list of parts you will use in the circuit, then
search for these parts in the libraries available. If the parts are not in any of the available
libraries, you must create the components. This includes making a schematic symbol, a PCB
symbol and then creating a component that will connect the two together in order for the
program to relate the schematic to the PCB design. Next create the schematic, which is a
symbolic representation of the circuit, configuring the functionality of the circuit. The final
step is to then tell the software to import all the components’ PCB symbols that are in the
schematic and arrange them physically how you want them to be fabricated on the board.
After ordering the completed PCB you must then order the parts to populate the board. The
parts can be professionally soldered, or you can solder the parts yourself.

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 International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 3 Issue:2 March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280

VII. HARDWARE

1. IR SENSOR

An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of
the surroundings. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes that can be detected by
an infrared sensor.
The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply
an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the
IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode. The resistances and these output voltages,
change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.
2. RFID MODULE
NON-VOLATILE
MEMORY
EEPROM
FLASH

DIGITAL CIRCUITRY
ANALOGUE
CONTROL LOGIC READ ONLY
CIRCUITRY
SECURITY LOGIC MEMORY
DATA TRANSFER
INTERNAL LOGIC ROM
POWER SUPPLY
MICROPROCESSOR

RANDOM
ACCESS
MEMORY
RAM

Basic Structure of an RFID transponder

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) used electromagnetic energy as a medium for
communication. The two basic components, a reader and a transponder, are connected to a
host computer that controls the reader. The transponder consists of a single unit containing a
radio receiver and transmitter. When the transponder receives a signal from the unit reader, it
responds by transmitting its unique identification code and any other data that is requested in
the form of a serial data stream. . The object of any RFID system is to carry data in suitable
transponders, generally known as tags, and to retrieve data at a suitable time and place to
satisfy particular application needs. Data within a tag may provide identification for an item
in manufacture, goods in transit, object location information, the identity of a vehicle, or
animal identification. In addition to tags, the system requires a means of reading or
interrogating the tags, and some means of communicating the data to a host computer.
3. DC MOTOR

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 International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 3 Issue:2 March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280

A DC motor relies on the fact that like magnet poles repel and unlike magnetic poles
attract each other. A coil of wire with a current running through it generates an
electromagnetic field aligned with the center of the coil. By switching the current on or off in
a coil its magnet field can be switched on or off or by switching the direction of the current in
the coil the direction of the generated magnetic field can be switched 180°.
4. MOTOR DRIVER L293D IC

L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as current
amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher current signal.
This higher current signal is used to drive the motors.

5. LCD

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of
color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. Each pixel consists
of a column of liquid crystal molecules suspended between two transparent electrodes, and
two polarizing filters, the axes of polarity of which are perpendicular to each other. Without
the liquid crystals between them, light passing through one would be blocked by the other.
The liquid crystal twists the polarization of light entering one filter to allow it to pass through
the other. Many microcontroller devices use 'smart LCD' displays to output visual
information.
6. SMOKE SENSER
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.
Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm
system, while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms, generally issue a
local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself. Smoke detectors are housed in plastic
enclosures, typically shaped like a disk about 150 millimeters (6 in) in diameter and 25
millimeters (1 in) thick, but shape and size varies. Smoke can be detected either optically
(photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), detectors may use either, or both,
methods. Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter, smoking in areas where it is
banned.

APPLICATIONS

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 International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299
Volume: 3 Issue:2 March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280

 Multinational Companies
 Colleges
 Hospitals
 Shopping complex
 Apartments
• Defense areas

ADVANTAGES
 Power Consumption is less.
 Travelling and waiting time reduced.
 Regulated allotment of the passengers thus reduced traffic
• Efficient elevator transportation

CONCLUSION
This paper presents a design principle of elevator conservation systems which is able to
minimize the energy consumption of existing traction elevator system. By using
microcontroller as a controlling device, this work aims to control the elevator and enhance
the performance. As microcontroller is being used here as a controller, it is very much chip
and easy to control and can be made without any dependency to external hardware.
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[3] J. Gale, - Destination control and tower top access in Belgium, Elevator World,
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