Review of Counting & Probability Basics: How To Use This Book III Acknowledgements VII
Review of Counting & Probability Basics: How To Use This Book III Acknowledgements VII
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CONTENTS
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
ix
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Excerpt from "Intermediate Counting & Probability" ©2012 AoPS Inc.
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CONTENTS
3 A Piece of PIE 49
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2 PIE With 2 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.3 PIE With 3 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.4 Counting Problems With PIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.5 PIE With Many Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.6 Counting Items With More Than 1 of Something . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.7 Some Harder PIE Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
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CONTENTS
7 Distributions 145
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
7.2 Basic Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
7.3 Distributions With Extra Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
7.4 More Complicated Distribution Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
7.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
10 Recursion 192
10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
10.2 Examples of Recursions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
10.3 Linear Recurrences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
10.4 A Hard Recursion Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
10.5 Problems Involving Catalan Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
10.6 Formulas for the Catalan Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
10.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
xi
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CONTENTS
xii
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Excerpt from "Intermediate Counting & Probability" ©2012 AoPS Inc.
www.artofproblemsolving.com
CONTENTS
References 366
Index 383
xiii
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