Scribd
Upload
201 views22 pages

Switching Techniques

This document discusses different switching techniques used in computer networks: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection for the duration of a communication between nodes. Packet switching divides messages into packets that are sent independently and can follow different routes to the destination. Message switching treats each message as an independent unit that is stored and forwarded between nodes without requiring an end-to-end connection.

Uploaded by

krushitghevariya41
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
201 views22 pages

Switching Techniques

This document discusses different switching techniques used in computer networks: circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection for the duration of a communication between nodes. Packet switching divides messages into packets that are sent independently and can follow different routes to the destination. Message switching treats each message as an independent unit that is stored and forwarded between nodes without requiring an end-to-end connection.

Uploaded by

krushitghevariya41
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

SWAMI VIVEKANAND COLLEGE OF

COMPUTER SCIENCE

DCN
Unit 3 - Network Model
Udaysir
Topics of Unit 3

 Switching Technique: Circuit, Packet, and


Message Switching

 Layered Tasks: Sender, Receiver.

 OSI Reference Model.

02
 Connection Less Vs Connection Oriented,
Reliable Vs Unreliable Connections

 IP Packet Format and IP Addressing(IPV4)


Topic

Switching Techniques

02
Switching Techniques
 Switching is a mechanism by which data/information sent from
source to destination which are not directly connected.

 Networks have interconnecting devices, which receives data


from directly connected sources, stores data, analyze it and
then forwards to the next interconnecting device closest to the
destination.

 So, Switching techniques are mechanisms for moving data


from one network to another network.
Switching Techniques
Following are types of Switching Techniques

1. Circuit Switching
2. Packet Switching
3. Message Switching
(1) Circuit Switching
 Circuit switching is used for Analog Communication.

 Circuit switching establishes dedicated path that remains fixed


for the duration of a connection between two stations.

 It has basically 3 phases as circuit establishment,


data transfer and circuit disconnect.

 Path is a connected sequence of links between nodes.


Circuit Switching…

Example:
 Telephone switching equipment establishes a path between two
telephones Connection, path is established before transmission
begins.
 Thus channel capacity must be available and reserved between
each pair of nodes in the path to perform the connection.
 There is a delay prior to data transfer for call establishment,
However, once the circuit is established, the network is
efficiently transparent to the users.
 The data are transmitted at a fixed rate with no delay.
Circuit Switching…
Circuit Switching…

 In this diagram data or message are pass from Sender (A) to


Sender (B).
 The message are travel from a specific path.
 During this travel message are move from one node to another
node which is also known as network.
Circuit Switching…

(1) Connection setup (2) Data transfer (3) Connection terminate.

Connection setup :

 Before the 2 or more nodes can communicate, a dedicated


circuit needs to be established.
 Connection setup means creating dedicated channels switches.
 Circuit establish based on connection links, measure of
availability and cost.
Circuit Switching…

Data Transfer :
 After the establishment of the dedicated circuit (channels), the two
nodes can transfer data.
 The data may be digital or analog.
 The signaling and transmission may each be either digital or analog.
Generally, the connection is full duplex and data may be transmitted
in both directions.
Connection Terminate:
 When one of the nodes needs to disconnect, Signal is sent to
each switch to release the resources.
(2) Packet Switching
 Packet switching can be used as an alternate to circuit switching.
 Packet switching is used for Digital Communication.
 It is used in packet switched networks.
 Data is sent in units that have variable length. They are called as
Packets.
 There is a maximum limit on the size of packets in a packet switch
network.
 In packet switching, messages are divided into smaller pieces called
packets.
 The packet contains data and various control information.
Packet Switching …

 The packet switched networks allow any host to send data to any
other host without reserving the circuit.
 Multiple paths between a pair of sender and receiver may exist in a
packet switched network.
 Each packet includes source and destination address information so
that individual packets can be routed through the internetwork
independently.
Packet Switching …
Packet Switching …

Advantages of Packet Switching


 The main advantage of packet switching is the efficiency of the
network.
 The packet switching reduces network bandwidth wastage.
 Packet switching is highly reliable.
 The packets can be moved over to other path of the network.
 All the packets may follow a different route to the destination.
Packet Switching …

Disadvantages of Packet Switching


 Packets may be lost on their route, so sequence numbers are
required to identify missing packets.
 Switching nodes requires more processing, as Packet switching
protocols are more complex.
 Switching nodes for packet switching require large amount of
memory to handle data.
 A large data transmission delay occurs.
(3) Message Switching
 A message is a logical unit of information and can be of any length.
 The messages are stored in the switch station’s buffer memory and
when a line is available the data are forwarded to the appropriate
station.
 Message switched networks are called store and forward network.
 If a station wishes to send a message to another station, it first adds
the destination address to the message.
 Message switching does not establish a dedicated path between the
two communicating devices i.e. no direct link is established between
sender and receiver.
Message Switching …

 Each message is treated as an independent unit.


 Each complete message is then transmitted from device to device
through the internetwork.
 The intermediate node stores the complete message temporarily and
check for the errors.
 When the message reaches a node, the channel on which it came is
released for use by another message.
 There is no wait required for the station to open connection and
forward the data.
Message Switching …

 Message switching is commonly used in email because some delay is


possible in the delivery of email.
Message Switching …

Advantages of Message Switching


 It provides efficient traffic management by assigning priorities to the
messages to be switched.
 No physical connection is required between the source & destination.
 Each node can store the message until communication channel
becomes available.
 Channels are used effectively on the network devices
 It supports the message length with unlimited size.
Message Switching …

Disadvantages of Message Switching


 Message length is unlimited, so that each switching node must have
sufficient memory to store message.
 Storing & forwarding facility introduces delay.
 Not Suitable for real time applications like voice and video.
Udaysir

You might also like