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Sets and Maps

This document contains 9 exercises on the topics of sets, maps, and Cartesian products. It begins with exercises involving properties of sets, subsets, unions, intersections, and differences. Later exercises cover Cartesian products of sets, characteristic functions of sets, and properties of injective, surjective and bijective functions. The exercises provide examples and ask students to determine properties, simplify expressions, and prove identities.

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26 views2 pages

Sets and Maps

This document contains 9 exercises on the topics of sets, maps, and Cartesian products. It begins with exercises involving properties of sets, subsets, unions, intersections, and differences. Later exercises cover Cartesian products of sets, characteristic functions of sets, and properties of injective, surjective and bijective functions. The exercises provide examples and ask students to determine properties, simplify expressions, and prove identities.

Uploaded by

iam.006fz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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National Higher School of Mathematics

Preparatory Cycle Academic Year : 2023/2024


First Year Course : Algebra 1

Worksheet 2 :
Sets and Maps

Exercise 1.
Which of the following statements are true and which are false ?

1. {a, ∅} ⊂ {a, {a, ∅}}. 4. If A := {a, {a}}, then {{a}} ∈ P(A).


2. 1 ∈ P ({1, 2}). 5. {x ∈ N | x3 = x2 + 5x + 3} = {−1, 3}.
3. ∅ ∩ {∅} = ∅. 6. ∅ ∈ A, for any set A.

Exercise 2.
1. Consider the following subsets of Z.

A := {n ∈ Z | n = 2m for some m ∈ Z} B := {n ∈ Z | 3 divides n}


C := {n ∈ Z | n2 is odd} D := {n ∈ Z | 0 ≤ n ≤ 10}.

Find each of the following sets

(a) A ∪ C. (c) A ∩ B. (e) C \ B.


(b) A ∩ C. (d) D \ A. (f ) D ∩ (A \ B).
\ [
2. In each of the following cases, suppose we are given sets Ak for each k ∈ N. Find Ak and Ak .
k∈N k∈N
 
(a) Ak = {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , 2k}. 1 3k + 2 S
(d) Ak = , {5 + k}.
(b) Ak = {k − 1, k, k + 1}. k k
     
k−3 1 S 3k − 1
(c) Ak = 0, . (e) Ak = −1, 3 + 2, .
k+2 k k

Exercise 3.
Let S be a set and let A, B, C be subsets of S.
1. If we have C ⊂ A ∪ B, can we say that C ⊂ A or C ⊂ B ?
2. What can we say about the sets A and B if A ∩ B = A ∪ B. Justify your answer.
3. Show that
(a) A ∪ B = B ∩ C =⇒ A ⊂ B ⊂ C.
(b) (A ∩ B = A ∩ C ∧ A ∪ B = A ∪ C) =⇒ B = C.
(c) A ⊂ C ⇐⇒ A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ C.
(d) (A ∩ B = A ∩ C) ⇐⇒ (A ∩ B = A ∩ C).
(e) (A ∩ B ⊂ A ∩ C) ∧ (A ∪ B ⊂ A ∪ C) =⇒ B ⊂ C.
4. (a) Simplify the following expressions :

1
i. (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∪ B). iii. (A ∪ B) \ (A ∪ C).
ii. (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B).

(b) Deduce that (A ∪ B) ∆ (A ∪ C) = A ∩ (B∆C).


Exercise 4.
Let A, B, C be subsets of a set S. Show that :

1. A \ (B ∩ C) = (A \ B) ∪ (A \ C). 6. (A \ B) \ C = A \ (B ∪ C) = (A \ B) ∩ (A \ C).
2. (A ∪ B) \ C = (A \ C) ∪ (B \ C). 7. A∆B = (A ∪ B) \ (A ∩ B).
3. A ∩ (B \ C) = (A ∩ B) \ (A ∩ C). 8. (A ∩ B)∆(A ∩ C) = A ∩ (B∆C).
4. A \ B = A ⇐⇒ B \ A = B. 9. A∆B = A∆B.
5. (A \ C) \ (B \ C) = (A \ B) \ C. 10. A∆B = A ∩ B ⇐⇒ A = B = ∅.

Exercise 5.
Let S be a set and ∅ ≠ E ∈ P(S). Show that the following proprieties are equivalent.
2
1. ∀(A, B) ∈ E , A∆B ∈ E and A ∩ B ∈ E.
2. ∀(A, B) ∈ E 2 , A∆B ∈ E and A ∪ B ∈ E.
3. ∀(A, B) ∈ E 2 , A ∪ B ∈ E and A \ B ∈ E.
Exercise 6.
1. Let A := {0, 1}, B := {−2, 1} and C := {3, 5, 7}. Determine the following sets

(a) A × B × C. (c) (A × B) × C. (e) P(A × B).


(b) A × (B × C). (d) A × P(B). (f ) P(A) × P(B).

2. Let D = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | x2 + y 2 ≤ 1} . Show that D can not be written as a Cartesian product A × B,


where A, B ⊂ R.
Exercise 7.
Let A, B, C, D, E and F be non-empty sets. Prove the following identities for Cartesian products :

1. (A ⊂ C) ∧ (B ⊂ D) ⇐⇒ A × B ⊂ C × D. 4. (A × B) \ (A × C) = A × (B \ C).
2. (A × B) ∪ (A × C) = A × (B ∪ C). 5. (E × H) ∩ (F × G) = (E ∩ F ) × (H ∩ G).
3. (A × B) ∩ (A × C) = A × (B ∩ C). 6. If A ̸= B and A × C = B × C, then C = ∅.

Exercise 8.
For any non-empty subset A of a set S, the characteristic function of A is the map f from S to {0, 1}
defined as follows 
1, if x ∈ A,
f (x) :=
0, otherwise.
Let A and B be non-empty two subsets of a set S. Denote by f and g the characteristic functions of A
and B respectively. Show that the maps 1 − f, f × g, and f + g − f × g are characteristic functions.
Exercise 9.
Are the following maps injective ? surjective ? bijective ? Determine the inverse map when possible.

f3 : R −→ R∗+
f1 : R −→ R f2 : R −→ R
ex + 2
x 7−→ f1 (x) = x − E(x); x −
7 → f2 (x) = E(2x); x −
7 → f3 (x) = −x ;
e

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