IP Addressing

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IP Addressing
IP (Internet Protocol):
IP Addresses are divided into 5 Classes, These are divided by IANA: - Internet Assigned Number
authority.
We are using two type of version
 IPV4
 IPV6
So let start first discussing IP V4.

 IP uses packets called IP packets to carry information. Every IP packet should have address.
 The IP address (IPV4) is 32 bit and consists of 2 parts, the network part and the host part.
Example:
192 168 1 1
8 Bit 8 Bit 8 Bit 8 Bit
N N N H
The IP address is 32 bit but we write it into 4 block of 8 bit as given above.
IP Addresses are divided into 5 Classes, There are divided by IANA:- Internet Assigned Number
Authority.
Class A 1-126
Class B 128-191
Class C 192-223
Class D 224-239 - Multicast
Class E 240-255 - Reserved
So we are only using Class A,B & C IP address
Subnet Mask: It’s an address used to identify the network and host portion of the IP address
Class A N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0 /8

Class B N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0 /16
Class C N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0 /24
Remember 255 represent Network bit and 0 represent Host bit.
:[email protected] 2 of 8 : +91 81438 09578

Class A = /8 = 2^24 (16,600,000) Addresses for hosts
Class B = /16 = 2^16 (65,000) Addresses for hosts
Class C = /24 = 2^8 (256) Addresses for hosts
Class A's default mask is 255.0.0.0, or /8

Class B's default mask is 255.255.0.0, or /16
Class C's default mask is 255.255.255.0, or /24
255.0.0.0 in binary is 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000.
255.255.0.0 in binary is 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000.
255.255.255.0 in binary is 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000.
We have Private IP and Public IP let discuss what that is.
Private IP:
 It use within the Organization.
 It is Free
 It is Unregister IP
 It is Unique with the network
 It not recognized on Internet
Public IP:
It use in Public Network
It is not free (Need to Pay ISP or IANA to get)
It is Register IP
It is Globally Unique
It recognized on Internet
Please find the below private IP address.
Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Loopback Address:
 Address beginning with 127 is not assign to any network device.
 From 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 is fully reserved for loopback Purpose.
 We use loopback IP to check our LAN Card is working or not.
 Loopback addresses are used for checking and troubleshooting purpose.
Example:
Ping 127.0.0.1 –if reply is coming mean our LAN Card is working.

APIPA:
 APIPA stand for Automatic Private IP Addressing.
 Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) is a feature in operating systems (such as Windows)
that enables computers to automatically self-configure an IP address and subnet mask when
their DHCP server isn't reachable.
 The IP address range for APIPA is 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254, with the subnet mask of
255.255.0.0
 In other words we can say Windows computer assign itself an IP address if a DHCP is not
available.
 We can say when DHCP Fail then APIPA feature is use to get IP address to computer.

Class Full IP Address:
 This IPv4 address which use default subnet mask is called Class Full IP address.
Class IP Address Subnet Mask
A 10.0.1.2 255.0.0.0
B 172.16.0.3 255.255.0.0
C 192.168.0.6 255.255.255.0

Classless IP Address:
 This IPv4 address which not use default subnet mask is called Class less IP address.
 IPv4 addresses which sub netting are use.
Class IP Address Subnet Mask

A 10.0.1.2 255.255.0.0
B 172.16.0.3 255.255.255.0
C 192.168.0.6 255.255.0.0
Unicast Address Type:
 One to one communication is called Unicast communication.

 In Unicast data is send from one computer to another computer.
 It is a one-to-one transmission.
For example, a device having IP address 192.168.1.2 in a network wants to send the traffic stream
(data packets) to the device with IP address 192.168.4.2 in the other network, and then unicast
comes into picture. This is the most common form of data transfer over the networks.
Multicast Address Types:

 One to a specific group communication is called Multicast Communication.
 Type of communication where multicast traffic addressed for a group of devices.
 IP v4 class D network is reserved for Multicasting (244.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 cannot
assignment to network hosts).
 In Multicast, the sender transmits only one copy of data and delivered many devices.

Broadcast Address Types:
 One to all communication is called Broadcast Communication.
 Type of communication where data is sent from one PC and copy to all devices.
 In Broadcast, there is only one sender and the data is sent only once, However the Broadcast
data is delivered to all connected devices.
 As we know switches do broadcast and Router drop the broadcast traffic.

IP Addressing

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Welcome

We are using two type of version

So let start first discussing IP V4.

So we are only using Class A,B & C IP address

Class A N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0 /8

Remember 255 represent Network bit and 0 represent Host bit.

:[email protected] 2 of 8 : +91 81438 09578

Class A's default mask is 255.0.0.0, or /8

We have Private IP and Public IP let discuss what that is.

Please find the below private IP address.

Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

:[email protected] 3 of 8 : +91 81438 09578

:[email protected] 4 of 8 : +91 81438 09578

:[email protected] 5 of 8 : +91 81438 09578

:[email protected] 6 of 8 : +91 81438 09578

Class IP Address Subnet Mask

Unicast Address Type:

 One to one communication is called Unicast communication.

Multicast Address Types:

:[email protected] 7 of 8 : +91 81438 09578

:[email protected] 8 of 8 : +91 81438 09578

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