CHAPTER-I

1. WEB DEVELOPING

Website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified

with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server. A website may be

accessible via a public Internet Protocol (IP) network, such as the Internet, or a private local

area network (LAN), by referencing a uniform resource locator (URL) that identifies the site.

Websites can have many functions and can be used in various fashions; a website can be

a personal website, a commercial website for a company, a government website or a non-profit

organization website. Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, ranging

from entertainment and social networking to providing news and education. All publicly

accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web, while private websites, such as

a company's website for its employees, are typically a part of an intranet.

Web development is a broad term for the work involved in developing a web site for

the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network). Web development can range

from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-

based internet applications (or just 'web apps') electronic businesses, and social network

services. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which web development commonly refers, may

include web engineering, web design, web content development, client liaison, client-

side/server-side scripting, web server and network security configuration, and e-commerce
development. Among web professionals, "web development" usually refers to the

main non-design aspects of building web sites: writing markup and coding..

1.1 Several Aspects Of Web Developing

Before developing a web site once should keep several aspects in mind like:

 What to put on the web site?

1.2 Process

These are the steps considered while developing a webpage:

3. TOOLS

3.1 Introduction

The Translate and Edit application had been planned to consist of two parts-front-end and

back-end development. The front-end is the part of the web that you can see and interact with

(e.g. Client-side programming). While front-end code interacts with the user in real time, the

back-end interacts with a server to return user ready results. The front-end is a combination

of HTML,CSS and JavaScript coding. By using JavaScript, modifications of the design of a

web page can be made immediately, however only temporary and visible only by the user.

Normally the user would not have rights to modify web content dynamically on the server

side. Logically, administrators are the ones who deal with back-end modification of

databases for example, as they often contain sensitive data which should not be available to

see or modify by the general public. These front-end and back-end tools includes languages

like HTML,CSS,JavaScript ,PHP ,MYSQL etc. We will discuss all these languages in brief as

given below.

3.2 Features

Web Page Assests, Resources, and Network Information

Profiing and Auditing

4. HTML

4.1 Introduction

HTML (Hyper Text Mark-Up Language) is what is known as a "mark-up language" whose role

is to prepare written documents using formatting tags. The tags indicate how the document is

presented and how it links to other documents.

The World Wide Web (WWW for short), or simply the web, is the worldwide network

formed by all the documents (called "web pages") which are connected to one another by

hyperlinks.

Web pages are usually organised around a main page, which acts as a hub for browsing other

pages with hyperlinks. This group of web pages joined by hyperlinks and centred around a

main page is called a website.

The Web is a vast living archive composed of a myriad of web sites, giving people access to

web pages that may contain formatted text, images, sounds, video, etc.

4.2 What is the Web?

The Web is composed of web pages stored on web servers, which are machines that are

constantly connected to the Internet and which provide the pages that users request. Every web

page, and more generally any online resource, such as images, video, music, and animation, is

associated with a unique address called a URL. The key element for viewing web pages is the

browser, a software program which sends requests to web servers, then processes the resulting

data and displays the information as intended, based on instructions in the HTML page.

The most commonly used browsers on the Internet include:

Mozilla Firefox,

Microsoft Internet Explorer,

Netscape Navigator,

Safari,

Opera

4.3 Versions Of HTML:

HTML was designed by Tim Berners-Lee, at the time a researcher at CERN (Chinese Ecosystem

Research Network), beginning in 1989. He officially announced the creation of the Web on

Usenet in August 1991. However, it wasn't until 1993 that HTML was considered advanced
enough to call it a language (HTML was then symbolically christened HTML l. 0).

RFC 1866, dated November 1995, represented the first official version of HTML, called HTML

2.0. After the brief appearance of HTML 3.0, which was never officially released, HTML 3.2

became the official standard on January 14, 1997. The most significant changes to HTML 3.2

were the standardization of tables, as well as many features relating to the presentation of web

pages.

On December 18, 1997, HTML 4.0 was released. Version 4.0 of HTML was notable for

standardizing style sheets and frames. HTML version 4.01, which came out on December 24,

1999, made several minor modifications to HTML 4.0.

CHAPTER-5

5. css:

5.1 What Is CSS?

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.

CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other

media .

CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once

External stylesheets are stored in CSS files.

CSS describes how HTML elements should be displayed.

CSS Saves a Lot of Work! The style definitions are normally saved in external .css files.

With an external stylesheet file, we can change the look of an entire website by changing

just one file!

CSS can be either external or internal.

5.2 CSS Syntax:

A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:

CSS selector: The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.

The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.

Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.

A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration blocks are surrounded by

curly braces.

The External CSS can be declared in the required HTML page as:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="CSS file _ name ".css">

corresponding HTML file using the <style> tag. Using External CSS is much better than using

Internal . Here are a few reasons this is better.

Easier Maintenance

Reduced File Size

Reduced Bandwidth

Improved Flexibility

The selectors that can be used to select the HTML part are-

Id selector

Class selector

5.2.1 Id Selector:

The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific element. The id of

an element should be unique within a page, so the id selector is used to select one unique

element! To select an element with a specific id, write a hash (#) character, followed by the id

of the element. The style rule below will be applied to the HTML element with id="paral ":

Example-

Suppose the HTML content is as follow,

<hl id="paral ">content</hl>

Then Id will be declared as

#paral {

text-align: center;

color:blue;

font-family:jokerman;

5.2.2 The class Selector:

The class selector selects elements with a specific class attribute.

To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed by the name of the

class.

.paral

text-align: center;

color:blue;

font-family: Jokerman;
5.3 CSS Comments:

Comments are used to explain the code, and may help when you edit the source code at a later

date. Comments are ignored by browsers. A CSS comment starts with / * and ends with *l.

Comments can also span multiple lines.

Example-

.paral

text-align: center;

color:blue;

font-family: Jokerman;

/ *this is the single line comment */

In the example above, all HTML elements with class=paral " will be blue and center-aligned.

5.4 CSS styles:

Background properties

Border properties

Padding

Margin

Color

Font properties

Text propertiesLink properties / Navigation bar properties

CHAPTER-6

6. JAVASCRIPT:

6.1 What is JavaScript?

JavaScript is an object-based scripting language that is lightweight and cross-platform.

JavaScript is not compiled but translated. The JavaScript Translator (embedded in browser) is

responsible to translate the JavaScript code.

It is mainly used for:

Client-side validation

Dynamic drop-down menus.

Displaying data and time.

Displaying popup windows and dialog boxes (like alert dialog box, confirm dialog box

and prompt dialog box).

Example of JavaScript-

<h2>Welcome to JavaScript</h2>

<script>

document.write("Hello JavaScript by JavaScript");

</script>

Here , <script> tag is used to initialize the script and document.write() is a function used to write.

Like CSS, JavaScript also can be can be placed in:

1.

2.

3.

Between the body tag of html

In .js file (external javaScript)

Between the head tag of html

6.1.1 JavaScript Example: code between the body tag —

In the given example, we have displayed the dynamic content using JavaScript. Let's see the

simple example of JavaScript that displays alert dialog box.

<script

alert("Hello Javatpoint");

</script>

6.1.2 JavaScript Example .

• code in .JS file -

message.js file

function msg()

alert("Hello Javatpoint");

index.html

<head>

<script type="text/javascript" src="message.js"></script>

</head>

<body>

<p>Welcome to JavaScript</p>
<form>

<input type="button" value="click" onclick="msg()"/>

</form>

We can create external JavaScript file and embed it in many html page.