PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION ASKED IN CBSE, BOARD EXAM.

CHAPTER-1, ELECTRIC CHARGE AND FIELD

1 What is electric flux? Write its S. I. Units. Prove the Gauss’s theorem,
Using Gauss’s theorem,
a. Deduce the expression for electric field for a line of charge
b. Deduce an expression for the electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged infinite
plane sheet.

2 A parallel plate capacitor is charged toa potential difference, V by DC source. The capacitor is then
disconnected from the source. If the distance between the plates is doubled state with reason
how the following will change?
(i) Electric field between the plates.
(ii) Capacitance
(iii) Energy stored in the capacitor.

3 Establish a relation between the electric field E at any point just outside a conducting surface of
surface charge density σ.
Just outside the conductor electric field is perpendicular to the surface. Give reason.

4 Two infinite parallel plates have uniform charge densities (i) +σ (ii) -σ . Derive an expression for
the electric field intensity
(a) in the region between plates
(b) Outside the plates.
5 Define the term electric dipole moment. Prove that for a short dipole electric field intensity at a
point on the axial line is twice that on the equatorial line.
6 (a) Derive an expression for the capacitance of aparallel plate capacitor when a dielectric slab
of dielectric constant K and thickness t but same area as that of the plates is inserted
between the capacitor plates. (t < d, d is the separation between the plates)
(b) Two dielectric slabs of dielectric constant K1 And K2 are filled in between the two plates,
each of area A, of the parallel plate capacitor as shown in figure. What would be the
capacitance of the capacitor in each case.

d K1 d/2
K1 K2
K2 d/2

7 Two points charges 4 μC and -2 μC are separated by a distance of 1m in air. Calculate at what
point on the line joining the two charges is the electric potential zero. (r = 2/3 m)
8 A 20 μF capacitor is charged by a 30V dc supply and then connected across an uncharged 50 μF
capacitor. Calculate:-

a.The final potential difference across the combination, and

b. The initial and final energies. How will you account for the difference in energy.
9 Deduce the expression for the energy of a capacitor.
 CURRENT ELECTRICITY (UNIT : II)

2 MARKS QUESTIONS

1 Define relaxation time of free electrons drifting in a conductor. How is it related to the drift
velocity of free electrons?

2 What is meant by internal resistance of a cell?. On what factors does this resistance depends and
how?.

3 The plot of the variation of potential difference across a combination of three identical cells in
series, versus current is as shown below. What is the emf and internal resistance of each cell ?

4 Two wires X ,Y have the same resistivity, but their cross-sectional areas are in the ratio 2:3 and
lengths in the ratio 1:2 . They are first connected in series and then in parallel to a d.c source. Find
out the ratio of the drift speeds of the electrons in the two wires for the two cases.
5

6 The resistance of a conductor is 5Ω at 50 0C and 6Ω at 100 0C. What will be its resistance at
0
0C?

7 A conductor of length ‘l’ is connected to a dc source of potential V. If the length of the conductor is
tripled by stretching it , keeping ‘V’ constant, explian how the following factors vary in the
conductor:
(i) Drift speed of electrons (ii) Resistance
8 Three identical resistors when connected in series to a d.c source, dissipate a power X watts. If
these ressitors are connected in parallel to the same d.c source, What will be the power
dissipation in this case?
9 A 100 W and a 200 W domestic bulbs joined inseries are connected to the mains. Which bulb will
glow more brightly? Justify.
10 Two metallic wires of the same material have the same length but cross-sectional area is in the
ratio 1:2. They are connected (i) in series and (ii) in parallel . Compare the drift velocities of the
electrons in the two wires in both the caes.
11 A voltage of 30 V is applied across a carbon resistor with first, secondand thir rings of blue, black
and yellow colours, respectively. Calculate the value of current in mA, through the resisor.
12 What is the change in resistance of an constantan wire when its radius is halved and the length is
reduced to one- fourth of its original value.
13 Find the equivalent resistance between the points A and B. Each resistor has a value of 2Ω. Also
find the current drawn from the cell of emf 6 V connected across A and B.

14 How does the balancing point of a Wheatstone bridge get affected when (i) Position of cell and
galvanometer and interchanged. (ii) Position of the known and unknown resistances is
interchanged ?
15 Briefly explain how the drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor varies when the (i)
temperature of the conductor is increased and (ii ) applied potential difference is decreased,
keeping temperature constant.

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

3 MARKS QUESTIONS

1 Define the term drift velocity and relaxation time . Write the mathematical relation between them.
Explain the variation of drift velocity and relaxation time with temperature.

2 Establish the relation between current and drift velocity. Hence obtain the relation between
current density and drift velocity.

3 *A potential difference V is applied to a conductor of length l, diameter D. How are the electric
field E, the drift velocity vd and the resistance R affected when (i) V is doubled (ii) l is doubled (iii) D
is doubled ?
4 Define EMF and terminal potential difference of a cell. When a battery of emf E and internal
resistance r is connected to a resistance R, a current I flows through it. Derive the relation between
E, I, r and R.

5 What is a Wheatstone bridge ? Deduce the condition for which Wheatstone bridge is balanced.
6 Draw a circuit diagram of a meter bridge arranged to determine an unknown resistance. Explain
briefly its working, giving the necessary formula used.
7 Two cells of e.m.f E1 and E2 and internal resistance r1 and r2 respectively are joined in parallel, so as
to give current in the same direction. Establish the expression for equivalent e.m.f and internal
resistance of the combination.

8 A conductor of length ‘l’ is connected to a d.c source of potential ‘V’ . if the length of the conductor
is doubled by stretching it, keeping ‘V’ constant, explain how do the following factors vary in the
conductor:
(i) Drift speed of the electrons.
(ii) Resistance, and
(iii) Resistivity

9 With the help of circuit diagram explain how the e.m.f’s of V

two cells are compared by the Potentiometer. X
The variation of potential difference V with length l in case
of two potentiometers X and Y are shown . Which of these Y
will you prefer for comparing e.m.f’s of two cell s and why?

I
10 Define the term mobility. Give its unit. Explain how electron mobility changes for a good conductor
when (i) the temperature of the conductor is decreased at constant potential difference and (ii)
applied potential difference is doubled at constant temperature.

11 Two metallic wires of the same material and same length but different cross-sectional areas are
joined together (i) in series (ii) in parallel, to source of emf. In which of the two wires will the drift-
velocity of electron be more in each of the two cases and why?

12 Define current density . Give its direction. Deduce the relation connecting current density (J) and
conductivity (σ) of the conductor, when an electric field E, is applied to it.

13 A potentiometer wire has a length L and a resistance r. It is connected to a battery of emf E along
with a series resistance R. Find an expression for the potential gradient of the potentiometer wire.
What will be the effect on the position of zero deflection in a potentiometer if (i) the emf of the
driving cell is decreased (ii) length of the potentiometer wire is doubled.

14 In the potentiometer circuit shown, the null point is at X. State with reason, where the balance
point will be shifted when
(a) Resistance R is increased, keeping all other parameters unchanged;
(b) Resistance S is increased, keeping R constant.
 Why is a potentiometer preferred over a voltmeter for measuring the emf of a cell ?

15 A number of identical cells, n, each of emf E, internal resistance r connected in series are charged by
a d.c. source of emf E, using a resistor R.
(i) Draw the circuit arrangement.
(ii) Deduce the expressions for
(a) the charging current and
(b) the potential difference across the combination of the cells.

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

5 MARKS QUESTION

1 Define the term resistivity and write its S.I unit. Derive the expression for the resistivity of a
conductor in terms of number density of free electrons and relaxation. Explain using this relation,
why resistivity of a metal increases and that of a semiconductor decreases with rise in
temperature.

2 Write the principle of working of a potentiometer. Describe briefly, with the help of a circuit
diagram, how potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of given cell.
How the sensitivity of a potentiometer can be increased?
 CHAPTER:4 MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

1 2015

A square loop of side 20 cm carrying current 1 A is kept near an infinitely long straight wire
carrying current 2 A ,calculate the magnitude and direction of net force on the loop due to
the current carrying con doctor.
2 A square shaped plane coil of area 100 cm2 of 200 turns caries a steady current of 5 A . it is 2014
placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.2 T acting perpendicular to the plane of the coil.
Calculate the torque on the coil when its plane makes an angle of 60o with the direction of
the field. In which orientation will the coil be in stable equilibrium?
3 An ammeter of resistance 0.80 can measure current upto 1.0 A. 2013
(i) What must be the value of shunt resistance to enable the ammeter to measure current 2007
upto 5.0 A?
(ii) What is the combined resistance of the ammeter and the shunt?
4 Two identical circular wires P and Q each of radius R and carrying current ‘I’ are kept in 2012
perpendicular planes such that they have a common centre as shown in the figure. Find the
magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the common centre of the two coils.

2012
5 2014

Two identical circular loops, P and Q, each of radius r and carrying currents I and 2I
respectively are lying in parallel planes such that they have a common axis. The direction of
 current in both the loops is clockwise as seen from O which is equidistant from the both
loops. Find the magnitude of the net magnetic field at point O.
5 A wire of length L is bent round in the form of a coil having N turns of same radius. If a
steady current I flows through it in a clockwise direction, find the magnitude and direction 2009
of the magnetic field produced at its centre
6 A straight wire carrying a current of 12 A is bent into a semi-circular arc of radius 20 cm as 2010

shown. What is the magnetic field B


at O due to (i) straight segments (ii) the semi-circular arc?
7 A jet plane is travelling west at 450 ms 1. If the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic 2008
field atthat place is 4 104tesla and the angle of dip is 30°, find the emf induced between the
ends ofwings having a span of 30 m.
8 Write the expression for Lorentz magnetic force on a particle of charge ‘q’ moving with 2012
velocity v in a magnetic field B . Show that no work is done by this force on the charged
particle.
9 A steady current (I1) flows through a long straight wire. Another wire carrying steady 2012
current (I2) in the same direction is kept close and parallel to the first wire. Show with the
help of a diagram, how the magnetic field due to the current I1 exerts a magnetic force on
the second wire. Write the expression for this force.

10 A rectangular loop of wire of size 4 cm × 10 cm carries a steady current of 2A. A straight 2012
long wire carrying 5A current is kept near the loop as shown. If the loop and the wire are
coplanar, find
(i) the torque acting on the loop and
(ii) The magnitude and direction of the force on the loop due to the current carrying wire.

11 A particle of charge ‘q’ and mass ‘m’ is moving with velocity V. It is subjected to a uniform
magnetic field B directed perpendicular to its velocity. Show that it describes a circular
path. Write the expression for its radius
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

1 A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and cross sectional area 1.6 x10–4m2 carrying a current 2014
of 4.0 A is suspended through its centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane. Find
the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid,
(ii) Magnitude and direction of the torque on the solenoid if a horizontal magnetic field of
7.5x10–2T is set up at an angle of 30with the axis of the solenoid.

2 State the principle of working of a galvanometer. A galvanometer of resistance G is converted 2015

into a voltmeter to measure upto V volts by connecting a resistance R1 in series with the coil. If a
resistance R2 is connected in series with it, then it can measure upto V/2 volts. Find the
resistance, in terms of R1 and R2, required to be connected to convert it into a voltmeter that
can read upto
2 V. Also find the resistance G of the galvanometer in terms of R1 and R2.

3 (a) Why is the magnetic field radial in a moving coil galvanometer? Explain how it is achieved. 2013
(b) A galvanometer of resistance ‘G’ can be converted into a voltmeter of range (0-V) volts by
connecting a resistance ‘R’ in series with it. How much resistance will be required to change its
range from 0 to V/2?

4 Deduce the expression for the torque acting on a planar loop of area A and carrying current I 2010
placed in a uniform magnetic field B,
If the loop is free to rotate, what would be its orientation in stable equilibrium?

5 State Biot – Savart law. Deduce the expression for the magnetic field at a point on the axis 2006
of a current carrying circular loop of radius ‘R’, distant ‘x’ from the centre. Hence write the
magnetic field at the centre of a loop.
6 2007
–4
7 A uniform magnetic field of 6·5 x10 T is maintained in a chamber. An electron enters into 2008
6 2011
the field with a speed of 4·8 x10 m/s normal to the field. Explain why the path of the
electron is a circle. Determine its frequency of revolution in the circular orbit. Does the
frequency depend on the speed of the electron ? Explain.
8 A uniform magnetic field is set up along the positive x-axis. A particle of charge ‘q’ and mass ‘m’ 2013
moving with a velocity v enters the field at the origin in X-Y plane such that it has velocity
components both along and perpendicular to the magnetic field B
Trace, giving reason, the trajectory followed by the particle. Find out the expression for the
distance moved by the particle along the magnetic field in one rotation.
9 A wire AB is carrying a steady current of 12 A and is lying on the table. Another wire CD carrying 5A 2010
is held directly above AB at a height of 1 mm. Find the mass per unit length of the wire CD so that it
remains suspended at its position when left free. Give the direction of the current flowing in CD with
respect to that in AB. [Take the value of g = 10 ms–2]
10 Depict the field-line pattern due to a current carrying solenoid of finite length. 2009
(i) In what way do these lines differ from those due to an electric dipole?
(ii) Why can’t two magnetic field lines intersect each other?
11 A long straight wire AB carries a current I. A proton P travels with a speed v, parallel to the wire, at a 2010
distance d from it in a direction opposite to the current as shown in the figure. What is the force
experienced by the proton and what is its direction?

12 2010

An -particle and a proton moving with the same speed enter the same magnetic field region at
right angles to the direction of the field. Show the trajectories followed by the two particles in
the region of the magnetic field. Find the ratio of the radii of the circular paths which the two
particles may describe.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

1 (a) Use Biot-Savart law to derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a circular coil 2010
of radius R having N turns at a point on the axis at a distance ‘x’ from its centre. Draw the 2015
magnetic field lines due to this coil.
(b) A current ‘I’ enters a uniform circular loop of radius ‘R’ at point M and flows out at N as
shown in the figure. Obtain the net magnetic field at the centre of the loop.

2 (a) Show how Biot-Savart law can be alternatively expressed in the form of Ampere’s 2003
 circuital law. Use this law to obtain the expression for the magnetic field inside a solenoid of
length ‘l’, cross-sectional area ‘A’ having ‘N’ closely wound turns and carrying a steady
current ‘I’. Draw the magnetic field lines of a finite solenoid carrying current I.
(b) A straight horizontal conducting rod of length 0.45 m and mass 60 g is suspended by two
vertical wires at its ends. A current of 5.0 A is set up in therod through the wires. Find the
magnitude and direction of the magnetic field which should be set up in order that the
tension in the wire is zero.

3 (a) State Ampere’s circuital law. Use this law to obtain the expression for the magnetic field 2008
inside an air cored toroid of average radius ‘r’, having ‘n’ turns per unit length and carrying 2005
a steady current I.
(b) An observer to the left of a solenoid of N turns each of cross section area ‘A’ observes
that a steady current I in it flows in the clockwise direction. Depict the magnetic field lines
due to the solenoid specifying its polarity and show that it acts as a bar magnet of magnetic
moment m = NIA.
4 (a) Draw the magnetic field lines due to a circular loop of area A carrying current I. Show 2013
that it acts as a bar magnet of magnetic Moment m =AI .
(b) Derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a solenoid of
length ‘2 l’, radius ‘a’ having ‘n’ number of turns per unit length and carrying a steady
current ‘I’ at a point on the axial line, distant ‘r’ from the centre of the solenoid. How does
this expression compare with the axial magnetic field due to a bar magnet of magnetic
moment ‘m’?
5 (a) Draw a labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer. State its working principle. What 2014
is the function of a cylindrical soft iron core used in it ?
(b) Define the terms (i) current sensitivity and (ii) voltage sensitivity.
(c) Explain the underlying principle used in converting a galvanometer into a (i) voltmeter
and (ii) ammeter.
6 2011
7 (a) State Ampere’s circuital law. Show that the magnetic field B at a distance r outside the 2014
straight infinite wire carrying current I is tangential and is given by
B = µo I / (2πr).
(b) Consider a long straight cylindrical wire of circular cross-section of radius a, as shown in
the figure. The current I is uniformly distributed across this cross-section. Calculate the
magnetic field B in the region r < a and r > a. Plot a graph of B versus r from the centre of
the wire.
 CHAPTER:5 MAGNETISM

1 How magnetic field lines are different from electric field lines? Write any two properties of magnetic
field lines.
2 The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field is equal to the vertical component at a place.
Find the angle of dip?

3 Define the three elements to describe Earth’s magnetism at a place, show them in a diagram.

4 A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown below when two specimens X and Y are
placed in it. Identify whether specimens X and Y are diamagnetic, paramagnetic or ferromagnetic.

5 Which of the following substances are diamagnetic?

Bi, Al, Na, Cu, Ca and Ni

6 How does angle of dip change as one goes from magnetic pole to magnetic equator of the
Earth?

7 The permeability of a magnetic material is 0.9983. Name the type of magnetic materials it represents.
8 Deduce the expression for magnetic dipole moment of an electron revolving around the
Nucleus in a circular orbit of radius ‘r’. Indicate the direction of the magnetic dipole moment.

9 Deduce the expression for magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole at any point on the
I. Axial line
II. Equatorial line
Describe the expression for torque experienced by a dipole in a uniform magnetic field.

10 In what way is Gauss’s law in magnetism different from that used in electrostatics? Explain briefly.
The Earth’s magnetic field at the Equator is approximately 0.4 G; Estimate the Earth’s magnetic
dipole moment. Given: Radius of the Earth = 6400 km.
CHAPTER – 6 (ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION)
1 Define the term mutual inductance between the two coils. Obtain the expression for
mutual inductance of a pair of long co-axial solenoids each of length l and radii r 1and
r2.Total number of turns in the two solenoids are N1 and N2 respectively.

2 State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Deduce the expression of Motional emf
using the laws

3 What are eddy currents? How are they produced? In what sense eddy currents are
considered undesirable in a transformer? How can they be minimized? Give two
applications of eddy currents.

4 State the working of a.c. generator with the help of a labelled diagram. The coil of an ac.
Generator having N turns, each of area A, is rotated with a constant angular velocity.
Deduce the expression for the alternating emf generated in the coil. What is the source of
energy generation in this device?

5 Write an expression for the energy stored in an inductor of inductance L, when a steady
current is passed through it. Is the energy electric or magnetic?
6 Derive expression for self-inductance of a long air-cored solenoid of length l, cross-
sectional area A and having number of turns N.
 CHAPTER – 6 (ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES)
Questions that have been asked one time

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1 What are the directions of electric and magnetic field vectors relative to each other and
relative to the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves? [CBSE(AI)2012]

2 Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the following wavelengths
belong:
(i) 10-1m (ii) 10-12 m[CBSE (AI) 2008]

3 Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the following wavelengths
belong:
1 mm (ii) 10-11 m
4 Welders wear special goggles or face masks with glass windows to protect their eyes
from electromagnetic radiations. Name the radiations and write the range of their
frequency.[CBSE(AI)2013]

5 Name the electromagnetic radiations used for studying the crystal structure of solids and
write its frequency range
[CBSE (AI) 2007, 2009]

6 The speed of an electromagnetic wave in a material medium is given by v = 1/√µε, µ

being the permeability of the medium and € its permittivity. How does its frequency
change?

7 The frequency of oscillation of the electric vector of a certain electromagnetic wave is

5x1014 Hz. What is the frequency of oscillation of the corresponding magnetic field vector
and to which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does it belong?

8 Which of the following has the shortest wavelength?

Microwaves, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays[CBSE (AI) 2010]
9 To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does a wave of frequency 5x10 19 Hz
belong?[CBSE (AI) 2014]
How are X-rays produced
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2, 3 MARKS)
1 What is meant by the transverse nature of electromagnetic waves? Draw a diagram
showing the propagation of an electromagnetic wave along X-direction, indicating
clearly the directions of oscillating electric and magnetic fields associated with it.
[CBSE (AI) 2008]

2 Identify the following electromagnetic radiations as per the wavelengths given

below.
(a) 10-3 nm (b) 10-3m (c) 1 nm
Write one application of each. [CBSE (AI) 2008]

3 Identify the following electromagnetic radiations as per the frequencies given

below:
(a) 1020 HZ (b) 109 HZ (c) 1011 HZ
Write one application of each. [CBSE (AI) 2008]

4 Write the order of frequency range and one use of each of the following
electromagnetic radiations
(a)Microwaves (b) Ultraviolet rays (c) Gamma rays

5 A capacitor of capacitance of ‘C’ is being charged by connecting it across a dc source

along with an ammeter. Will the ammeter show a momentary deflection during the
process of charging? If so, how would you explain this momentary deflection and
the resulting continuity of current in the circuit? Write the expression for the
current inside the capacitor.

6 Arrange the following electromagnetic eaves in the order of their increasing

wavelength:
Gamma rays, microwaves, x rays, radio waves.
How are infra-red waves produced? What role does infra-red radiation play in (i)
maintaining the Earth’s warmth and (ii) physical therapy?

7 Give two characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Write the expression for velocity
of electromagnetic waves in terms of permittivity and permeability of the medium.
 RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

1 In the figure given below, light rays of blue, green, red wavelength are
incident on an isosceles right-angle prism. Explain with reason. Which rays of
light will be transmitted through the face AC. The refractive index of the
prism for red, green, blue light are 1.39, 1.424, 1.476 respectively
A

B C
2 Draw a neat labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in normal
adjustment. Explain briefly its working. Derive the expression for its
magnifying power
3 Draw a labelled ray diagram of a compound microscope and derive the
expression for its magnifying power.
4 Derive lens maker’s formula
5 For refraction at a spherical surface derive the relation
n2 n1 n2 −n1
− =
v u R
6 (a) A ray PQ of light is incident on the face AB of a glass prism ABC and
emerges out of the face AC.Trace the path of ray. Show that
/i +/e =/A + /δ
Where δ and e denote the angle of deviation and angle of emergence
respectively.

i
P Q

B C
 Plot a graph showing the variation of angle of deviation as a function of angle
of incidence. State the condition under which /δ is minimum.
(b) Find out the relation between the refractive index (μ) of the glass and /A
for the case when the angle of prism (A) is equal to the angle of minimum
deviation. Hence obtain the value of the refractive index for angle of prism A
= 60o
7 For the same value of angle incidence, the angles of refractive in three media
A, B and C are 15o, 25o and 35o respectively. In which medium would the
velocity of light be minimum?
8 You are given three lenses L 1, L2 and L3 each of focal length 15 cm. An object is
kept at 20 cm in front of L 1 , as shown. The final image is formed at the focus
‘I’ of L3. Find the separations between L1, L2 and L3.

L1 L2 L3

I
20 cm
15 cm

9
(a) Write the necessary conditions for the phenomenon of total internal
reflection to occur.
(b)Write the relation between the refractive index and critical angle for a
given pair of optical media.
1 Draw ray diagram to bend a beam of light through a prism by 90 0 and 1800
0
1 A convex lens lens made up of glass of refractive index 1.5 is dipped, in turn,
1 in
(i) a medium of refractive index 1.65,
(ii) a medium of refractive index 1.33.
Will it behave as a converging or a diverging lens in the two cases?
How will its focal length change in the two media?
1 A convex lens of refractive index 1.5 has a focal length of 18 cm in air.
2 Calculate the change in its focal length when it is immersed in water of
 refractive index 4/3.
1 Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a convex lens ,
3 hence prove the lens formula.
1 A compound microscope uses an objective lens of focal length 4 cm
4 an eyepiece lens of focal length 10 cm. an object is placed at 6 cm
from the objective lens. Calculate the magnifying power of the
compound microscope. Also calculate the length of the microscope
\

WAVE OPTICS
1 Compare and contrast the pattern which is seen with two coherently, illuminated narrow
slits in Young’s experiment with that seen from coherently illuminated single slit producing
diffraction.
2 Use Huygens` principle to show how a plane wave front propagates from a denser to rarer
medium.
Hence verify snell`s law of refraction.
Verify the law of reflection
3 State the condition under which the phenomenon of diffraction of light takes place. Derive
the expression for the width of the central maximum due to diffraction of light at a single
slit.
A slit if width ‘a’ is illuminated by a monochromatic light of wavelength 700 nm at normal
incidence. Calculate the value of ‘a’ for position of
a) First minimum at an angle of diffraction of 30o.
b) First maximum at an angle of diffraction of 30o.
4 State the importance of coherent sources in the phenomenon of interference.
In Young’s double slit experiment to produce interference pattern, obtain the conditions
for constructive and destructive interference. Hence deduced the expression for the fringe
width. How does the fringe width get affected, if the entire experimental apparatus of
Young is immersed in water?
5 The ratio of the intensities at minima to the maxima in the Young’s double slit experiment
is 9:25. Find the ratio of the widths of the two slits.
6 Consider two coherent sources S1 and S2 producing monochromatic waves to produce
interference pattern. Let the displacement of the wave produced by S 1 be given by Y1 = a
cosωt and the displacement by S2 be Y2 = a cos (ωt+ϕ).
Find out the expression for the amplitude of the resultant displacement at a point and
show that intensity at that point will be
I =4a2cos2ϕ/2.

7 What is the effect on the interference fringes in Young’s double slit experiment when
(i) the entire experimental apparatus of Young is immersed in water?
 (ii) The wavelength of light is increased?
(iii) Separation between the two slits decreased?
(iv) Monochromatic light is replaced by white light?
(v) Distance of the screen is increased?

8 In Young’s double slit experiment, the two slits 0.15 mm apart are illuminated by
monochromatic light of wavelength 450 nm. The screen is 0.1 m away from the slits.
(a) Find the distance of the second (i) bright fringe, (ii) dark fringe
from the central maximum.

CHAPTER -11 DUAL NATURES OF RADIATION AND MATTER

1 An electron, an alpha-particle and a proton have the same kinetic energy. Which one of
these particles has the largest de-Broglie wave length? (1)
2 Define the terms threshold frequency and stopping potential in relation to
the phenomenon of photoelectric effect. How is the photoelectric current
affected on increasing the (i) frequency (ii) intensity of the incident radiations
and why? (3)

3 The graph shows variation of stopping potential V0 versus frequency of incident radiation v
for two photosensitive metals A and B. Which of the two metals has higher threshold
frequency and why?(1)

4 A proton and an electron have same kinetic energy. Which one has greater de-Broglie
wavelength and why?(1)
5 The maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron is 3eV.What is its stopping potential?(1)
6 An α-particle and a proton are accelerated from rest by the same potential. Find the ratio
of their de-Broglie wavelengths.(2)
7 The work function of caesium metal is 2.14 eV. When light offrequency 6
×1014Hz is incident on the metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs.
What is the(a) maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons?
8 The work function for a certain metal is 4.2 eV. Will this metal give
photoelectric emission for incident radiation of wavelength 330 nm?
9 Set up Einstein’s photoelectric equation using the photon picture of electromagnetic
radiation. Explain briefly how this equation accounts for all the observations in the
photoelectric effect.(3)

CHAPTER -12(ATOM)

1 The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is – 13.6 eV. What are the kinetic
and potential energies of electron in this state?(2)
2 Using Bohr’s postulates of the atomic model, derive the expression for radius
of n th electron orbit. Hence obtain the expression for Bohr’s radius. (2)
3 (a) Using de Broglie’s hypothesis, explain with the help of a suitable diagram,
Bohr’s second postulate of quantization of energy levels in a hydrogen atom.
(b) The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV.
4 Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their
separation. What is the significance of negative potential energy in the graph
drawn?
5 Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1 : 8. What is the ratio of their
nuclear radii?
6 Why is the mass of a nucleus always less than the sum of the masses of its
constituents, neutrons and protons? If the total number of neutrons and
protons in a nuclear reaction is conserved, how then is the energy absorbed
or evolved in a reaction? Explain.(
7 Using Bohr’s postulates, derive the expression for the frequency of radiation
emitted when electron in hydrogen atom undergoes transition from higher
energy state (quantum number ni ) to the lower state, (nf ). When electron in
hydrogen atom jumps from energy state ni =4 to nf =3, 2,1, identify the
spectral series to which the emission lines belong.(5)(2013)
8 Write the limitations of Rutherford model.

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, devices

1 (i) With the help of circuit diagrams distinguish between forward biasing and reverse
biasing of a p-n junction diode.
(ii) Draw V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode in (a) forward bias, (b) reverse bias.
2 Draw a circuit diagram of a full-wave/half wave rectifier. Explain its working principle.
Draw the input/output wave-forms indicating clearly the functions of the two diodes
used.
3 Explain, with the help of suitable diagram, the two important processes that occur during
the formation of p-n junction. Hence define the terms : depletion region and barrier
potential.
4 (a) How is photodiode fabricated?
(b) Briefly explain its working. Draw its V–I characteristics for two
different intensities of illumination.
5 Solar cell- circuit and working
6 LED- circuit and working
7 Distinction between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductor
8 Distinction between n-type and p-type semiconductors
9 What are energy bands? How are these formed? Distinguish between a conductor, an insulator and a
semiconductor on the basis of energy band diagram. OR
1 Draw energy band diagrams of an n-type and p-type semiconductor at temperature T > 0 K. Mark
the donor and acceptor energy levels with their energies.OR
0
1 Distinguish between a metal and an insulator on the basis of energy band diagrams.
1