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    Ahmed Mostafa
    The document contains calculations to estimate solar radiation values for different locations and times. It estimates the rate of energy emitted by the sun, the fraction intercepted by Earth, and calculates the solar constant. It also calculates angles of incidence and day length for various latitudes and dates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    1

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Mostafa
    27 views6 pages
    The document contains calculations to estimate solar radiation values for different locations and times. It estimates the rate of energy emitted by the sun, the fraction intercepted by Earth, and calculates the solar constant. It also calculates angles of incidence and day length for various latitudes and dates.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document contains calculations to estimate solar radiation values for different locations and times. It estimates the rate of energy emitted by the sun, the fraction intercepted by Earth, and calculates the solar constant. It also calculates angles of incidence and day length for various latitudes and dates.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views6 pages

    1

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Mostafa
    The document contains calculations to estimate solar radiation values for different locations and times. It estimates the rate of energy emitted by the sun, the fraction intercepted by Earth, and calculates the solar constant. It also calculates angles of incidence and day length for various latitudes and dates.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    1.

    1 From the diameter and effective surface temperature of the sun, estimate the rate
    at which it emits energy. What fraction of this emitted energy is intercepted
    by the earth? Estimate the solar constant, given the mean earth-sun distance.
    Solution
    Knowns:

    Calculating the emitted solar energy

    Calculating the fraction intercepted by the earth

    Estimating solar constant

    1
    1.2 -sun distance is 0.72
    times the mean earth-sun distance. Assume the sun to be a blackbody emitter at 5777
    K.
    Knowns:
    -8
    TSun = 5777 K
    Dsun = 1.39 * 109 m Dearth = 1.27 * 107 m
    11
    R Sun-earth = 1.495 × 10 m R Sun-venus = 0.72*1.495 × 1011 m
    Solution:
    Calculating
    = = 6.070 × 1018 m2
    =
    = 5.67*10 *6.070 × 1018*5777 = 3.833 × 1026 w
    -8 4

    Calculating fraction intercepted by the earth


    fraction intercepted by the earth=

    earth projected area =A earth.projected= = = 1.266*1014 m2


    lateral area of a sphere of with 1 astronomical unit radius =
    A1au = = =2.809 × 1023
    10
    = 4.510 × 10

    Calculating solar constant of earth


    Solar Constant =SC= =
    10
    4.510 × 10 = 1365 W/m2
    Calculating solar constant of Venus
    Solar Constant of Venus will be inversely proportional to the square of the distance
    from sun:
    Solar Constant venus = = 2637 W/m2

    2
    1.3 What fraction of the extraterrestrial radiation is at wavelengths below ? ?
    What fraction is included in the wavelength range to ?
    Equations
    From Table 1.3.1

    Therefore, the fraction between and is:

    Solution

    3
    1.5 Calculate the angle of incidence of the beam solar radiation at 1400 (2 PM) solar time
    on February 10 at latitude on surfaces of the following orientations:

    a) Horizontal
    b) Sloped to south at
    c) Slope of , facing west of south
    d) Vertical, facing south
    e) Vertical, facing west

    Equations:

    Declination Angle :

    N is days number

    Angle of Incidence :

    Hour Angle (

    All data and results are in the Parametric Table

    Lat Hour Angle Surface Azimuth Slope Dec


    Run
    1 41 30 0 0
    2 41 30 0 60
    3 41 30 40 60
    4 41 30 0 90
    5 41 30 90 90

    4
    1.6
    a) When it is 2 p.m. Mountain Standard Time (MST) on February 3 in North Platte, NE (
    = 101 W, = 41.1 N), what is the solar time?
    b) When it is 2 p.m. MST in Boise, ID ( = 116 W, = 43.6 N) on February 3, what is the
    solar time?
    c) What Eastern Daylight Time corresponds to solar noon on July 31 for Portland, ME (
    = 70.5 W, = 43.7 N)?
    d) What Central Daylight Time corresponds to 10:00 a.m. on July 31 for Iron Mountain,
    MI ( = 90 W, = 45.8 N)?
    Where:

    90 . (deg)
    : the standard meridian for the local time zone. (deg)
    : is the longitude of the location in question, and longitudes are in degrees west, that is,
    0 < < 360 . (deg)
    : the equation of time. (min)

    : is from Equation 1.4.2.(deg)

    No. mon. day n B E Solar Stand. Daylight


    a 2 3 34 32.55 101 105 -13.49 14:02:31 14:00:00 15:00:00
    b 2 3 34 32.55 116 105 -13.49 13:02:31 14:00:00 15:00:00
    c 7 31 212 208.1 70.5 75 -6.549 12:00:00 11:48:33 12:48:33
    d 7 31 212 208.1 90 90 -6.549 10:00:00 10:06:33 11:06:33

    5
    1.7 Determine the sunset hour angle and day length for Madison and for Miami for the
    following dates: a January 1, b March 22, c July 1, d mean day of February.
    Equations:
    Declination Angle :

    N is days number

    Sunset hour angle:

    Where: is the latitude angle


    Day length:

    Run Month Day n (deg) (deg) Day Sunset


    Length hour
    (h) angle
    (h)
    1 1 1 1 22.5 -23.01 10:38 79.9
    2 3 22 81 22.5 0 12:00 90
    3 7 1 182 22.5 23.12 13:21 100.2
    4 3 16 75 22.5 -2.42 11:51 89
    5 1 1 1 43.3 -23.01 8:51 66.4
    6 3 22 81 43.3 0 12:00 90
    7 7 1 182 43.3 23.12 15:09 113.7
    8 3 16 75 43.3 -2.42 11:41 87.7

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