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Biostatistics Notes

This document discusses various types of epidemiological studies including observational studies like cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies. It also covers experimental studies like randomized controlled trials and discusses key concepts like randomization, blinding, intention-to-treat analysis, and hazards ratios. Finally, it summarizes various types of biases that can affect epidemiological studies like selection bias, information bias, and publication bias.

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Lau Vincent
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331 views43 pages

Biostatistics Notes

This document discusses various types of epidemiological studies including observational studies like cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies. It also covers experimental studies like randomized controlled trials and discusses key concepts like randomization, blinding, intention-to-treat analysis, and hazards ratios. Finally, it summarizes various types of biases that can affect epidemiological studies like selection bias, information bias, and publication bias.

Uploaded by

Lau Vincent
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biostatistics

Observational studies

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Cross-sectional study

- Prevalence

Case-Control study

- Odds ratio

NB
Nested case-control

Outbreaks

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Cohort study
- Prospective cohort

- Retrospective cohort

- Incidence /Relative Risk

Unusual risk factor

Ecological study

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Postmarketing survellience

NB

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Randomization

Intention to treat (better)

Per-protocol (worse)

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Blinding

Cross over design

Hazards ratio

Natural history of the disease

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Non inferiority trials

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Evaluation of diagnostic tests

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Prevalnce & PPV/NPV

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Screening test (Highest sensitivity)

Confirmatory test (Highest specificity)

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Dose response relation

Rare disease assumption

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Attributable risk percent (ARP)

Population attributable risk percent (PARP)

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Calculated risk

Standardized incidence ratio

Standardized mortality ratio

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Generalizability

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Reporting bias

Surveillance bias

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Information bias

Sample distortion bias

Respondent bias

Selective survival bias

Neyman bias

Ascertainment bias

Publication bias

Contamination bias

Verification bias

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Selection bias

Non respondent bias

Sampling bias

Berkson bias

Attrition bias

Allocation bias

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Hawthorne effect

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NB

Sample size

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Heterogenecity

Publication bias

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Survival analysis

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Kaplan-Meier method

Time-to-event

Hazards ratio

Latency Period

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Mortality prediction curve

QALYs & DALYs

QALY = Age at full health + (Years of disability x Time-trade-off)


Time-trade-off = Years in full health equivalent to Years in disability

DALY = Years of Life Lost (YLL) + Years Lived with Disability (YLD)

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