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Methods of Obtaining Contours

The document describes several methods for obtaining contours from elevation data: 1. Estimation method is suitable for small-scale maps and produces reasonable results when done carefully. It involves visualizing changes in slope to draw contours. 2. Rubber band method stretches a rubber band between two plotted points at elevations marked on the band to locate contours. 3. Analytical method uses trigonometry and similar triangles to calculate contour positions based on known elevation points. 4. Template methods like triangle and scale or converging lines are used with stencils to interpolate contours between two plotted points of known elevation.

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34 views20 pages

Methods of Obtaining Contours

The document describes several methods for obtaining contours from elevation data: 1. Estimation method is suitable for small-scale maps and produces reasonable results when done carefully. It involves visualizing changes in slope to draw contours. 2. Rubber band method stretches a rubber band between two plotted points at elevations marked on the band to locate contours. 3. Analytical method uses trigonometry and similar triangles to calculate contour positions based on known elevation points. 4. Template methods like triangle and scale or converging lines are used with stencils to interpolate contours between two plotted points of known elevation.

Uploaded by

nd cudiaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Methods of

obtaining
contours

CE 221 ‐ Higher Surveying


By estimation
• Suitable for small scale maps
p where the gground
form is not too irregular
• The process is fast and produce reasonable
results when done carefully
• Steps:
– Make a careful study of the position of the contour
points and try to visualize the changes in slope of the
terrain
– Draw the contours which appear to be most definitely
located by the plotted points; index contours are
usually drawn first which will act as guides for the
intermediate contours
Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 3
Rubber band method

The rubber band should have sufficient width so that


graduations at equal intervals can be marked on it to form some
kind of an elastic scale. Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 4
Rubber band method

The rubber band is stretched between two p plotted p


points so that
these points fall at scale divisions corresponding to their
elevations Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 5
Variable scales

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 6


Analytical method

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 7


Analytical method
• By similar triangles:
hm H
=
de DE
Where:
A & B are established points on the
ground of known elevation
M is a p
point on a contour crossingg
the line between A and B
hm is the horizontal map distance
from A to M (cm)
de is the difference in elevation
between M and A (m)
DE is the difference in elevation
between A and B (m)
H is the horizontal map distance
between A and B (cm)
Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 8
Triangle and scale method

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 9


Triangle and scale method

Elev = 296.9m

El = 245.5m
Elev 245 5

Given:
Gi
Elevation of point “a” = 245.5 m
Elevation of point “b”
b = 296.9
296 9 m
Contour Interval = 20.0 m
Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 10
Triangle and scale method

Elev = 296.9m

El = 245.5m
Elev 245 5

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 11


Triangle and scale method

Elev = 296.9m

El = 245.5m
Elev 245 5

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 12


Triangle and scale method

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 13


Template method

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 14


Template method

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 15


Template method
• Sample problem

It is
i ddesired
i d to iinterpolate
l b
between points
i X and d
Y the position of the following contours: 161,
162 163,
162, 163 164 and d 165.
165 The
Th elevation
l i off X and
d
Y are respectively 160.9 m and 165.4 m.

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 16


Template method
Y (Elev = 165.4
165 4 m)
5.4
165 m

164 m

163 m

162 m

161 m
0.9
X (Elev = 160.9 m)

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 17


Template method
• Sample Problem

Assume two plotted


l d ponts A andd B have
h
elevations of 117.5 m and 125.8 m,
respectively.
i l ItI iis required
i d to locate
l contours
120 and 125 using a template of converging
lilines.

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 18


Template method

A (Elev = 117.5 m)

B (Elev = 125.8 m)

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 19


Template method

A (Elev = 117.5 m)

0
1
2
3 B (Elev = 125.8 m)
4
5
6
7
8

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 20


Template method

A (Elev = 117.5 m)

0
1
2
3 B (Elev = 125.8 m)
4
5
6
7
8

Prepared by: Andre‐Paul C. Ampong 21

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