Sheet 1

1- An office worker claims that a cup of cold coffee on his table warmed
up to 80°C by picking up energy from the surrounding air, which is at
25°C. Is there any truth to his claim? Does this process violate any
thermodynamic laws?
2- A 3-kg plastic tank that has a volume of 0.2 m3 is filled with liquid
water. Assuming the density of water is 1000 kg/m3, determine the
weight of the combined system.
3- The value of the gravitational acceleration g decreases with elevation
from 9.807 m/s2 at sea level to 9.767 m/s2at an altitude of 13,000 m,
where large passenger planes cruise. Determine the percent reduction in
the weight of an airplane cruising at 13,000 m relative to its weight at
sea level.
4- A large fraction of the thermal energy
generated in the engine of a car is rejected
to the air by the radiator through the
circulating water. Should the radiator be
analyzed as a closed system or as an open
system? Explain.

5- A can of soft drink at room temperature is put into the refrigerator so

that it will cool. Would you model the can of soft drink as a closed
system or as an open system? Explain.
6- For a system to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, do the temperature
and the pressure have to be the same everywhere?
7- Define the isothermal, isobaric, and isochoric.
8- Someone claims that the absolute pressure in a liquid of constant density
doubles when the depth is doubled. Do you agree? Explain.
9- Consider two identical fans, one at sea level and the other on top of a
high mountain, running at identical speeds. How would you compare (a)
the volume flow rates and (b) the mass flow rates of these two fans?
10- A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 35 kPa at a location
where the atmospheric pressure is 92 kPa. Determine the absolute
pressure in the chamber.
11- A manometer is used to measure the air pressure in a tank. The fluid
used has a specific gravity of 1.25, and the differential height between

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 the two arms of the manometer is 28 in. If the local atmospheric
pressure is 12.7 psia, determine the absolute pressure in the tank for the
cases of the manometer arm with the (a) higher and (b) lower fluid level
being attached to the tank.
12- Consider an alcohol and a mercury thermometer that read exactly 0°C at
the ice point and 100°C at the steam point. The distance between the
two points is divided into 100 equal parts in both thermometers. Do you
think these thermometers will give exactly the same reading at a
temperature of, say, 60°C? Explain.
13- Consider two closed systems A and B. System A contains 3000 kJ of
thermal energy at 20°C, whereas system B contains 200 kJ of thermal
energy at 50°C. Now the systems are brought into contact with each
other. Determine the direction of any heat transfer between the two
systems.
14- Determine the atmospheric pressure at a location where the barometric
reading is 750 mm Hg. Take the density of mercury to be 13,600 kg/m3.
15- The absolute pressure in water at a depth of 5 m is read to be 145 kPa.
Determine (a) the local atmospheric pressure, and (b) the absolute
pressure at a depth of 5 m in a liquid whose specific gravity is 0.85 at
the same location.
16- A vacuum gage connected to a tank reads 15 kPa at a location where the
barometric reading is 750 mm Hg. Determine the absolute pressure in
the tank. Take ρHg= 13,590 kg/m3.
17- Determine the pressure exerted on a diver at 30 m below the free surface
of the sea. Assume a barometric pressure of 101 kPa and a specific
gravity of 1.03 for sea water. Answer: 404.0 kPa
18- A gas is contained in a vertical, frictionless
piston–cylinder device. The piston has a
mass of 4 kg and a cross-sectional area of 35
cm2. A compressed spring above the piston
exerts a force of 60 N on the piston. If the
atmospheric pressure is 95 kPa, determine
the pressure inside the cylinder. Answer: 123.4
kPa

19- Both a gage and a manometer are attached

to a gas tank to measure its pressure. If the
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 reading on the pressure gage is 80 kPa, determine the distance between
the two fluid levels of the manometer if the fluid is (a) mercury (ρ =
13,600 kg/m3) or (b) water (ρ=1000 kg/m3).

20- A pressure cooker cooks a lot faster than an

ordinary pan by maintaining a higher pressure
and temperature inside. The lid of a pressure
cooker is well sealed, and steam can escape
only through an opening in the middle of the
lid. A separate metal piece, the petcock, sits on
top of this opening and prevents steam from
escaping until the pressure force overcomes
the weight of the petcock. The periodic escape
of the steam in this manner prevents any potentially dangerous pressure
buildup and keeps the pressure inside at a constant value. Determine the
mass of the petcock of a pressure cooker whose operation pressure is
100 kPa gage and has an opening cross-sectional area of 4 mm2.
Assume an atmospheric pressure of 101 kPa, and draw the free-body
diagram of the petcock. Answer: 40.8 g.
21- Consider a fish swimming 5 m below the free surface of water. The
increase in the pressure exerted on the fish when it dives to a depth of
45 m below the free surface is

(a)392 Pa (b) 9800 Pa (c) 50,000 Pa (d) 392,000 Pa (e) 441,000 Pa

22- The atmospheric pressures at the top and the bottom of a building are
read by a barometer to be 96.0 and 98.0 kPa. If the density of air is 1.0
kg/m3, the height of the building is.
(a) 17 m (b) 20 m (c) 170 m (d) 204 m (e) 252 m
23- An apple loses 4.5 kJ of heat as it cools per °C drop in its temperature.
The amount of heat loss from the apple per °F drop in its temperature is
(a) 1.25 kJ (b) 2.50 kJ (c) 5.0 kJ (d) 8.1 kJ (e) 4.1 kJ
24- Consider a 2-m deep swimming pool. The pressure difference between
the top and bottom of the pool is
(a) 12.0 kPa (b) 19.6 kPa (c) 38.1 kPa (d) 50.8 kPa (e) 200 kPa

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 25- At sea level, the weight of 1 kg mass in SI units is 9.81 N. The weight of
1 lbm mass in English units is
(a) 1 lbf (b) 9.81 lbf (c) 32.2 lbf (d) 0.1 lbf (e) 0.031 lbf
26- During a heating process, the temperature of an object rises by 20°C.
This temperature rise is equivalent to a temperature rise of
(a) 20°F (b) 52°F(c) 36 K (d) 36 R (e) 293 K
27- The inner and outer surfaces of a 5m x6m brick
wallof thickness 30 cm and thermal
conductivity 0.69 W/m · °C are maintained at
temperatures of 20°C and 5°C, respectively.
Determine the rate of heat transfer through the
wall, in W.

29-The inner and outer surfaces of a 0.5cm thick 2m x 2m window glass in

winter are 10°C and 3°C, respectively. If the thermal conductivity of
the glass is 0.78 W/m · °C, determine the amount of heat loss, in kJ,
through the glass over a period of 5 h. What would your answer be if
the glass were 1cm thick?
30- An aluminum pan whose thermal conductivity is237 W/m · °C has a flat
bottom whose diameter is 20 cm and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is
transferred steadily to boiling water in the pan through its bottom at a
rate of 500 W. If the inner surface of the bottom of the pan is 105°C,
determine the temperature of the outer surface of the bottom of the pan.
31-For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can bemodeled as a 30-cm
diameter, 170-cm long vertical cylinder with both the top and bottom
surfaces insulated and with the side surface at an average temperature of
34°C. For a convection heat transfer coefficient of 15 W/m2· °C,
determine the rate of heat loss from this man by convection in an
environment at 20°C. Answer: 336 W
32- Hot air at 80°C is blown over a 2m x4m flat surfaceat 30°C. If the
convection heat transfer coefficient is 55 W/m2 · °C, determine the rate
of heat transfer from the air to the plate, in kW.
33- A 1000-W iron is left on the ironing board with itsbase exposed to the air
at 20°C. The convection heat transfer coefficient between the base
surface and the surrounding air is 35 W/m2 · °C. If the base has an
emissivity of 0.6 and a surface area of 0.02 m2, determine the
temperature of the base of the iron.

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34- A thin metal plate is insulated on the back
andexposed to solar radiation on the front
surface. The exposed surface of the plate has
an absorptivity of 0.6 for solar radiation. If
solar radiation is incident on the plate at a rate
of700 W/m2and the surrounding air
temperature is 25°C, determine the surface
temperature of the plate when the heat loss by
convection equals the solar energy absorbed
by the plate. Assume the convection heat
transfer coefficient to be 50 W/m2· °C, and
disregard heat loss by radiation.

35-Two surfaces of a 2cm-thick plate are maintained at0°C and 100°C,

respectively. If it is determined that heat is transferred through the plate
at a rate of 500 W/m2, determine its thermal conductivity.
36-Choose the Correct Answer :
1. A definite area or space where some thermodynamic process takes
place is known as
(a) thermodynamic system (b) thermodynamic cycle
(c) thermodynamic process (d) thermodynamic law.

2. An open system is one in which

(a) heat and work cross the boundary of the system, but the mass of the
working substance does not
(b) mass of working substance crosses the boundary of the system but the heat
and work do not
(c) both the heat and work as well as mass of the working substances cross the
boundary of the system
(d) neither the heat and work nor the mass of the working substances cross the
boundary of the system.

3. An isolated system
(a) is a specified region where transfer of energy and/or mass take place
(b) is a region of constant mass and only energy is allowed to cross the
boundaries
(c) cannot transfer either energy or mass to or from the surroundings
(d) is one in which mass within the system is not necessarily constant
(e) none of the above.

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4. In an extensive property of a thermodynamic system
(a) extensive heat is transferred (b) extensive work is done
(c) extensive energy is utilized (d) all of the above
(e) none of the above.

5. Which of the following is an intensive property of a thermodynamic

system ?
(a) Volume (b) Temperature
(c) Mass (d) Energy.

6. Which of the following is the extensive property of a thermodynamic

system ?
(a) Pressure (b) Volume
(c) Temperature (d) Density.

7. When two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body they
are also in thermal equilibrium with
each other. This statement is called
(a) Zeroth law of thermodynamics (b) First law of thermodynamics
(c) Second law of thermodynamics (d) Kelvin Planck’s law.

8. The temperature at which the volume of a gas becomes zero is called

(a) absolute scale of temperature (b) absolute zero temperature
(c) absolute temperature (d) none of the above.

9. The value of one bar (in SI units) is equal to

(a) 100 N/m2 (b) 1000 N/m2
2
(c) 1 × 104 N/m (d) 1 × 105 N/m2
(e) 1 × 106 N/m2.

10. The absolute zero pressure will be

(a) when molecular momentum of the system becomes zero
(b) at sea level (c) at the temperature of – 273 K
(d) under vacuum conditions (e) at the centre of the earth.
11. Absolute zero temperature is taken as
(a) – 273°C (b) 273°C
(c) 237°C (d) – 373°C.

12. The unit of energy in SI units is

(a) Joule (J) (b) Joule metre (Jm)
(c) Watt (W) (d) Joule/metre (J/m).

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13. One watt is equal to
(a) 1 Nm/s (b) 1 N/min
(c) 10 N/s (d) 100 Nm/s
(e) 100 Nm/m.
14. One joule (J) is equal to
(a) 1 Nm (b) kNm
(d) 10 Nm/s (d) 10 kNm/s.
15. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of
water through 1°C is called
(a) specific heat at constant volume (b) specific heat at constant
pressure
(c) kilo calorie (d) none of the above.

16. The heating and expanding of a gas is called

(a) thermodynamic system (b) thermodynamic cycle
(c) thermodynamic process (d) thermodynamic law

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