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    Lab 10 (Open Ended Lab) Solved

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    Eaman Safdar
    The document describes an open-ended lab assignment for a Signals and Systems course. Students are tasked with implementing and analyzing an amplitude modulation transmitter and receiver system using MATLAB. The document provides background on amplitude modulation and the basic blocks of an AM transmission system. It then lists 6 tasks for students to complete, which include generating and analyzing message, carrier, and modulated signals in both time and frequency domains, as well as demodulating the signal to retrieve the original message. Code snippets and plots are provided as examples for the tasks.

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    Lab 10 (Open Ended Lab) Solved

    Uploaded by

    Eaman Safdar
    40 views13 pages
    The document describes an open-ended lab assignment for a Signals and Systems course. Students are tasked with implementing and analyzing an amplitude modulation transmitter and receiver system using MATLAB. The document provides background on amplitude modulation and the basic blocks of an AM transmission system. It then lists 6 tasks for students to complete, which include generating and analyzing message, carrier, and modulated signals in both time and frequency domains, as well as demodulating the signal to retrieve the original message. Code snippets and plots are provided as examples for the tasks.

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    The document describes an open-ended lab assignment for a Signals and Systems course. Students are tasked with implementing and analyzing an amplitude modulation transmitter and receiver system using MATLAB. The document provides background on amplitude modulation and the basic blocks of an AM transmission system. It then lists 6 tasks for students to complete, which include generating and analyzing message, carrier, and modulated signals in both time and frequency domains, as well as demodulating the signal to retrieve the original message. Code snippets and plots are provided as examples for the tasks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views13 pages

    Lab 10 (Open Ended Lab) Solved

    Uploaded by

    Eaman Safdar
    The document describes an open-ended lab assignment for a Signals and Systems course. Students are tasked with implementing and analyzing an amplitude modulation transmitter and receiver system using MATLAB. The document provides background on amplitude modulation and the basic blocks of an AM transmission system. It then lists 6 tasks for students to complete, which include generating and analyzing message, carrier, and modulated signals in both time and frequency domains, as well as demodulating the signal to retrieve the original message. Code snippets and plots are provided as examples for the tasks.

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    You are on page 1of 13

    Department of Electrical Engineering

    EE-232 Signals and Systems


    Faculty Member: Sir Qazi Waqas Dated: 23rd November,2023

    Section: B Semester: 5th Semester

    EE-232 Signals and Systems

    Lab 10: Implementation and Analysis of Amplitude Modulation Transmitter and


    Receiver System

    Open Ended Lab

    PLO5/ PLO8/ PLO9/ CLO5


    CLO3 CLO4

    Modern Ethics and Individual


    Tool Usage Safety and Team
    Reg. No Work
    Name

    15 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks

    Muhammad Ahmad Nazir 370307

    Zunaira Aziz 367583

    Eaman Safdar 388110

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 1


    1. Administrivia

    1.1. Open Ended Lab


    An open-ended lab is where students are given the freedom to develop their own
    solution, instead of merely following the already set guidelines from a lab manual or
    elsewhere. The teacher gives the students an objective/purpose and not the procedure.
    The students would then have to come up with their own solution to fulfill the purpose.

    1.2. Learning Outcomes


    By the end of this lab you will be able to:

     Understand the operations carried out in the Amplitude modulation and


    understand their applications
     Apply the concepts on real world signals and systems

    1.3. Deliverable
    You are required to submit

     Code
     Observation and experiences
    In the beginning of next lab.

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 2


    2. Amplitude Modulation (AM)
    Amplitude modulation or AM as it is often called, is a form of modulation used for radio
    transmissions for broadcasting and two way radio communication applications. Although
    it is one of the earliest used forms of modulation, it is still used today, mainly for long,
    medium and short wave broadcasting. Currently, this technique is used in many areas of
    communication such as in portable two-way radios; citizens band radio, VHF aircraft radio
    and in modems for computers. Amplitude modulation is also used to mention the
    mediumwave AM radio broadcasting.

    Figure 1: Amplitude Modulation

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 3


    According to the standard definition, “The amplitude of the carrier signal varies in
    accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal.” Which means,
    the amplitude of the carrier signal containing no information varies as per the amplitude
    of the signal containing information, at each instant. This can be well explained by the
    figure 1.

    The first figure shows the modulating wave, which is the message signal. The next one is
    the carrier wave, which is a high frequency signal and contains no information. While the
    last one is the resultant modulated wave. It can be observed that the positive and
    negative peaks of the carrier wave, are interconnected with an imaginary line. This line
    helps recreating the exact shape of the modulating signal. This imaginary line on the
    carrier wave is called as Envelope. It is the same as that of the message signal.

    The implementation of the AM transmitter and receiver system is fairly simple as seen
    in the diagram shown below:

    Figure 2: The block diagram of the AM Transmitter-Receiver.

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 4


    LAB TASKS

    1. Generate a message signal m(t) as a sum of two sinusoidal. Let it be your message
    signal. Plot and analyze both the time domain and frequency domain plots.
    Code:

    % Initial parameters
    Fs = 1000;
    T = 1/(1+Fs);
    t = 0:T:1;

    % Message signal generation


    A = 2;
    B = 3;

    f1 = 100;
    f2 = 200;

    Message = A * sin(2 * pi* f1 * t) + B * sin(2 * pi* f2 * t);

    % Plot the time domain representation


    figure;
    subplot(2,1,1);
    plot(t, Message);
    title('Message Signal - Time Domain');
    xlabel('Time (s)');
    ylabel('Amplitude');

    % Plot the frequency domain representation


    subplot(2,1,2);
    Message_f = fft(Message);
    frequencies = linspace(0, Fs, length(Message_f));
    plot(frequencies, abs(Message_f));
    title('Message Signal - Frequency Domain');
    xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
    ylabel('Magnitude');

    Screenshot:

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 5


    Explanation:
    This MATLAB code generates and plots a message signal in both the time and frequency domains.

    2. Generate a cosine of 1000Hz and call it you carrier signal. Plot and analyze both
    the time domain and the frequency domain plots.
    Code:
    % Carrier Signal
    C = 1;
    carrier = C * cos(2 * pi * Fs * t);

    % Plot the time domain representation


    figure;
    subplot(2,1,1);
    plot(t, carrier);
    title('Carrier Signal - Time Domain');
    xlabel('Time (s)');
    ylabel('Amplitude');

    % Plot the frequency domain representation


    subplot(2,1,2);
    carrier_f = fft(carrier);
    frequencies = linspace(0, Fs, length(carrier_f));
    plot(frequencies, abs(carrier_f));
    title('Carrier Signal - Frequency Domain');
    xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
    ylabel('Magnitude');

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 6


    Screenshot:

    Explanation:
    This MATLAB code generates and plots a message signal in both the time and frequency domains.

    3. Now generate the signal that we will receive at the end of the transmitter
    system. Plot and analyze both the time and the frequency plots. This signal is the
    Amplitude modulated signal, carefully examine these plots. Try identifying the
    how the amplitude of the amplitude modulated signal varies with time.
    Code:

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 7


    %Transmitted Signal

    Transmitted_Signal = Message .* carrier;

    % Plot the time domain representation


    figure;
    subplot(2,1,1);
    plot(t, Transmitted_Signal);
    title('Transmitted_Signal - Time Domain');
    xlabel('Time (s)');
    ylabel('Amplitude');

    % Plot the frequency domain representation


    subplot(2,1,2);
    Transmitted_Signal_f = fft(Transmitted_Signal);
    frequencies = linspace(0, Fs,
    length(Transmitted_Signal_f));
    plot(frequencies, abs(Transmitted_Signal_f));
    title('Transmitted_Signal - Frequency Domain');
    xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
    ylabel('Magnitude');

    Screenshot:

    Explanation:

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 8


    In this task, we modulate the message signal with a carrier signal. The modulation is
    performed by element-wise multiplication.

    4. Assuming we have a noise less channel we receive the signal generated in the
    previous part as the input to the receiver circuit. Generate the output signal by
    implementing the system given in the block diagram. Plot and analyze the output
    signal. A detailed answer is required focusing on what has actually happened
    here.
    Code:
    %Output Signal

    Output_Signal = Transmitted_Signal ./ carrier;

    % Plot the time domain representation


    figure;
    subplot(2,1,1);
    plot(t, Output_Signal);
    title('Output_Signal - Time Domain');
    xlabel('Time (s)');
    ylabel('Amplitude');

    % Plot the frequency domain representation


    subplot(2,1,2);
    Output_Signal_f = fft(Output_Signal);
    frequencies = linspace(0, Fs,
    length(Output_Signal_f));
    plot(frequencies, abs(Output_Signal_f));
    title('Output_Signal - Frequency Domain');
    xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
    ylabel('Magnitude');

    Screenshot:

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 9


    Explanation:
    In this task, we divide the transmitted signal by the carrier signal element-wise to obtain
    the output signal.

    5. If you would have noticed that the output signal in the previous part was
    supposed to be the message signal, but it is quite different. Can you identify what
    operation (in terms of filtering) we need to perform to retrieve our original
    message signal? Explain how you arrived at your answer.
    Explanation:
    To retrieve the original message signal from the output signal, we need to perform a filtering
    operation known as demodulation or detection. In the context of amplitude modulation (AM),
    the common demodulation technique is envelope detection.

    The steps involved in envelope detection are as follows:

    Rectification: Convert the modulated signal to its absolute value, effectively removing the
    negative half.

    Low-pass filtering: Apply a low-pass filter to smooth the signal and retain the envelope.

    6. Implement the Amplitude Modulation again with the given MATLAB built-in
    functions and compare the results with yours.

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 10


    Code:
    % Initial parameters
    Fs = 3000;
    Fc = 1000;
    % Message signal generation
    A = 2;
    B = 3;
    f1 = 100;
    f2 = 200;

    Message = A * sin(2 * pi* f1 * t) + B * sin(2 * pi* f2 * t);

    % Plot the time domain representation


    figure;
    subplot(2,1,1);
    plot(t, Message);
    title('Message Signal - Time Domain');
    xlabel('Time (s)');
    ylabel('Amplitude');

    % Plot the frequency domain representation


    subplot(2,1,2);
    message_f = fft(Message);
    frequencies = linspace(0, Fs, length(message_f));
    plot(frequencies, abs(message_f));
    title('Message Signal - Frequency Domain');
    xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
    ylabel('Magnitude');

    % Carrier Signal
    C = 1;
    carrier = C * cos(2 * pi *Fc * t);

    % Plot the time domain representation


    figure;
    subplot(2,1,1);
    plot(t, carrier);
    title('Carrier Signal - Time Domain');
    xlabel('Time (s)');
    ylabel('Amplitude');

    % Plot the frequency domain representation


    subplot(2,1,2);
    carrier_f = fft(carrier);
    frequencies = linspace(0, Fc, length(carrier_f));
    plot(frequencies, abs(carrier_f));
    title('Carrier Signal - Frequency Domain');
    xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
    ylabel('Magnitude');

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 11


    modulated_signal = ammod( Message , Fc , Fs );

    % Plot the time domain representation


    figure;
    subplot(2,1,1);
    plot(t, modulated_signal);
    title('modulated_signal - Time Domain');
    xlabel('Time (s)');
    ylabel('Amplitude');

    % Plot the frequency domain representation


    subplot(2,1,2);
    modulated_signal_f = fft(modulated_signal);
    frequencies = linspace(0, Fs,
    length(modulated_signal_f));
    plot(frequencies, abs(modulated_signal_f));
    title('modulated_signal - Frequency Domain');
    xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
    ylabel('Magnitude');

    Screenshot:

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 12


    Explanation:
    This code essentially demonstrates the AM modulation process using Matlab in-built function
    ‘ammod’, taking a message signal and modulating it onto a carrier signal. The time and
    frequency domain representations help visualize the modulated signal.

    Conclusion:
    In this Open Ended Lab, we were able to understand the operations carried out in
    the Amplitude modulation and understand their applications in real-world. It was
    a fun lab to do and we got to learn a lot.

    EE-232 Signals and Systems Page 13

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