Mega Project Report

ON

“Online Voting System Using Blockchain”

Submitted to
Government College of Engineering, Nagpur

in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
Computer Science & Engineering

Submitted By
1. Amruta Dodke
2. Jueli Ikhar
3. Kunal Madne
4. Pranshi Deodia
5. Radha Ingale
6. Vijaya Dongre
7. Yash Chauhan

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Chandrayani Rokde

Department of Computer Science &Engineering

Government College of Engineering
New Khapri, Nagpur-441108(M.S)
2020-2021

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 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

Certified that the project report entitled “Online Voting System Using Blockchain”

has been partially completed by Amruta Dodke, Jueli Ikhar, Kunal Madne, Pranshi

Deodia, Radha Ingale, Vijaya Dongre, Yash Chauhan under the guidance of Prof.

Chandrayani Rokde and it is submitted to Department of Computer Science &

Engineering.

Signature Signature

Dr.Latesh Bhagat Prof.Chandrayani Rokde

H.O.D, CSE Project Guide

Department of Computer Science &Engineering

Government College of Engineering
New Khapri, Nagpur-441108(M.S)
2020-2021

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 ABSTRACT

In any democratic country, Voting is a fundamental right of any citizen that enables
them to choose the leaders of tomorrow. It gives individuals in a community the facility
to voice their opinion. It helps them to realize the importance of citizenship. Online
voting systems are software platforms used to securely conduct votes and elections. As
a digital platform, they eliminate the need to cast your votes using paper or having to
gather in person. They also protect the integrity of your vote by preventing voters from
being able to vote multiple times.

Electronic voting or e-voting has fundamental benefits over paper based systems such
as increased efficiency and reduced errors. The electronic voting system tends to
maximize user participation, by allowing them to vote from anywhere and from any
device that has an internet connection. The blockchain is an emerging, decentralized,
and distributed technology with strong cryptographic foundations that promises to
improve different aspects of many industries. Expanding e-voting into blockchain
technology could be the solution to alleviate the present concerns in e-voting. Here we
propose a blockchain-based voting system that will limit the voting fraud and make the
voting process simple, secure and efficient.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page No.

1. ABSTRACT iii

2. INTRODUCTION 1

3. LITERATURE SURVEY 4

4. WORK DONE 6

5. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT 9

6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 17

7. LITERATURE CITED 18

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 List of Figure
Figure No. Title Page No.

Figure 3.1 User flow diagram 7

Figure 3.2 Admin flow diagram 8

Figure 3.3 Research Methodology 8

Figure 4.1 Homepage 10

Figure 4.2 Admin Login 10

Figure 4.3 Admin Dashboard 11

Figure 4.4 Add Candidate Page 11

Figure 4.5 Create Election Page 12

Figure 4.6 Candidate details 13

Figure 4.7 Election Details 13

Figure 4.8 User Sign Up 14

Figure 4.9 User Sign In 14

Figure 4.10 User Dashboard 15

Figure 4.11 Voter Registration Form 15

Figure 4.12 Vote Casting Page 16

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 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

India is a democratic country and has a democratic country. As now all Indian
citizen become a part of the growing digital India with a digital ID that is Aadhaar card.
Voting schemes have evolved from counting hands in early days to systems that include
paper, punch card and electronic voting machine.

EXISTING SYSTEM
The Existing System of Election is running manually. The Voter has to Visit to
Booths to Vote a Candidate so there is wastage of Time. Due to this many people don’t
go out to cast their vote which is one of the most important and Worrying factor. In
democracy Each and every vote is important. This Traditional system can be replaced
by a new online system which will limit the voting frauds and make the voting as well
as counting more efficient and transparent.

Proposed System:
The current voting system requires some improvement in it because of the issues
mentioned above. This can be achieved by replacing the existing system by the new
system which will limit the voting frauds and make the voting as well as counting more
efficient.

 Online Election System would have user registration, user login and
admin login.
 This Online Voting System will manage the Voter’s information by
which voter can login and use his voting rights.
 At the time of registration voter will be asked for this: Full name, age,
Aadhaar card no, mobile no. email id and after being verified will be
given the access.
 At the time of requesting vote, voter will be asked to enter his Aadhaar
id. Then voter will be authenticated, and he can give vote from one of the
candidate from the list .Voters can vote for a Candidate only once per
Election.

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  The software system allows the user to login in to their profiles and
upload all their details including their previous milestone onto the
system. The admin can check each Candidate details.
 The software system also allows Voters to view a list of Candidates in
their area. The admin has overall rights over the system and can moderate
and delete any details not pertaining to Election Rules.

BLOCKCHAIN
Blockchain can help to implement a system that is immutable, transparent, and
efficient and cannot be hacked into. The inability to change or delete information from
blocks makes the blockchain the most effective technology for voting systems.
Blockchain technology is supported by a distributed network consisting of variety of
interconnected nodes. Each of these nodes have their own copy of the distributed ledger
(information) that contains the total history of all transactions the network has
processed. There is no centralized system that controls the network. If the majority of
the nodes agree, then they accept a transaction. This network permits users to stay
anonymous. A basic analysis of the blockchain technology (including sensible
contracts) suggests that it is an appropriate basis for e-voting and furthermore, it might
have the potential to form e-voting a lot of acceptable and reliable.
Blockchain technology makes e-voting cheaper, easier, and much more secure
to implement. It is a considerably new paradigm that can help to form decentralized
systems, which assure the data integrity, availability, and fault tolerance. This
technology aims to revolutionize the systems. The blockchain systems are formed as
decentralized networked systems of computers, which are used for validating and
recording the pure online transactions. They also constitute ledgers, where digital data
is tied to each other, called the blockchain. The records on the blockchain are essentially
immutable.

Benefits of E-voting system over the current system:

1. Increasing the level of participation
The Internet voting system tends to maximize user participation, by allowing
them to vote from anywhere and from any device that has an internet connection.

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2. Security
By considering the importance of the e-voting system is implemented using
“Blockchain”.

3. Efficiency
The reduction in organizational and implementation costs significantly increases the
efficiency of election management compared to traditional paper voting, for example.

4. Precision
The electronic vote eliminates errors in manual count, which brings with it
an accurate and quick publication of results, with receipt of vote for each vote cast.

Proposed Plan of Work:

For our proposed plan of work we are considering two modules that are to be completed
in three phases. Two modules are as follows:
1. Front-end for the application
2. Back-end using Solidity to implement Blockchain.

Each of these module will be considered as one phase and the remaining one phase will
cover the connection and testing of these modules.

• Phase 1: In this phase we will cover the front-end module, in which we will build the
interactive user-interface for the admin as well as the user. In parallel the research work
related to the implementation of Blockchain in decentralized application will be done.

• Phase 2: In this phase we will cover the back-end module, we will implement the
Blockchain using Ethereum framework and convert the system into a decentralized
application.

• Phase 3: The connection of two different module along with the testing of the platform
will be completed in this phase.

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 CHAPTER -2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Currently increasing digital technology helped many people lives. In contrast to the
electoral system, there are many conventional uses of paper in its implementation. The
aspect of security and transparency is a threat from still widespread election with the
conventional system .Block chain technology is one of solutions, because it embraces
a decentralized system and the entire database are owned by many users.
There is no doubt that the revolutionary concept of the blockchain, which is the
underlying technology behind the famous crypto currency Bit coin and its successors,
is triggering the start of a new era in the Internet and the online services. In this work,
we have implemented and tested a sample e-voting application as a smart contract for
the Ethereum network using the Ethereum wallets and the Solidity language.
Block chain was first introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto (a pseudonym), who proposed
a peer to-peer payment system that allows cash transactions through the Internet
without relying on trust or the need for a financial institution. Block chain is secure by
design, and an example of a system with a high byzantine failure tolerance.
E-voting is a potential solution to the lack of interest in voting amongst the young tech
savvy population. For e-voting to become more open, transparent, and independently
auditable, a potential solution would be base it on block chain technology. Block chain
technology has a lot of promise; however, in its current state it might not reach its full
potential.
Electronic voting has been used in varying forms since 1970s with fundamental benefits
over paper based systems such as increased efficiency and reduced errors. With the
extraordinary growth in the use of block chain technologies, a number of initiatives
have been made to explore the feasibility of using block chain to aid an effective
solution to e-voting. It presented one such effort which leverages benefits of block chain
such as cryptographic foundations and transparency to achieve an effective solution to
e-voting. The proposed approach has been implemented with Multichain and in-depth
evaluation of approach highlights its effectiveness with respect to achieving
fundamental requirements for an e-voting scheme.
Recent major technical challenges relating to e-voting systems embrace, however not
restricted to secure digital identity management. Any potential citizen ought to be
registered to the electoral system before the elections. Their data ought to be in a very
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digitally processable format. Besides, their identity data ought to be unbroken personal
in any involving information. Ancient E-voting system could face following problems:
• Anonymous vote-casting.
• Individualized ballot processes.
• Ballot casting verifiability by (and only by) the voter.
• High initial setup costs.
• Increasing security problems.
• Lack of transparency and trust.
• Voting delays or inefficiencies related to remote/absentee voting
To mitigate these threats, software mechanisms which promise the following should be
deployed:
1. Prevention of evidence deletion. 2. Transparency with privacy.
Using a Blockchain, the most important requirements are satisfied:
• Authentication: Only registered voters will be allowed to vote.
• Anonymity: The system prevents any interaction between the votes casted by the
voters and their identities.
• Accuracy: Votes once cast are permanently recorded and cannot be modified or
changed under any circumstances.
• Verifiability: The system will be verifiable such that the number of votes is accounted
for

As technology advances, many countries have now opted for electronic voting systems.
Any voting system must follow principles of transparency and impartiality in order to
achieve fairness; the electronic voting process must also be protected against cyber-
attacks or denial-of-service attacks (DDOS) because such attacks may affect the
processing time in voting procedures and even hinder the fairness in voting. This study
establishes a network security mechanism for voting systems based on blockchain
technology. The blockchain mechanism employs a distributed architecture that can
prevent system shutdown resulting from malicious cyber-attacks; additionally, any user
in the blockchain can authenticate data integrity, which satisfies requirements of
transparency and impartiality in voting systems.

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 CHAPTER-3
WORK DONE

Proposed Plan of Work:

For our proposed plan of work we are considering two modules that are to be completed
in three phases. Two modules are as follows:
1. Front-end for the application
2. Back-end using Solidity to implement Blockchain.

Each of these module will be considered as one phase and the remaining one phase will
cover the connection and testing of these modules.

• Phase 1: In this phase we will cover the front-end module, in which we will build the
interactive user-interface for the admin as well as the user. In parallel the research work
related to the implementation of Blockchain in decentralized application will be done.

• Phase 2: In this phase we will cover the back-end module, we will implement the
Blockchain using Ethereum framework and convert the system into a decentralized
application.

• Phase 3: The connection of two different module along with the testing of the platform
will be completed in this phase.

Division of Phase One:

 We have considered 2 main modules which are as follows:
A. Admin- The admin module is divided into 5 components-
1. Dashboard-It will contain various charts to display information such as
number of parties, number of voters etc.
2. Add Candidate - In this feature of admin, he can add candidates who are
standing in the election. After candidate is added it will be displayed on
the user side.

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 3. Create Election- This feature of admin will allow him to create election.
A user can cast his vote only after the election is created by admin. A user
can cast vote between the start date and end date.
4. Election Details- In this section admin can update election details such as
start date, end date etc.
5. Candidate Details- In candidate details all the candidates added by admin
will be displayed. Admin can update the candidate details if incase a
wrong entry is done.
B. User- The user module is divided into 4 components
1. Dashboard- The user dashboard contains information about parties and
their candidates. A user can see all the information about candidate.
2. Voter Register- In this section first user will have to register himself only
then he will be able to cast his vote.
3. Voting Area- After user is registered, then only he will be directed to
this page and then he can cast his vote.
4. Results- In this component the user will be able to see the results of the
election.

Phase One Flow Diagram

Fig.3.1 User flow diagram

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 Fig.3.1 Admin flow diagram

Research Methodology of Phase Two

Fig.3.3 Research methodology

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 CHAPTER-4
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT

The existing system for voting in India is the EVM (Electronic Voting Machine) based
system. Prior to this system there were paper ballots and manual counting. The paper
ballots method was widely criticized because of fraudulent voting and booth capturing,
where party loyalists captured booths and stuffed them with pre-filled fake ballots.
Replacing the existing system with a new election system is critical to limit
fraud and having the voting process traceable and verifiable. As we can see the internet
has brought a revolution in each and every domain possible, by trying to shift the
existing system towards the online platform to make the proceedings fast and user
convenient.
We know that the existing system is reliable but that does not mean that we
should not take a step ahead towards the betterment of the existing system. Online
voting system using blockchain can be that step.
A blockchain is a distributed, immutable, incontrovertible, public ledger. This
new technology works through four main features:
• The ledger exists in many different locations: No single point of failure in the
maintenance of the distributed ledger.

• There is distributed control over who can append new transactions to the ledger.

• Any proposed “new block” to the ledger must reference the previous version of
the ledger, creating an immutable chain from where the blockchain gets its
name, and thus preventing tampering with the integrity of previous entries.

We have tried to build a user interface of the decentralized application that will make
the voting process more convenient. The UI portion can be assumed as 30% of the total
work that is to be completed. The major portion in this system is related to the
blockchain technology which will be responsible for the reliable voting process.

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UI of Website

Fig.4.1 Homepage

 The homepage consists of 2 options –

1. First option is for admin login
2. Second option is for user signup/login

Fig.4.2 Admin Login

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 This is the login page for admin.
After admin is logged in he is directed to the dashboard

Fig.4.3 Admin Dashboard

 The dashboard will contain various charts to display information such as number
of parties, number of voters etc.

Fig.4.4 Add Candidate Page

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 In this feature of admin, he can add candidates who are standing in the election.
 After candidate is added it will be displayed on the user side.

Fig.4.5 Create Election Page

 This feature of admin will allow him to create election.

 A user can cast his vote only after the election is created by admin.
 A user can cast vote between the start date and end date.

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 Fig.4.6 Candidate Details

In candidate details all the candidates added by admin will be displayed. Admin can
update the candidate details if incase a wrong entry is done.

Fig.4.7 Election details

 In this section admin can update election details such as start date, end date etc.

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 Fig.4.8 User Sign up

 User will have to sign up before login.

 This is the signup page for the user.

Fig.4.9 User Sign in

 If user chooses user sign in option on homepage he will be directed to this page.
 After login he will be directed to user dashboard.
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 Fig.4.10 User Dashboard

 The user dashboard contains information about parties and their candidates.
 A user can see all the information about candidate.

Fig.4.11 Voter Registration form

In this section first user will have to register himself only then he will be able to cast his
vote.

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 Fig.4.12 Vote Casting Page

After user is registered, then only he will be directed to this page and then he can cast his
vote.

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 CHAPTER-5
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

In this project, we introduced a blockchain-based electronic voting system that utilizes

smart contracts to enable secure and cost-efficient election while guaranteeing voters
privacy. Blockchain technology offers a new possibility to overcome the limitations
and adoption barriers of electronic voting systems which ensures the election security
and integrity and lays the ground for transparency. Using an Ethereum private
blockchain, it is possible to send hundreds of transactions per second onto the
blockchain, utilizing every aspect of the smart contract to ease the load on the
blockchain. To achieve this we have divided this overall work into three modules.
1. The front-end module
2. The back-end module
3. Connection of two different module along with the testing.
Until now we have completed our first module, in which we created the interactive user-
interface for the admin as well as the user. We have also done some research work
related to the implementation of Blockchain in decentralized application.
And In the future to make the voting process more secure and to correctly identify the
person who is voting we can use ML and AI concepts. Using these concepts we can
verify whether the person voting is the same as the person who has registered during
the registration process.

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 CHAPTER-6
LITERATURE CITED

[1] Coursera. [Online].

Available: https://www.coursera.org/specializations/blockchaina

[2] Edureka (How Blockchain Works) - Simply Explained. [Online].

Available:https://youtu.be/9qfxLo1rt1Q?list=PL9ooVrP1hQOFJblZm3OdcVVH
6Z8V7HP1

[3] Introduction to Blockchain by NPTEL IITM. [Online]

Available: https://youtu.be/mzPoUjQC4WU

[4] Blockchain in e-voting. [Online].

Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=d0iLN8LDJ8g&feature=youtu.be

[5] Umut Can Çabuk1, Eylül Adıgüzel2, Enis Karaarslan2 (2018); A Survey on
Feasibility and Suitability of Blockchain Techniques for the E-Voting Systems;
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication
Engineering. [Online].
Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324038634_A_Survey_on_F
easibility_and_Suitability_of_Blockchain_Techniques_for_the_E -
Voting_Systems

[6] Aayushi Gupta1, Jyotirmay Patel2, Mansi Gupta1, Harshit Gupta1 (2017); Issues
and Effectiveness of Blockchain Technology on Digital Voting; International
Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing Science. ISSN 2249-3115 Vol. 7, No.
1 (2017). [Online].
Available:https://www.ripublication.com/ijems_spl/ijemsv7n1_04.pdf

[7] Pavel Tarasov and Hitesh Tewari (2017); the Future of E-Voting; IADIS
International
Journal on Computer Science and Information Systems Vol.12, No. 2, pp. 148-
165 I. [Online].
Available:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321803764_THE_FUTURE
_OF_EVOTING

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