CAPACITANCE 86

CAPACITANCE

SCAN CODE
CAPACITANCE
CAPACITANCE
Chapter 02

CAPACITANCE

1. CAPACITANCE
2.2 Symbol
1.1 Definition The symbols of capacitor are shown below
We know that charge given to a conductor increases it’s
potential i.e., Q  V  Q = CV or

Where C is a proportionality constant, called capacity or 2.3 Capacitance

capacitance of conductor. Hence capacitance is the ability of
The capacitance of a capacitor is defined as the magnitude
conductor to hold the charge (and associated electrical
of the charge Q on the positive plate divided by the
energy).
magnitude of the potential difference V between the plates
1.2 Unit and Dimensional Formula i.e., C = Q/V.
Coulomb
S.I. unit is = Farad (F) NOTE:
Volt

Smaller S.I. units are mF, F, nF and pF Capacitance of a capacitor is constant for the given
dimensions & medium.
1mF  10 3
F, 1F  10 F, 1nF  10 F, 1pF  10 F
6 9 12

2.4 Charge on Capacitor

C.G.S. unit is Stat Farad. 1F = 9× 1011 Stat Farad.
Net charge on a capacitor is always zero, but when we speak
Dimension: [C] = [M–1 L–2 T4A2].
of the charge Q on a capacitor, we are referring to the

2. CAPACITOR magnitude of the charge on each plate.

2.5 Energy Stored

2.1 Definition When a capacitor is charged by a voltage source (say
A capacitor is a device that stores electric energy. It is also
named condenser. battery) it stores the electric energy.
or
A capacitor is a pair of two conductors of any shape, which U 1
Energy density =  0 E 2
are close to each other and usually have equal and opposite volume 2
charge. If C = Capacitance of capacitor; Q = Charge on capacitor
and V = Potential difference across capacitor then energy
1 1 Q2
stored in capacitor U  CV 2  QV  .
2 2 2C

NOTE:
In charging an uncharged capacitor by a battery half the
energy supplied is stored in the capacitor and remaining
Fig. 2.1 half energy (1/2 QV) is lost in the form of heat.
CAPACITANCE

2.6 Types of Capacitors

Capacitors are of mainly three types as described in given table:

Parallel Plate Capacitor Spherical Capacitor Cylindrical Capacitor

It consists of two parallel metallic It consists of two concentric conducting It consists of two concentric
plates (may be circular, rectangular, spheres of radii a and b (a < b). Inner cylinders of radii a and b (a < b),
square) separated by a small distance sphere is given charge +Q, while outer inner cylinder is given charge +Q
A = area of plate sphere is given charge –Q [by battery] while outer cylinder is given charge
Q = Magnitude of charge –Q. Common length of the
cylinders is l then

Fig. 2.2 Fig. 2.4

Fig. 2.3

0 A ab 20 
Capacitance: C  Capacitance: C  4  0 Capacitance: C 
d ba b
n 
In the presence of dielectric medium In the presence of dielectric medium a
(dielectric constant K) (dielectric constant K) In the presence of dielectric
K0 A ab medium (dielectric constant K)
C C  4 0 K
d ba 20 K
C 
b
ln  
a
CAPACITANCE

2.7 Capacity of an Isolated Spherical Conductor

When charge Q is given to a spherical conductor of NOTE:
radius R, then potential at the surface of sphere is
1 Q
V .
4  0 R

.
Fig. 2.7

 Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends

upon the effective overlapping area of plates,
Fig. 2.5 separation between the plates and the dielectric
medium filled between the plates. While it is
Hence it’s capacity independent of charge given, potential raised or
Q nature of metals and thickness of plates.
C  4 0 R
V  The distance between the plates is kept small to
1 avoid fringing or edge effect (non-uniformity of
 C  4 0 R  . R in the field) at the boundaries of the plates.
9  109
C.G.S. C = R

2.8 Force between the Plates of a Parallel Plate

Capacitor
Field due to charge on one plate on the other is

E ,
2 0
hence the force F = QE

Fig. 2.8

 Spherical conductor is equivalent to a spherical

capacitor with it’s outer sphere of infinite
radius.
 A spherical capacitor behaves as a parallel plate
capacitor if it’s spherical surfaces have large
radii and are close to each other.
 The intensity of electric field between the
Fig. 2.6
plates of a parallel plate capacitor (E = /  0 )
does not depends upon the distance between
   2 them.
F  A    A
 20  20 Radial and non-uniform electric field exists between the
spherical surfaces of spherical capacitor.
 | F |  A  Q
2 2

2 0 2 0 A
CAPACITANCE

3. GROUPING OF CAPACITOR

Series Grouping Parallel Grouping

1. Charge on each capacitor remains same and equals to Potential difference across each capacitor remains
the main charge supplied by the battery
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
V = V1 + V2 + V3
+Q1 – Q1
+ –
C1 C2 C3 + –
+Q +Q + –
+Q –Q –Q –Q + –
+ – + – + –
+ – + – + – Q1
+ – + – + – +Q2 – Q2
Q + – + – + – + –
+ –
V1 V2 V3 + –
Q2 + –
+ – Q Q3 +Q3 – Q3
+ –
V + –
+ –
+ –

Fig. 2.9 V

Fig. 2.10

2. Equivalent capacitance 1  1  1  1 Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3

C eq C1 C2 C3

3. If two capacitors having capacitances C1 and C2 are If two capacitors having capacitance C1 and C2
connected in series then respectively are connected in parallel then

 C2   C1   C1   C2 
V1    .V and V2   .V Q1    .Q and Q2   .Q
 C1  C2   C1  C2   C1  C2   C1  C2 

4. If n identical capacitors each having capacitances C If n identical capacitors are connected in parallel
are connected in series with supply voltage V then
C Equivalent capacitance Ceq = nC and Charge on each
Equivalent capacitance Ceq  and Potential
n Q
capacitor Q  .
V n
difference across each capacitor V  
n
NOTE:
NOTE:
 Two capacitors are in parallel when their
 Two capacitors are in series when charge leaving
positive plates are connected and negative plates
one capacitor directly enters into another capacitor,
are also connected with each other.
undivided and undisturbed.
 In parallel combination, equivalent capacitance
 In series combination equivalent capacitance is
is always greater than the individual capacitance
always lesser than that of either of the individual
capacitors.
CAPACITANCE

3.1 Simple Circuits (Series & Parallel)

Suppose equivalent capacitance is to be determined in the following networks between points A and B

(i)

Fig. 2.11

(ii)

Fig. 2.12

(iii)

Fig. 2.13
CAPACITANCE

4. KIRCHOFF'S LAWS FOR CIRCUIT SOLVING Final charges :

Q2F = (30 – 4) 2 = 52 C
4.1 Kirchoff's Junction Law
Q1F = (10 – 4) = 6 C
Kirchoff’s Current Law or KCL, states that the “total
current or charge entering a junction or node is exactly
Q2F = (4 – (–25)) 2 = 58 C

equal to the charge leaving the node” 4.2 Kirchoff's Voltage Law
Example: Kirchoff’s voltage law (2nd Law) states that in any complete
In the given circuit find out the charge on each loop within a circuit, the sum of all voltages across
components which supply electrical energy (such as cells or
capacitor. (Initially they are uncharged) generators) must equal the sum of all voltages across the
other components in the same loop.
Example:
Two capacitors of capacitance 1 μF and 2μF are charged to
potential difference 20 V and 15 V as shown in figure. If
now terminal B and C are connected together terminal A
with positive of battery and D with negative terminal of
battery then find out final charges on both the capacitor.

Fig. 2.14

Fig. 2.15
Sol. Let potential at A is 0, so at D it is 30 V, at F it is
Fig. 2.17
10 V and at point G potential is –25V. Now apply
Kirchhoff's Ist law at point E. (total charge of all Now applying Kirchoff voltage law
– 20  q 30  q
the plates connected to 'E' must be same as before –  30  0
1 2
i.e. 0) (x – 10) + (x – 30) 2 + (x + 25) 2 = 0 –40 – 2q – 30 – q = – 60
5x = 20 x=4 3q = – 10
10
Charge flow = – C
3
50
Charge on capacitor of capacitance 1F  20  q 
3
80
Charge on capacitor of capacitance 2F  30  q 
3
(Circuit Solving method)

Fig. 2.16
CAPACITANCE

Sometimes it may not be easy to find the equivalent

5. WHEATSTONE BRIDGE BASED CIRCUIT
capacitance of a combination using the equations for series-
parallel combinations. We may then use the general method
If in a network five capacitors are arranged as shown the in
as follows:
Step 1: following figure, the network is called whetstone bridge
Identify the two points between which the equivalent C1 C3
type circuit. If it is balanced, then  hence C5 is
capacitance is to be calculated. Call any one of them as A C2 C4
and the other as B. removed and equivalent capacitance between A and B
(i)
Step 2:
Connect a battery between A and B with the positive
terminal connected to A and the negative terminal to B.
Send a charge +Q from the positive terminal of the battery
and –Q from the negative terminal of the battery.
Step 3:
Write the charges appearing on each of the plates of the
Fig. 2.18
capacitors. The charge conservation principle may be used.
The facing surfaces of a capacitor will always have equal
(ii)
and opposite charges. Assume variables Q1, Q2 .... etc. for
charges wherever needed. Mark the polarity across each
circuit element corresponding to higher (+) & lower (–)
potential ends.
Step 4:
The algebraic sum of all the potential differences along a
closed loop in a circuit is zero.
While using this rule, one starts from a point on the loop and
Fig. 2.19
goes along the loop, either clockwise or anticlockwise, to
reach the same point again. Any potential difference (iii)
encountered (from –ve to +ve) is taken to be positive and
any potential drop (from +ve to –ve) is taken to be negative.
The net sum of all these potential differences should be zero.
The loop law follows directly from the fact that electrostatic
force is a conservative force and the work done by it in any
closed path is zero.
Step 5:
Fig. 2.20
Number of variables Q1, Q2, etc. must be the same as the

number of equations obtained (loop equation). The C1C 2 CC

C AB   3 4
Q C1  C 2 C 3  C 4
equivalent capacitance Ceq  , where V is the potential
V
difference across the assumed battery terminals.
CAPACITANCE

5.1 Ladder Problems Sol. Let equivalent capacitance x then capacitance after C,D
Example: point will be 2x because every capacitance becomes 2 times
as compared to A, B. So,

Fig. 2.21
Find equivalent capacitance between point A and B.
Fig. 2.24
Sol.
 x 
2x  C  C x
C
2x  C  C  2

5.2 Symmetric Circuits

Example:

Fig. 2.22

Let Capacitance is Ceq then after line CD capacitance

again will be equal to Ceq , because circuit is infinite.
Then
Fig. 2.25
Find equivalent Capacitance between A and B.
Sol. Because line CD is symmetric about A and B
so we remove it then

 Ceq =
C eq 
+C ×C
 C eq =
5–1
C
C + C + Ceq 2
Example:
Find equivalent capacitance between points A and B.

Fig. 2.26
 Ceq  2C
Example:

Fig. 2.23 Fig. 2.27

CAPACITANCE

Find equivalent Capacitance between A and B.

Sol. Because line CD is symmetric about points A and B
so we remove it.

Fig. 2.31

Example:
Now Find out equivalent capacitance between A and B.
Fig. 2.28

3C
So, Ceq 
2
Example:

Fig. 2.32

Sol.

Fig. 2.29

Find equivalent Capacitance between point A and B if

Capacitance between any two plates is C.
There are total (n . 1) capacitors which are in series.
1 1 1
So,    .........(n – 1)times
Ceq C C
Fig. 2.33
1

n – 1   C eq 
C
There are only two capacitors. Ceq = C1 + C2
C eq C n–1

Example:. 6. DIELECTRIC
Find out equivalent capacitance between A and B.
Dielectrics are insulating (non-conducting) materials which
transmits electric effect without conducting. We know that
in every atom, there is a positively charged nucleus and a
negatively charged electron cloud surrounding it. The two
Fig. 2.30
oppositely charged regions have their own centres of charge.
Sol. Put numbers on the plates The charges will be as shown
The centre of positive charge is the centre of mass of
in the figure.
positively charged protons in the nucleus. The centre of
V12 = V32 = V34 negative charge is the centre of mass of negatively charged
So all the capacitors are in parallel combination.
electrons in the atoms/molecules.
Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3
CAPACITANCE

6.1 Polarization of a Dielectric Slab 6.3 Dielectric Breakdown and Dielectric Strength
It is the process of inducing equal and opposite charges If a very high electric field is created in a dielectric, the
on the two faces of the dielectric on the application of outer electrons may get detached from their parent
electric field. atoms. The dielectric then behaves like a conductor.
This phenomenon is known as dielectric breakdown.

The maximum value of electric field (or potential

gradient) that a dielectric material can tolerate without
it’s electric breakdown is called it’s dielectric strength.
S.I. unit of dielectric strength of a material is V/m but
practical unit is kV/mm.

6.4 Variation of Different Variables (Q, C, V, E and U)

of Parallel Plate Capacitor
Fig. 2.34 Suppose we have an air filled charged parallel plate
Suppose a dielectric slab is inserted between the plates capacitor having variables as follows:
of a capacitor. As shown in the figure. Charge: Q,
Induced electric field inside the dielectric is Ei, hence
Q
Surface charge density:   ,
this induced electric field decreases the main field E to A
E – Ei i.e., New electric field between the plates will be
0 A
Capacitance: C 
Enet = E – Ei. d

6.2 Dielectric Constant

After placing a dielectric slab in an electric field. The
net field is decreased in that region hence If E =
Original electric field and Enet = Net electric field.

E
Then  K where K is called dielectric constant. K
E net

is also known as relative permittivity (r) of the

material.
The value of K is always greater than one. For vacuum
Fig. 2.35
there is no polarization and hence
 1 Potential difference across the plates: V = E . d
E = E’ and K = 1 E i  E 1  
 k QA
Electric field between the plates: E 
 1 0
 i   1  
 k 1 Q2 1
Energy stored: U  CV 2   QV
2 2C 2
CAPACITANCE

Quantity Battery is Removed Battery Remains Connected

Fig. 2.36 Fig. 2.37

Capacity C = KC C’ = KC
Charge Q = Q (Charge is conserved) Q’ = KQ
Potential V’ = V/K V’ = V (Since Battery maintains the potential
difference)

Intensity E’ = E/K E’ = E
Energy U’ = U/K U’ = KU
E
V  E  d  t   E t  E  d  t   .t
NOTE: K
If nothing is said it is to be assumed that battery is
 t 
disconnected.  V  E  d  t  
 K
 t  Q  t 
 d  t    d  t  
7. WHEN DIELECTRIC IS PARTIALLY FILLED 0  K  A 0  K
BETWEEN THE PLATES
Now capacitance of the capacitor
If a dielectric slab of thickness t (t < d) is inserted Q 0 A
between the plates as shown below, then E = Main C   C 
V dt 
t
electric field between the plates, Ei= Induced electric
K
field in dielectric. E’ = (E – Ei) = The reduced value of
Dielectric slabs in series:
electric field in the dielectric. Potential difference
between the two plates of capacitor is given by

Fig. 2.39
Fig. 2.38
CAPACITANCE

0 A ε0  A / 2
C 
 t t t  d/2 d/2
d   t1  t 2  t 3  ......   1  2  3  ......  d–d/2–d/2+ +
 K1 K 2 K 3  K1 K3
ε0  A / 2 Kε 0 A
 
d/2 d/2 d
d–d/2–d/2+ +
K1 K3
K1 K 3 K 2 K 3
 +
K1 K 3 K 2 K 3

7.1 When a Metallic Slab is Inserted between the Plates

Fig. 2.40

0 A
Dielectric slabs in parallel C  
 t1 t t t 
  2  3  4 
 K1 K 2 K 3 K 4 
A parallel plate capacitor of area A, plate separation d and
capacitance C is filled with three different dielectric
materials having dielectric constants K1, K2 and K3 as Fig. 2.43
shown. If a single dielectric material is to be used to have
0A
the same capacitance C in this capacitor then its dielectric Capacitance C 
  t
d
constant K is given by

Fig. 2.44
Fig. 2.41
C’ =  (In this case capacitor is said to be short circuited)
ε0 A
Applying C =
t1 t
d – t1 – t 2 + + 2
k1 K 2 8. WHEN SEPARATION BETWEEN THE
PLATES IS CHANGING
We have,
If separation between the plates changes then it’s
1
capacitance also changes according to C  . The effect on
d
other variables depends on the fact that whether the charged
capacitor is disconnected from the battery or battery is still
connected.

Fig. 2.42
CAPACITANCE

8.1 Separation is Increasing

Quantity Battery is Removed Battery remains Connected

Fig. 2.45
Fig. 2.46

1
Capacity Decreases because C  i.e. C’ < C Decreases i.e., C’ < C
d

Remains constant because a battery is not present i.e., Decreases because battery is present i.e., Q’
Charge
Q’ = Q <Q

Remaining charge (Q – Q’) goes back to the

Potential Q 1 V’ = V (Since Battery maintains the
difference Increases because V   V  i.e., V  V
C C potential.

 Q Q
Remains constant because E   i.e., Decrease because E   E  Q i.e.,
Electric Field  0 A 0 A 0
E’ = E E’ < E

Decreases because
Q2 1
Energy Increases because U   U  i.e., U’ > U 1
2C C U  CV2  U  C i.e., U’ < U
2
CAPACITANCE

8.2 Separation is Decreasing

Quantity Battery is Removed Battery remains Connected

Capacity 1 Increases i.e., C’ > C

Increase because C  i.e. C’ > C
d
Increases because battery is present i.e., Q’
>Q
Charge Remains constant because battery is not present i.e.,
Remaining charge (Q’ – Q) is supplied by
Q’ = Q
the battery.

Potential Q 1 V’ = V (Since Battery maintains the

Decreases because V   V  i.e., V’ < V
difference C C potential difference)
Q
 Q Increases because E   E  Q i.e.,
Electric Field Remains constant because E   i.e., E’ = E A 0
 0 A 0
E’ > E
1
Increases because U  CV  U  C i.e.,
2
Q2 1
Energy Decreases because U   U i.e. U’ < U 2
2C C
U’ > U

Charge on capacitors redistributed and new charge on them

9. REDISTRIBUTION OF CHARGE BETWEEN
TWO CAPACITORS will be ,

When a charged capacitor is connected across an uncharged  C1   C2 

Q'1  Q   Q'2  Q  
capacitor, then redistribution of charge occur to equalize the  C1  C2   C1  C2 
potential difference across each capacitor. Some energy is Q = Q1+Q2
also wasted in the form of heat. Q1  Q 2 C1 V1  C 2 V2
The common potential V   and loss
C1  C 2 C1  C 2
Suppose we have two charged capacitors C1 and C2 after
C1C 2
of energy  U   V1  V2 
2
disconnecting these two from their respective batteries. 2  C1  C 2 
These two capacitors are connected to each other as shown
below (positive plate of one capacitor is connected to NOTE:
positive plate of other while negative plate of one is Two capacitors of capacitances C1 and C2 are charged
connected to negative plate of other) to potential of V1 and V2 respectively.
After disconnecting from batteries they are again
connected to each other with reverse polarity i.e.,
positive plate of a capacitor connected to negative
plate of other. So common potential
Q1  Q 2 C1 V1  C 2 V2 1 C1C2
 V1  V2 
2
V  U 
C1  C 2 C1  C 2 2 C1  C2

Fig. 2.47
CAPACITANCE

10. COMBINATION OF DROPS

Suppose we have n identical drops each having – Radius – r,

Capacitance – c, Charge – q, Potential – v and Energy – u.

If these drops are combined to form a big drop of – Radius –

R, Capacitance – C, Charge – Q, Potential – V and Energy –
U then –

(i) Charge on big drop: Q = nq

(ii) Radius of big drop: Volume of big drop

= n  volume of a single
drop i.e.,

4 3 4
R  n  r3 ,
3 3
R n r
1/3

(iii) Capacitance of big drop: C = n1/3 c

Q nq
(iv) Potential of big drop: V  V = n2/3 v
C n1/3c
1
U  CV2
2
(v) Energy of big drop:
1
 (n1/3c)(n2/3v)2
2
U = n5/3 u

NOTE:
 It is a very common misconception that a
capacitor stores charge but actually a capacitor
stores electric energy in the electrostatic field
between the plates.
 Two plates of unequal area can also form a
capacitor but effective overlapping area is
considered.
CAPACITANCE

SOLVED EXAMPLES

Example - 2
Example – 1
A charged air capacitor has stored energy U0. What
In the figure below, the capacitance of each
will be the energy stored when air is replaced by a
capacitor is 3F. The effective capacitance between
A and B is dielectric of dielectric constant K, charge Q
remaining the same.

2
Sol. Energy stored in dielectric filled capacitor U  Q .
2C

The capacitance of air capacitor = Cair

3 The capacitance of dielectric capacitor, C = K . Cair,

F
(a) 4 (b) 3F
(c) 6F (d) 5F 2
Energy stored in air capacitor, U  Q .
Ans. (d) 0
2Cair
Sol.
U 1 U
  U 0
U0 K K

That is, energy stored is reduced to 1 times.

K
Example – 3

Keeping the voltage of the charging source constant,

C1  C2  C3  C 4  3F (given) what would be the percentage change in the energy
  C4 and C3 are in parallel, i.e. stored in a parallel plate capacitor if the separation
Ceq  C4  C3   3  3 F  6F between its plates were to be decreased by 10%?
Now arrangement of capacitors will be as follows
Sol. Energy stored in a capacitor for a fixed voltage,

1
U CV 2 .
2

Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor C  0 A . If

d
 C1 is in parallel with the series combination of the separation between the plates is decreased by 10
C2 and Ceq.
%, new separation, d  10 d  0.9 d. .

C 2  Ceq 
'

 C1 100
 C"eq between A and B
C2  C'eq
New capacitance C '  0 A  C  10 C
0.9d 0.9 9
 3 6 
   3  5F
 3 6 
% change in energy is   10  1  100 = 11.1%
 
9 

i.e., energy stored increases by 11.1 %.

CAPACITANCE

Sol. The equivalent capacitance of C1 and C2 in series

Example - 4 C1C 2 2 2
C'    1F
C1  C2 2  2
For circuit, the equivalent capacitance between P and
Q is C’ is in parallel with C3, so equivalent capacitance of

C1, C2 and C3 is

C” is in series with C4 ; their equivalent capacitance

(a) 6C (b) 4C C4 C" 2 2

C" '    1F
C4  C" 2  2
(c) 3C (d) 6C
2 11 This is in parallel with C5 ; So equivalent capacitance

Ans: (d) across AB is CAB = 1 + 1 = 2 mF

Sol:
Energy  1 C V 2  1  2  106  (6) 2
AB
2 2
stored = 36 × 10-6 J

Example- 6

Find the equivalent capacitance of the combination

between points A & B using charge distribution
method.

Sol.

1 1 1 1 2  3  6 11
    
Ceq 3C 2C C 6C 6C
6C
 Ceq 
11
Assume a battery of potential V across A & B. Do the
Example- 5
charge distribution in the circuit.
Find the total energy stored in the capacitors in the
given network:

Variables : Q, q

Loops : (ABCFA), (FCDEF)

Using Kirchhoff’s voltage law in

Loop (A → B → C → F → A)
CAPACITANCE

Qq q
0  0  0 Q  4q
3C C ⇒ ...(i) 1 1 2 8 3C
    C3 
Loop (F → C → D → E → F) C C 3C 3C 8

q Q
 V00
C 4C Þ 4 q  Q  4 CV ...(ii)

Using equations (i) and (ii) ;

CV
q , Q  2CV ⇒
2
Equivalent capacitance between A and B is, C 3C 7C 7C
   Ceq 
Q 2CV 2 8 8 8
C eq    2C
V V Example - 8
Example - 7 Charge Q on a capacitor varies with voltage V as
Find the equivalent capacitance between points A shown in the figure, where Q is taken along the X-
and B. axis and V along the Y-axis. The area of triangle
OAB represents.

Sol.

(a) Capacitance
(b) Capacitive reactance
(c) Magnetic field between the plates
(d) Energy stored in the capacitor
⇒ 11  2  C C Ans. (d)
1
C C C 2
Sol.

C 3C 3C Area of Triangle OAB = Area under V-Q graph

C   C2 
2 2 2 1 1
  OB  AB   QV
2 2
= U = Energy stored in Capacitor.

⇒
CAPACITANCE

Example - 9

The capacities of two conductors are C1 and C2 and

their respective potentials are V1 and V2. If they are
connected by a thin wire then the loss of energy will
be

C1C2 (V1  V2 ) C1C2 (V1 -V2 )

(a) 2(C1  C 2 ) (b) 2(C1 +C2 )

C1C2 (V1 -V2 )2 (C1 +C2 ) (V1 -V2 )

(c) 2(C1 +C2 ) (d) C1C2

Ans. (c)

Sol. Total energy before sharing charges:

1 1
U1 = C1 V12 + C 2 V22
2 2
Total energy after sharing charges:

1
U2 =  C1 +C 2  V 2
2
Common potential is given by:

C1V1 +C 2 V2
V=
C1 +C 2
 C V +C V   C V +C V 
2 2
1
U 2 =  C1 +C 2   1 1 2 2  = 1 1 2 2
2  C1 +C 2  2  C1 +C 2 

Loss in energy

C1C2  V1 -V2 
2

U = U 2 -U1 =
2  C1 +C2 
CAPACITANCE

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Parallel Plate Capacitor & Spherical and cylindrical 7. In a parallel–plate capacitor, the region between the plates
capacitor is filled by a dielectric slab. The capacitor is charged from a
1. The capacity of a parallel plate capacitor is C. Its cell and then disconnected from it. The slab is now taken out.
capacitance when the separation between the plate is (a) The potential difference across the capacitor is reduced
halved will be (b) The potential difference across the capacitor is increased
(a) 4 C (b) 2 C (c) The energy stored in te capacitor is reduced
(c) C/2 (d) C/4 (d) No work is done by an external agent in taking the slab
2. The distance between two plates of a parallel plate out
capacitor is slowly increased. A graph is plotted between
capacitance C and the distance d. Which graph is correct? Dielectrics in capacitors

8. There are four capacitors which have same plate area,

dielectric medium but different distances between the plates.
A graph is plotted between charge and potential as shown.
Which one of them have the large plate separation ?

(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
3. A parallel plate capacitor is charged and the charging
(a) 1 (b) 2
battery is then disconected. If the plates of the capacitor
are moved farther apart by means of insulating handles (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) the charge on the capacitor increases 9. A parallel plate condenser has a capacity C. The space
between the plates is half filled by oil of dielectric constant k
(b) the voltage across the plates decreases
as shown in the figure. The ratio of new capacity to the
(c) the capacitance increases original capacity is :
(d) the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor
increases
4. A parallel plate capacitor is made of two circular plates
separated by a distance of 5 mm and with a dielectric of
dielectric constant 2.2 between them. When the electric
field in the dielectric is 3 × 104 V/m, the charge density of
the positive plate will be close to : (a) k : 1 (b) (1 + k) : 1
(a) 3 × 10–7 C/m2 (b) 3 × 104 C/m2
1+ k 1
(c) 6 × 104 C/m2 (d) 6 × 10–7 C/m2 (c) :1 (d) (1 + k) :
2 2
5. A spherical conductor has a capacity of 2F. Its radius
will be (0 = 8.85 × 10–12 S.I. units) 10. The capacities of two conductors are C1 and C2 and their
respective potentials are V1 and V2. If they are connected by
(a) 1.8 m (b) 1800 m
4
a thin wire then the loss of energy will be
(c) 1.8 × 10 m (d) 0.018 m
6. Capacitance (in F) of a spherical conductor having radius C1C 2 (V1  V2 ) C1C 2 (V1  V2 )
(a) (b)
1 m, is 2(C1  C 2 ) 2(C1  C 2 )
–10 –6
(a) 1.1 × 10 (b) 10
–9 –3 C1C 2 (V1  V2 ) 2 (C1  C 2 ) (V1  V2 )
(c) 9 × 10 (d) 10 (c) (d)
2(C1  C 2 ) C1C2
CAPACITANCE

11. A capacitor connected to a 10 V battery collects a charge 16. A parallel plate capacitor is made of two plates of length
of 40 microcoulomb with air as dielectric and 100 l, width  and separated by distance d. A dielectric slab
microcoulomb with oil as dielectric. The dielectric constant (dielectric constant K) that fits exactly between the plates
of the oil is is held near the edge of the plates. It is pulled into the
(a) 4 (b) 0.4 U
capacitor by a force F = – where U is the energy of
(c) 2.5 (d) 1.0 x
the capacitor when dielectric is inside the capacitor up to
12. A parallel plate capacitor is made of two dielectric blocks
distance x (See figure). If the charge on the capacitor is
in series. One of the blocks has thickness d1 and dielectric then the force on the dielectric when it is near the edge is:
constant k1 and the other has thickness d 2 and dielectric
constant k2 as shown in the figure. This arrangement can

be thought as a dielectric slab of thickness d   d1  d 2 

and effective dielectric constant k . Then k is (Given:

Q2 Q2 
(a) (k  1) (b) k
2dl 2 0 2dl 2 0
13. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a
capacitance of 9 pF. The separation between its plates is d. Q2 d
(c) (k  1) (d) None
The space between the plate is now filled with two 2l 2 0
dielectrics. One of the dielectrics has dielectric constant k1
17. A parallel plate condenser with a dielectric of dielectric
= 3 and thickness d/3 while the other one has dielectric
constant K between the plates has a capacity C and is
constant k2 = 6 and thickness 2d/3. Capacitance of the
charged to a potential V volts. The dielectric slab is slowly
capacitor is now removed from between the plates and then reinserted. The
(a) 1.8 pF (b) 45 pF net work done by the system in this process is
(c) 40.5 pF (d) 20.25 pF 1
14. A parallel plate capacitor with a slab of dilectric constant 3 (a)  K  1 CV 2 2
(b) CV (K – 1)/K
2
filling the whole space between the plates is charged to 2
(c) (K – 1) CV (d) zero
certain potential and isolated. Then the slab is drawn out
and another slab of equal thickness but dielectric constant 18. Two parallel plates of area 0.1 m2 each are at separation of
2 is introduced between the plates. The ratio of the energy 10 mm . One-fourth of the space between them is filled
stored in the capacitor later to that stored initially is with a dielectric of dielectric constant 4 as shown in the
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 figure. The equivalent capacitance between terminals A
(c) 4 : 9 (d) 9 : 4 and B is given by  0 (in SI units). Find  .
15. An air capacitor of capacity C = 10 F is connected to a
constant voltage battery of 12 V. Now the space between
the plates is filled with a liquid of dielectric constant 5. The
charge that flows now from battery to the capacitor is
(a) 120 C
(b) 699 C
(c) 480 C
(d) 24 C
CAPACITANCE

19. A fully charged capacitor has a capacitance C. It is 23. In the figure, the equivalent capacitance between A and B is
discharged through a small coil of resistance wire embedded
in a thermally insulated block of specific heat capacity s
and mass m. If the temperature of the block is raised to T.
Then the potential difference V across the capacitor is

2mTC
(a)
s C1C 2  C 2C3  C3C1
(a) C1 + C2 + C3 (b)
C1  C 2  C3
2mTs
(b)
C C1C 2C3
(c) C C  C C  C C (d) none of these
1 2 2 3 3 1
3mTC
(c)
2s 24.

mTC
(d)
2s

Combination of Capacitors

20. In the given circuit below, the charge in C on the capacitor

having capacity of 5F (a) C/10 (b) 10C/3
(c) 3C/10 (d) 9C
25. In the given circuit, if charge on 6 F capacitor is 10 C,

then the charge (in  C  on 4  F capacitor will be

(a) 4.5 (b) 7

(c) 9 (d) 15
21. Two capacitors of capacitances 3F and 6F are connected 26. A 5 F capacitor is fully charged across a 12 V battery. It is
in series across a potential difference of 400 volt. The P.D. then disconnected from the battery and connected to an
across each condenser is respectively : uncharged capacitor. If the voltage across the capacitor
800 400 becomes 3 V then the capacitance of the uncharged
(a) Volt, Volt capacitor will be
3 3
(a) 3 F (b) 15 F
600 500 (c) 25 F (d) 60 F
(b) Volt, Volt
3 3 27. Four metallic plates, each having area A are placed as shown.
700 400 The distance between the consecutive plates is d. Alternate
(c) Volt, Volt plates are connected to points A & B. The equivalent
3 3
capacitance of the system is
(d) none of these
22. Two capacitors C1 and C2 are charged to 120 and 200 V
respectively. It is found that by connecting them together
the potential on each one can be made zero. Then
(a) 5C1 = 3C2 (b) 3C1 = 5C2 (a) 0A/d (b) 20A/d
(c) 3C1 + 5C2 = 0 (d) 9C1 = 4C2 (c) 30A/d (d) 40A/d
CAPACITANCE

Circuit laws & Miscellaneous problems in capacitors 33. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is connected to
a battery and is charged to a potential difference V. Another
28. For the circuit shown, which of the following statements capacitor of capacitance 2C is connected to another battery
is true? and is charged to potential difference 2V. The charging
batteries are now disconnected and the capacitors are
connected in parallel to each other in such a way that the
positive terminal of one is connected to the negative terminal
of the other. The final energy of the configuration is–

(a) With S1 closed, V1 = 15 V, V2 = 20 V 25 CV2

(A) Zero (B)
(b) With S3 closed, V1 = V2 = 25 V 6
(c) With S1 and S2 closed, V1 = V2 = 0
(d) With S1 and S3 closed, V1 = 30 V, V2 = 20 V 3 CV2 9 CV2
(C) (D)
2 2
29. A capacitor of 2  F is charged as shown in the diagram.
34. A capacitor of value 4 mF charged at 50V is connected with
When the switch S is turned to position 2, the percentage
another capacitor of value 2mF charged at 100V, in such a
of its stored energy dissipated is
way that plates of similar charges are connected together.
Before joining and after joining the total energy in multiples
10–2 J will be :–
(A) 1.5 and 1.33 (B) 1.33 and 1.5
(C) 3.0 and 2.67 (D) 2.67 and 3.0
35. Two conducting spheres of radii R1 and R2 are charged with
charges Q1 and Q2 respectively. On bringing them in contact
there is :–
(A) no change in the energy of the system
(B) an increase in the energy of the system if Q1R2 ¹ Q2R1
30. Two capacitors marked 10F, 400 volt and 4F, 100 volt are
connected in series. What is the maximum safe potential (C) always a decrease in energy of the system
that can be applied when these capacitor are joined in (D) a decrease in energy of the system if Q1R2 ¹ Q2R1
series. 36. The distance between plates of a parallel plate capacitor is 'd'.
Another thick metal plate of thickness d/2 and area same as
(a) 400 volt (b) 100 volt
that of plates is so placed between the plates, that it does not
(c) 200 volt (d) 140 volt touch the plates. The capacity of the resultant capacitor :–
31. An automobile spring extends 0.2 m for 5000 N load. The (A) remain same (B) becomes double
ratio of potential energy stored in this spring when it has (C) becomes half (D) becomes one fourth
been compressed by 0.2 m to the potential energy stored
37. Three parallel metallic plates, each of area A are kept as shown
in a 10 mF capacitor at a potential difference of 10000 V will in the figure and charges Q1, Q2 and Q3 are given to them.
be :– Edge effects are negligible. Calculate the charges on the two
(A) 1/4 (B) 1 outermost surfaces 'a' and 'f'.
(C) 1/2 (D) 2
32. A 40 µF capacitor in a defibrillator is charged to 3000 V. The
energy stored in the capacitor is sent through the patient a bc de f
during a pulse of duration 2 ms. The power delivered to
the patient is :–
(A) 45 kW
Q1  Q 2  Q 3 Q1  Q 2  Q 3
(B) 90 kW (A) (B)
2 3
(C) 180 kW
(D) 360 kW Q1  Q 2  Q 3 Q1  Q 2  Q 3
(C) (D)
3 2
CAPACITANCE

38. In the figure shown the plates of a parallel plate capacitor 41. N identical capacitor are joined in parallel and the
have unequal charges. Its capacitance is 'C'. P is a point combination is charged to a potential V. Now if they are
outside the capacitor and close to the plate of charge- separated and then joined in series then energy of
Q. The distance between the plates is 'd' then which combination will :–
statement is wrong (A) remain same and potential difference will also remain
same
2Q -Q
(B) remain same and potential difference will become NV
(C) increase N times and potential difference will
P become NV
(D) increase N time and potential difference will remains
same
42. The value of equivalent capacitance of the combination
(A) A point charge at point 'P' will experience electric force shown in figure between the points P and Q is :–
due to capacitor
2C 2C P
3Q
(B) The potential difference between the plates will be 2C
2C C
C C Q
(C) The energy stored in the electric field in the region
(A) 3 C (B) 2 C
9 Q2
between the plates is (C) C (D) C/3
8C
43. In the given circuit if point C is connected to the earth and a
(D) The force on one plate due to the other plate is potential of +2000 V is given to point A, the potential at B is
Q2 10F 10F
2  0 d2
5F
39. Five identical plates are connected across a battery as 10F C
A B
follows :

1 (A) 1500 V (B) 1000 V

2 (C) 500 V (D) 400 V
3
44. An infinite number of identical capacitors each of
4
capacitance 1m F are connected as in adjoining fi gu r e .
5
T h e n t h e equivalent capacitance between A and B is

If the charge on plate 1 be +q, then the charges on the

plates 2,3,4 and 5 are
(A) –q, +q,–q,+q (B) –2q, +2q,–2q,+q
(C) –q, +2q,–2q,+q (D) None of the above 8capacitor
40. Three plates A,B and C each of area 0.1 m2 are separated 16 capacitor
by 0.885 mm from each other as shown in the figure. A
A B
10V battery is used to charge the system. The energy 
stored in the system is: (A) 1m F (B) 2m F
(C) 1/2 mF (D) None of these
A 45. A parallel plate capacitor is made by stacking n equally
B spaced plates connected alternatively. If the capacitance
C 10V between any two adjacent plates is C, then the resultant
capacitance is–
(A) 1 mJ (B) 10–1 mJ (A) (n – 1)C (B) (n + 1)C
(C) 10–2 mJ (D) 10–3 mJ (C) C (D) nC
CAPACITANCE

46. Two parallel plate capacitors whose capacities are C and 2 50. A fully charged capacitor has a capacitance C. It is
C respectively, are joined in parallel. These are charged by discharged through a small coil of resistance wire embedded
V potential difference. If the battery is now removed and in a thermally insulated block of specific heat capacity s
a dielectric of dielectric constant K is filled in between the and mass m. If the temperature of the block is raised by DT,
plates of the capacitor C, then what will be the potential the potential difference V across the capacitance is–
difference across each capacitor?
2mC T
V 2V (a)
(a) (b) s
K2 K2
mC T
3V 2 K (b)
(c) (d) s
K 2 3V
47. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a msT
(c)
capacitance of 9 pF. The separation between its plates is C
'd'. The space between the plates is now filled with two
dielectrics. One of the dielectric has dielectric constant 2msT
d (d)
K1= 3 and thickness while the other one has dielectric C
3
2d 51. The capacitance (C) for an isolated conducting sphere of
constant K2 = 6 and thickness . Capacitance of the radius (a) is given by 4a. This sphere is enclosed within
3
capacitor is now an earthed concentric sphere. The ratio of the radii of the
(A) 1.8 pF (B) 45 pF n
(C) 40.5 pF (D) 20.25 pF spheres being then the capacitance of such a
(n  1)
48. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C (without sphere will be increased by a factor-
dielectrics) is filled by dielectric slabs as shown in figure.
Then the new capacitance of the capacitor is (a) n

n
(b)
K=6
3
(n  1)

K=2 K=4 (n  1)
1 2
(c)
n

(a) 3.9 C (b) 4 C (d) a.n

(c) 2.4 C (d) 3 C 52. Two capacitor having capacitance 8 mF and 16mF have
49. Dielectric sheet placed between the plates of parallel plate breaking voltage 20V & 80 V. They are combined in series.
capacitor. Now capacitor is charged and battery is The maximum charge they can store individually in the
disconnected. Now t = 0 sheet is taken out very slowly then combination is-
which of the following is correct for the variation of (a) 160 mC
capacitance with time
(b) 200 mC
(A) (B)
C C (c) 1280 mC
(d) None of these
53. A capacitor of capacitance 1 mF withstands the maximum
voltage 6 kV while a capacitor of 2mF withstands the
O t O t
maximum voltage 4 kV. What maximum voltage will the
(C) (D) system of these two capacitor withstands if they are
C C connected in series ?
(a) 10 kV (b) 12 kV
(c) 8 kV (d) 9 kV
O t O t
CAPACITANCE

54. Four identical plates 1,2,3 and 4 are placed parallel to each
other at equal distance as shown in the figure. Plates 1
and 4 are joined together and the space between 2 and 3
is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant k=2. The
capacitance of the system between 1 and 3 & 2 and 4 are
C1
C1 and C2 respectively. The ratio C is-
2

1
2
3
4

5
(a) (b) 1
3

3 5
(c) (d)
5 7
55. The equivalent capacitance across A & B is
23F 7F

13F 1F
A B
12F

10F 1F

28 15
(a) f (b) F
3 2
(c) 15 mF (d) None of these
CAPACITANCE

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

1. In figure is shown a system of four capacitors connected

across a 10 V battery. Charge that will flow from switch S
when it is closed is : (2015)

(a) 360 N/C

(b) 420 N/C
(c) 480 N/C
(d) 240 N/C
(a) 5 C from b to a (b) 20 C from a to b
4. Three capacitors each of 4 µF are to be connected in such
(c) zero (d) 5 C from a to b a way that the effective capacitance is 6 µF. This can be
2. In the given circuit, charge Q2 on the 2F capacitor done by connecting them : (2016)
changes as C is varied from 1F to 3F. Q2 as a function of (a) all in series
‘C’ is given properly by : (figures are drawn schematically
(b) two in series and one in parallel
and are not to scale) (2015)
(c) all in parallel
(d) two in parallel and one in series
5. Figure shows a network of capacitors where the numbers
indicate capacitances in micro Farad. The value of
capacitance C if the equivalent capacitance between point
A and B is to be 1 F is : (2016)

(a) (b)

31 32
(a) F (b) F
23 23
(c) (d)
33 34
(c) F (d) F
23 23
6. A capacitance of 2 F is required in an electrical circuit
across a potential difference of 1.0 kV. A large number of
1 F capacitors are available which can withstand a
3. A combination of capacitors is set up as shown in the
potential difference of not more than 300 V. The minimum
figure. The magnitude of the electric field, due to a point
number of capacitors required to achieve this is : (2017)
charge (having a charge equal to the sum of the charges
on the 4 F and 9 F capacitors), at a point distant 30 m (a) 32 (b) 2
from it, would equal: (2016) (c) 16 (d) 24
CAPACITANCE

7. A combination of parallel plate capacitors is maintained

at a certain potential difference. (2017)

When a 3 mm thick slab is introduced between all the (a) 40 C (b) 36 C

plates, in order to maintain the same potential difference,
the distance between the plates is increased by 2.4 mm. (c) 20 C (d) 54 C
Find the dielectric constant of the slab. 12. A parallel plate capacitor is made of two square plates of
(a) 3 (b) 4 side ‘a’, separated by a distance d (d<<a). The lower
(c) 5 (d) 6 triangular portion is filled with a dielectric of dielectric
constant K, as shown in the figure. Capacitance of this
8. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 90 pF is connected
capacitor is:
to a battery of emf 20V. If a dielectric material of dielectric
(2019)
5
constant k  is inserted between the plates, the
3
magnitude of the induced charge will be : (2018)
(a) 2.4 nC (b) 0.9 nC
(c) 1.2 nC (d) 0.3 nC
9. The equivalent capacitance between A and B in the circuit
given below, is : (2018)

K 0 a 2 K 0 a 2
(a) (b) ln K
2d  K  1 d  K  1

K 0 a 2 1 K 0 a 2
(c) ln K (d)
d 2 d
13. A parallel plate capacitor is of area 6 cm2 and a separation
(a) 2.4 F (b) 4.9 F 3 mm. The gap is filled with three dielectric materials of
(c) 3.6 F (d) 5.4 F equal thickness (see figure) with dielectric constants K1
= 10, K2 = 12 and K3 = 14. The dielectric constant of a
10. A parallel plate capacitor with area 200 cm2 and separation
single material which when fully inserted in the above
between the plates 1.5 cm, is connected across a battery capacitor gives the same capacitance would be: (2019)
of emf V. If the force of attraction between the plates is
25×10-6 N, the value of V is approximately:

 -12 C
2 
0 = 8.85×10  (2018)
 N.m 2 
(a) 250 V (b) 100 V (a) 4 (b) 14
(c) 300 V (d) 150 V (c) 12 (d) 36
11. A capacitor C1 = 1.0  F is charged up to a voltage V = 60 14. A parallel plate capacitor having capacitance 12 pF is
charged by a battery to a potential difference of 10 V
V by connecting it to battery B through switch (1). Now
between its plates. The charging battery is now
C1 is disconnected from battery and connected to a circuit
disconnected and a porcelain slab of dielectric constant
consisting of two uncharged capacitors C2 = 3.0  F and
6.5 is slipped between the plates. The work done by the
C3 = 6.0  F through switch (2), as shown in the figure. capacitor on the slab is: (2019)
The sum of final charges on C2 and C3 is : (a) 692 pJ (b) 508 pJ
(2018) (c) 560 pJ (d) 600 pJ
CAPACITANCE

15. Seven capacitors, each of capacitance 2 μF, are to be 17. Voltage rating of a parallel plate capacitor is 500 V. Its
connected in a configuration to obtain an effective dielectric can withstand a maximum electric field of
10 6 V/m. The plate area is 10–4 m2. What is the dielectric
capacitance of  6   F . Which of the combinations, constant if the capacitance is 15 pF? (given 0 = 8.86 ×
 
 13  10–12 C2 m2)
shown in figures below, will achieve the desired value? (2019)
(2019) (a) 3.8 (b) 8.5
(a) (c) 4.5 (d) 6.2
18. A parallel plate capacitor has 1μF capacitance. One of its
two plates is given + 2μC charge and the other plate,
+4μC charge. The potential difference developed across
the capacitor is :
(2019)
(a) 3 V (b) 1 V
(b)
(c) 5 V (d) 2 V
19. A capacitor with capacitance 5  F is charged to 5  C .
If the plates are pulled apart to reduce the capacitance to
2  F how much work is done?
(2019)
(a) 6.25  10 J
6 (b) 3.75  10 J6
(c)
(c) 2.16  106 J (d) 2.55  10 6 J
20. The parallel combination of two air filled parallel plate
capacitors of capacitance C and nC is connected to a
battery of voltage, V. When the capacitors are fully
charged, the battery is removed and after that a dielectric
material of dielectric constant K is placed between the
two plates of the first capacitor. The new potential
(d)
difference of the combined system is:
(2019)
nV
(a) (b) V
K n
16. In the given circuit, after the switch ‘S’ is turned from
position ‘A’ to position ‘B’, the energy dissipated in the V  n  1 V
(c) (d)
circuit in terms of capacitance ‘C’ and the total charge ‘Q’ K n  K  n
is _____. (2019)
21. Figure shows charge (q) versus voltage (V) graph for
series and parallel combination of two given capacitors.
The capacitances are : (2019)

1 Q2 3 Q2
(a) (b)
8 C 8 C

5 Q2 3 Q2 (a) 40 μF and 10 μF (b) 60 μF and 40 μF

(c) (d)
8 C 4 C (c) 50 μF and 30 μF (d) 20 μF and 30 μF
CAPACITANCE

22. A simple pendulum of length L is placed between the 24. In the given circuit, the charge on 4  F capacitor will be:
plates of a parallel plate capacitor having electric field E, (2019)
as shown in figure. Its bob has mass m and charge q. The
time period of the pendulum is given by:
(2019)

(a) 5.4C (b) 9.6C

(c) 13.4C (d) 24C
25. A parallel plate capacitor has plates of area A separated
L L by distance ‘d’ between them. It is filled with a dielectric
(a) 2 (b) 2 which has a dielectric constant varies as k(x) = k(1 + ax)
 qE   2 q2 E 2 
g   g  2  where ’x’ is the distance measured from one of the plates.
 m  m 
If  d 1 , the total capacitance of the system is best
given by the expression:
(c) 2
L (d) 2 L
(2020)
 qE   2  qE 2 
1/2

g    g    
 m   m  

23. Two identical parallel plate capacitors, of capacitance C
each, have plates of area A, separated by a distance d.
The space between the plates of the two capacitor, is
filled with three dielectrics, of equal thickness and
dielectric constants K1, K2 and K3. The first capacitors is
filled as shown in Fig. I, and the second one is filled as A 0 k    d  
2

shown in Fig. II. If these two modified capacitors are (a) d  1    

charged by the same potential V, the ratio of the energy   2  
stored in the two, would be (E1 refers to capacitors (I) and
E2 to capacitors (II): Ak 0    d 
(b)
d 1   2  
(2019)   

A 0 k    2 d  
(c) 1   
d   2 

Ak 0
(d) 1   d 
d
E1 K1 K 2 K 3 26. Effective capacitance of parallel combination of two
(a)  capacitors C1 and C2 is 10 μF. When these capacitor are
E2  K1  K 2  K 3  K 2 K 3  K 3 K1  K1 K 2 
individually connected to a voltage source of 1 V, the
energy stored in the capacitor C2 is 4 times of that in C1. If
(b) E1   K1  K 2  K 3  K 2 K 3  K 3 K1  K1 K 2  these capacitors are connected in series, their effective
E2 K1 K 2 K 3
capacitance will be:
E1 9K1 K 2 K 3 (2020)
(c) 
E2  K1  K 2  K 3  K 2 K3  K3 K1  K1 K 2  (a) 1.6μF (b) 3.2μF
(c) 4.2μF (d) 8.4μF
(d) E1   K1  K 2  K 3  K 2 K3  K 3 K1  K1 K 2 
E2 9 K1 K 2 K 3
CAPACITANCE

27. A capacitor is made of two square plates each of side ‘a’ 31. A capacitor C is fully charged with voltage V0. After
making a very small angle  between them, as shown in disconnecting the voltage source, it is connected in
figure. The capacitance will be close to parallel with another uncharged capacitor of
(2020) C
capacitance . The energy loss in the process after the
2
charge is distributed between the two capacitors is:
(2020)
1 1
(a) CV02 (b) CV02
2 4

1 1
(c) CV02 (d) CV02
3 6
 0a2  a   0a2  3 a 
(a) 1   (b) 1   32. Two capacitors of capacitances C and 2C are charged to
d  2d  d  2d 
potential differences V and 2V, respectively. These are
then connected in parallel in such a manner that the
 0a2  a   0a 2  a 
(c) 1   (d) 1  
positive terminal of one is connected to the negative
d  2d  d  4d  terminal of the other. The final energy of this configuration
28. A 5F capacitor is charged fully by a 220V supply. It is is :
then disconnected from the supply and is connected in (2020)
series to another uncharged 2.5 F capacitor. If the energy 9
(a) zero (b) CV 2
X 2
change during the charge redistribution is J then
100
value of X to the nearest integer is ………….. . (2020) 25 3
(c) CV 2 (d) CV2
6 2
29. A 10 F capacitor is fully charged to a potential difference
of 50V. After removing the source voltage it is connected 33. In the circuit shown, charge on the 5 F capacitor is :
to an uncharged capacitor in parallel. Now the potential (2020)
difference across them becomes 20 V. The capacitance of
the second capacitor is :
(2020)
(a) 15 F (b) 20 F
(c) 10 F (d) 30 F
30. In the circuit shown in the figure, the total charge is
750 C and the voltage across capacitor C2 is 20 V. Then (a) 5.45  C (b) 18.00  C
the charge on capacitor C2 is :
(c) 10.90 C (d) 16.36 C
(2020)
34. A parallel plate capacitor has plate of length ‘l’, width ‘w’
and separation of plates is ‘d’. It is connected to a battery
of emf V.A dielectric slab of the same thickness ‘d’ and of
dielectric constant k = 4 is being inserted between the
plates of the capacitor. At what length of the slab inside
plates, will the energy stored in the capacitor be two times
the initial energy stored?
(2020)
(a) 650 C
21 1
(b) 450 C (a) (b)
3 2
(c) 590 C
1 1
(d) 160 C (c) (d)
4 3
CAPACITANCE

35. A parallel plate capacitor whose capacitance C is 14pF is 38. A parallel plate capacitor has plate area 100m2 and plate
charged by a battery to a potential difference V = 12V separation of 10m. The space between the plates is filled
between its plates. The charging battery is now up to a thickness 5 m with a material of dielectric constant
disconnected and a porcelain plate with k = 7 is inserted of 10. The resultant cpacitance of the system is pF. The
between the plates, then the plate would oscillate back value of  0  8.85  10 –12 F.m –1 The value of x to the
and forth between the plates with a constant mechanical
nearest integer is ................. .
energy of (in pJ). Find N. (Assume no friction)
(2021)
(2021)
39. For changing the capacitance of a given parallel plate
36. Four identical rectangular plates with length, l = 2m and
capacitor, a dielectric material of dielectric constant K is
3
breadth, b  m are arranged as shown in figure. The used, which has the same area as the plates of the capaci-
2
x0 3
tor. The thickness of the dielectric slab is d , where ‘d’ is
equivalent capacitance between A and C is . The 4
d
the separation between the plates of parallel plate capaci-
value of x is (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
tor. The new capacitance (C’) in terms of orginal capaci-
(2021)
tance (C0) is given by the following relation.
(2021)

4k 3 K
(a) C '  C0 (b) C '  C0
K 3 4K

4 4k
(c) C '  C0 (d) C '  C0
3 K 3

37. A 2F capacitor C 1 is first charged to a potential

difference of 10V using a battery. Then the battery is
removed, and the capacitor is connected to an uncharged
capacitor C2 of 8F. The chare in C2 atequilibrium
condition is ______ C .
(2021)
CAPACITANCE

EXERCISE - 3: ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Single Choice Questions 4. A finite ladder is constructed by connecting several
1. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is connected to sections of 2F, 4F capacitor combinations as shown in
a battery and is charged to a potential difference V. Another the figure. It is terminated by a capacitor of capacitance C.
capacitor of capacitance 2C is similarly charged to a What value should be chosen for C such that the equivalent
potential difference 2V. The charging battery is now capacitance of the ladder between the points A and B
disconnected and the capacitors are connected in parallel becomes independent of the number of sections in between
to each other in such a way that the positive terminal of
one is connected to the negative terminal of the other. The
final energy of the configuration is
(a) zero

3
(b) CV 2 (a) 4 F (b) 2 F
2
(c) 18 F (d) 6 F
25 5. A capacitor of capacitance C1 = 1 F can with stand maximum
(c) CV 2 voltage V1 = 6kV (kilo-volt) and another capacitor of
6
capacitance C2 = 3 F can withstand maximum voltage
9 V2 = 4 kV. When the two capacitors are connected in series,
(d) CV 2 the combined system can withstand a maximum voltage of
2
(a) 4 kV (b) 6 kV
2. A parallel plate capacitor of capacity is charged to a (c) 8 kV (d) 10 kV
potential 6. Five identical plates are connected across a battery as
follows. If the charge on plate 1 be +q, then the charges on
(i) The energy stored in the capacitor when the battery is
the plates 2, 3, 4 and 5 are
disconnected and the separation is doubled E1
(ii) The energy stored in the capacitor when the charging
battery is kept connected and the separation between
the capacitor plates is doubled is E2. Then E1/E2 value is
(a) 4 (b) 3/2
(c) 2 (d) ½
3. An infinite number of identical capacitors each of (a) – q, + q, – q, + q (b) – 2q, + 2q, – 2q, +q
capacitance 1F are connected as in adjoining figure. Then
(c) – q, + 2q, – 2q, + q (d) None of these
the equivalent capacitance between A and B is
7. Four plates, each of area A and each side are placed parallel
to each other at a distance d. A battery is connected between
the combinations 1 and 3 and 2 and 4. The modulus of
charge on plate 2 is

(a) 1 F (b) 2 F
2 0 A 3 0 A
1 (a) E (b) E
(c) 2 F (d)  d d

2 0 A 0 A
(c) E (d) E
3d d
CAPACITANCE

8. Five capacitors are connected as shown in the diagram. If 13. Seven capacitors each of capacitance 2 F are connected
the p.d. between A and B is 22 V, the emf of the cell is in a configuration to obtain an effective capacitance
10/11 F. Which of the following combination will achieve
the desired result be ?
(a)

(a) 26 V (b) 42 V
(c) 38 V (d) 46 V
9. Find the equivalent capacitance between X and Y (Q.8
to Q.9)
(b)

(c)

(a) 3 F (b) 4 F (d)

(c) 5 F (d) 6 F
10.
14. A parallel plate capacitor is filled by a dielectric whose
permittivity varies with the applied voltage according to
the law r = V where  =1V–1.A similar capacitor without
dielectric is charged to voltage V 0=156 volt and is
connected in parallel with first nonlinear uncharged
capacitor. What is final voltage across the capacitors.
(a) 6 volt (b) 30 volt
(a) C (b) 5C
(c) 12 volt (d) 4 volt
(c) 2C (d) 3C
15. A system of three parallel plates each of area A are
11. Two identical metal plates are given positive charges Q1 separated by distance d1 and d2. The space between them
and Q2 (< Q1) respectively. If they are now brought close is filled with dielectric of permittivities 1 and 2. The
together to form a parallel plate capacitor with capacitance permitivity of free space is 0. The equivalent capacitance
C, the potential difference between them is of system is
(a) (Q1 + Q2)/2C (b) (Q1 + Q2)/C 0 2 d
(c) (Q1 – Q2)/C (d) (Q1 – Q2)/2C (a)  d   d
1 1 2 2
12. A parallel plate capacitor is connected to a battery. The
plates are pulled apart with a uniform speed. If x is the 0 A
separation between the plates, the time rate of change of (b)  d   d
1 1 2 2
electrostatic energy of capacitor is proportional to
(a) x–2 (b) x 1 2 0 d
(c)  d   d
(c) x–1
(d) x2 1 1 2 2

12 A
(d)  d   d
2 1 1 2
CAPACITANCE

16. The space between two plates of a condenser is filled with 

20. The magnitude of electric field E in the annular region of
two dielectric media of thickness t1 and t2 and dielectric
constant k1 and k2 respectively. The capacity of the a charged cylindrical capacitor
condenser is given by : (a) is same throughout
(b) is higher near the outer cylinder than near the inner
cylinder
(c) varies as 1/r where r is the distance from the axis
2
(d) varies as 1/r where r is the distance from the axis
21. The capacitance of a parallel plate condenser is C1
(fig. a). A dielectric of dielectric constant K is inserted as
shown in figure (b) and (c). If C2 and C3 are the capacitances
in figure (b) and (c), then
 t1  t 2  (a) (b)
(a) C   0 A  
 K1  k 2 

(b) C   K1  K 2  ε0 A
 t1k1  t2 k3 
ε0 A
(c) C  (c)
 t1   t2
    
 k1   k3
A
(d) (K1 – K2) 0  K  K   (t1 + t2)
1 2
17. A parallel plate capacitor with air in between the plates
has capacitance of 9 F .The separation between the
(a) Both C2 and C3 > C1
plates is d .The space between the plates is now filled
with two dielectrics .One of the dielectric has dielectric (b) C3 > C1 but C2 < C1
constant k1=3 with thickness d/3 and other one has (c) Both C2 and C­3 < C1
dielectric constant k2=6 and thickness 2d/3.The new (d) C1 = C2 = C3
capacitance will be 22. The expression for the capacity of the capacitor formed
(a)1.8 F (b) 20.25 F by compound dielectric placed between the plates of a
(c) 40.5 F (d) 45 F parallel plate capacitor as shown in figure, will be (area of
18. Condenser A has a capacity of 15F when it is filled with a plate = A)
medium of dielectric constant 15. Another condenser B
has a capacity of 1F with air between the plates. Both are
charged separately by a battery of 100 V. After charging,
both are connected in parallel without the battery and the
dielectric medium being removed. The common potential
now is
(a) 400 V (b) 800 V
(c) 1200 V (d) 1600 V
19. An uncharged capacitor with a solid dielectric is connected
to a similar air capacitor charged to a potential of V0. If the 0 A
0 A
common potential after sharing of charges becomes V, then (a) (b)
the dielectric constant of the dielectric must be  d1 d 2 d 3   d1  d 2  d 3 
     
 K1 K 2 K 3   K1  K 2  K 3 
V0 V
(a) (b) V
V 0 0 A  K1K 2 K 3   AK1 AK 2 AK 3 
(c) (d) 0    
 V0  V   V0  V  d1d 2 d3  d1 d2 d3 
(c) (d)
V V0
CAPACITANCE

23. The space between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor 29. A charge of 1 C is given to one plate of a parallel-plate
is filled completely with a dielectric substance having capacitor of capacitance 0.1 F and a charge of 2C is
dielectric constant 4 and thickness 3 mm. The distance given to the other plate. Find the potential difference, in
volts developed between the plates.
between the plates in now increased by inserting a second
sheet of thickness 5 mm and dielectric constant K. If the 30. A capacitor having a capacitance of 100F is charged to
a potential difference of 50 V. The charging battery is
capacitance of the capacitor so formed is one-half of the
disconnected and a dielectric slab of dielectric constant
original capacitance, the value of K is 2.5 is inserted. What charge in millicoloumb would have
(a) 10/3 (b) 20/3 produced this potential difference in absence of the
(c) 5/3 (d) 15/3 dielectric slab.
24. In a parallel–plate capacitor, the plates are kept vertical. Subjective Type Questions
The upper half of the space between the plates is filled
31. Two parallel plate capacitors of capacitances C and 2C are
with a dielectric with dielectric constant K and the lower
connected in parallel and charged to a potential difference
half with a dielectric with dielectric constant 2K. The ratio
V. The battery is then disconnected and the region between
of the charge density on the upper half of the plates to the the plates of capacitor C is completely filled with a material
charge density on the lower half of the plates will be equal to of dielectric constant K. The potential difference across
(a) 1 (b) 2 the capacitors now becomes ...........
(c) 1/2 (d) 3/2 32. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with plate
area A and separation d, is C. The space between the plates
25. In a parallel–plate capacitor, the region between the plates
is filled with two wedges of dielectric constants K1 and K2
is filled by a dielectric also. The capacitor is connected to respectively (figure). Find the capacitance of the resulting
a cell and the slab is taken out. capacitor.
(a) Some charge is drawn from the cell
(b) Some charge is returned to the cell
(c) The potential difference across the capacitor is
reduced
(d) No work is done by an external agent in taking the
slab out
26. If we increase ‘d’ of a parallel plate condensor to ‘2d’ and
fill wax to the whole empty space between its two plate,
then capacitance increase from 1pF to 2pF. What is the
33. Three identical capacitors C1, C2 and C3 have a capacitance
dielectric constant of wax.
of 1.0 F each and they are uncharged initially. They are
(a) 2 (b) 4 connected in a circuit as shown in the figure and C1 is
(c) 6 (d) 8 then filled completely with a dielectric material of relative
27. A capacitor is connected across another charged capacitor. permittivity r. The cell electromotive force (emf) V0 = 8 V.
The energy in the two capacitors will: First the switch S1 is closed while the switch S2 is kept
(a) be equal to the energy in the initial capacitor open. When the capacitor C3 is fully charged, S1 is opened
(b) Be less than that in the initial capacitor and S2 is closed simultaneously. When all the capacitors
reach equilibrium, the charge on C3 is found to be 5C.
(c) Be more than that in the initial capacitor
The value of r = ________.
(d) Be more or less depending on the relative capacities of
the two capacitors

Integer Type Questions

28. A potential difference is applied to the plates of a capacitor
filled with an insulator with stored energy as U. The
capacitor is disconnected and the insulator is pulled out
now. The work done in pulling out the insulator against
the electric field is 4U.What is the dielectric constant of
the insulator.
CAPACITANCE

34. The figure shows two identical parallel plate capacitors 37. In the circuit shown in steady state
connected to a battery with the switch S closed. The switch
is now opened and the free space between the plates of
the capacitors is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant
(or relative permittivity) 3. Find the ratio of the total
electrostatic energy stored in both capacitors before and
after the introduction of the dielectric
(a) charge across 4F capacitor is 20 C
(b) charge across 4F capacitor is 10 C
(c) potential difference across 4F capacitor is 5 Volt
(d) potential difference across 4F capacitor is 10 Volt
38. A dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of an
isolated charged capacitor. Which of the following
quantities will change.
35. Two parallel plate capacitors–4
A and B have the same (a) the electric field in the capacitor
separation d = 8.85 × 10 m 2between the2 plates. The
plate areas of A and B are 0.04 m and 0.02 m respectively. (b) the charge on the capacitor
A slab of dielectric constant (relative permittivity) K = 9 (c) the potential difference between the plates
has dimensions such that it can exactly fill the space
between the plates of capacitor B. (d) the stored energy in the capacitor
39. A parallel plate air capacitor is connected to a battery. The
quantities charge, voltage, electric field and energy
associated with this capacitor are given by Q0, V0, E0 and
U0 respectively. A dielectric slab is now introduced to fill
the space between the plates with the battery still in
connection. The corresponding quantities now given by
Q, V, E and U are related to the previous one as
(a) > Q0 (b) V > V0
(i) The dielectric slab is placed inside A as shown in figure (c) E > E0 (d) U > U0
(a). A is then charged to a potential difference of 110 V.
Calculate the capacitance of A and the energy stored in it. 40. A parallel plate capacitor is charged and the charging
battery is then disconnected. If the plates of the capacitor
(ii) The battery is disconnected and the dielectric slab is are moved farther apart by means of insulating handles
removed from A. Find the work done by the external agency
(a) the charge on the capacitor increases
in removing the slab from A.
(b) the voltage across the plates increases
(iii) The same dielectric slab is now placed inside B, filling
it completely. The two capacitors A and B are then (c) the capacitance increases
connected as shown in figure (c). Calculate the energy (d) the electrostatic energy stored in the capacitor
stored in the system. increases

More than one correct options 41. A parallel plate capacitor of plate area A and plate
separation d is charged to potential difference V and then
36. A dielectric slab of thickness d is inserted in a parallel the battery is disconnected. A slab of dielectric constant
plate capacitor whose negative plate is at x = 0 and K is then inserted between the plates of the capacitor so
positive plate is at x = 3d. The slab is equidistant from the as to fill the space between the plates. If Q, E and W
plates. The capacitor is given some charge. As x goes denote respectively, the magnitude of charge on each plate,
from 0 to 3d the electric field between the plates (after the slab is
(a) the magnitude of the electric field remains the same inserted), and work done on the system, in question, in
(b) the direction of the electric field remains the same the process of inserting the slab, then
(c) the electric potential increases continuously  0 AV  0 KAV
(a) Q  (b) Q 
(d) the electric potential increases at first then decreases d d
and again increases
V  0 AV 2  1
(c) E  (d) W  1  K 
Kd 2d  
CAPACITANCE

Match the Column Type Questions 44. Five identical capacitor plates, each of area A, are arranged
42. Consider the situation shown below. The switch S is open such that adjacent plates are at a distance d apart, the
for a long time and then closed. Then match the columns plates are connected to a source of emf V as shown in
the figure.

Column-1 Column-2

1
(a) Charge flown through (P) CE 2
2
battery when switch is closed The charge on plate 1 is ......... and on plate 4 is ..........

1 2
(b) Change in energy stored (Q) CE
4
in capacitor

1
(c) Heat developed in system (R) CE 2
8

CE
(d) Work done by battery (S)
2
43. In case of an isolated parallel plate capacitor there is effect
on its capacity when a dielectric is introduced or plate
separation is changed. Match Column-1 with column-2
for the statements in Column-1.
Column-1 Column-2
(a) When the plates of (P) Work done by external
parallel plate capacitor agent
is negative are pulled apart
keeping charge constant
(b) When the plates of (Q) Work done by battery
parallel plate capacitor is
positiveare pulled apart
keeping it potential constant
(c) When a dielectric slab (R) Electric potential is
gradually inserted energy of
the system between the
plates of decreasesparallel
plate capacitor and its
potential is kept constant
(d) When a dielectric slab (S) Work done by external is
gradually inserted agent is
positive between the plates
of an isolated parallel plate
capacitor
CAPACITANCE

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEARS JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. A parallel plate capacitor of area A, plate separation d and
6 0 R (15d  9vt)  0 R
capacitance C is filled with three different dielectric (a) (b)
materials having dielectric constants k1, k2 and k3 as 5d  3vt 2d 2  3dvt  9v 2 t 2
shown. If a single dielectric material is to be used to have 6 0 R (15d  9vt)  0 R
the same capacitance C in this capacitor then its dielectric (c) (d)
constant k is given by (2000) 5d  3vt 2d 2  3dvt  9v 2 t 2
4. A 2F capacitor is charged as shown in the figure. The
percentage of its stored energy dissipated after the switch
S is turned to position 2 is (2011)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (a) 0% (b) 20%

(a) k  k  k  2 k (b) k  k  k  2 k
1 2 3 1 2 3 (c) 75% (d) 80%
5. In a given circuit a charge of 80C is given to the upper
1 k1 k 2 kk k k
(c) k  k  k  2 k 3 (d) k  1 3  2 3 plate of the 4F capacitor. Then in steady state, the charge
1 2 k1  k 2 k 2  k 3 on upper plate of the 3F capacitor is (2013)
2. Consider the situation shown in the figure. The capacitor
A has a charge on it whereas B is uncharged. The charge
appearing on the capacitor B a long time after the switch is
closed is (2001)

(a) + 32 C (b) + 40 C
(c) + 48 C (d) + 80 C
6. In the circuit shown in the figure, there are two parallel
plate capacitors each of capacitance C. The switch S1 and
(a) zero (b) q/2 pressed first to fully charge the capacitor C1 and then
released. The switched S2 is then pressed to charge the
(c) q (d) 2q
capacitor C2. After some time, S2 is released and then S3 is
3. A parallel plate capacitor C with plates of unit area and pressed. After some time. (2013)
separation d is filled with a liquid of dielectric constant
K = 2. The level of liquid is d/3 initially. Suppose the liquid
level decreases at a constant speed v, the time constant as
a function of time t is (2008)

(a) the charge on the upper plate of C1 is 2 CV0

(b) the charge on the upper plate of C1 is CV0
(c) the charge on the upper plate of C2 is 0
(d) the charge on the upper plate of C2 is –CV0
CAPACITANCE

7. A parallel plate capacitor has a dielectric slab of dielectric 9. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C has spacing d
constant K between its plates that covers 1/3 of the area between two plates having area A. The region between
of its plates, as shown in the figure. The total capacitance the plates is filled with N dielectric layers, parallel to its
of the capacitor is C while that of the portion with dielectric d
in between is C1. When the capacitor is charged, the plate plates, each with thickness   . The dielectric constant
N
area covered by the dielectric gets charge Q1 and the rest
of the mth layer is K m  K  1 
of the area gets charge Q2. The electric field in the dielectric m
 . For a very large N(>10 ),
3
is E1 and that in the other partion is E2. Choose the correct  N
option/options, ignoring edge effects. (2014)
 K A 
the capacitance C is   0
 .The value of α will be
 d In2 

________.[ 0 is the permittivity of free space]

(2019)
10. Two capacitors with capacitance values C1 = 2000  10pF
and C 2 = 3000  15pF are connected in series. The voltage
E1 E1 1
(a) E  1 (b) E  K applied across this combination is V = 5.00  0.02 V . The
2 2 percentage error in the calculation of the energy stored
in this combination of capacitors is _______.
Q1 3 C 2K (2020)
(c) Q  K (d) C  K
2 1

8. A parallel plate capacitor having plates of area S and plate

separated d, has capacitance C 1 in air. When two
dielectrics of different relative primitivities (and
) are introduced between the two plates as shown in the
C2
figure, the capacitance becomes C2. The ratio C is
1
(2015)

(a) 6/5 (b) 5/3

(c) 7/5 (d) 7/3
 ANSWER KEY

Answer Key
CHAPTER -2 CAPACITANCE

EXERCISE - 1 : EXERCISE - 2 :
BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAIN QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d) 1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b)

5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c)
9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (2.40) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (b)
13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (c)
13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (b)
17. (d) 18. (13) 19. (b) 20. (c)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (c) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (d)
25. (40) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (d) 21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (b)
29. (c) 30. (d) 31. (b) 32. (b) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (a)
33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (b)
28. (4.00) Our Answer NTA Answer (36.00)
37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (d) 40. (b)
41. (b) 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (b) 29. (a) 30. (c) 31. (d) 32. (d)
45. (a) 46. (c) 47. (c) 48. (a) 33. (d) 34. (d) 35. (864.00) 36. (2.00)
49. (b) 50. (d) 51. (b) 52. (a) 37. (16.00) 38. (161.00) 39. (a)
53. (d) 54. (b) 55. (b)
ANSWER KEY

EXERCISE - 3 : EXERCISE - 4 :
ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTION PREVIOUS YEARS JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d)

5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (d) 5. (c) 6. (b,d) 7. (a,d) 8. (d)
9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (a) 9. (1.00) 10. (1.30)
13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c)
17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (c)
25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (5)
29. (5) 30. (2)

31. 
3 
V
K2

CK1K 2 K A
32. CR  n 2 where C  0
K 2  K1 K1 d

33. (1.50)
34. (3/5)
–9 –5
35. (i) CA = 2 × 10 F, UA = 1.21 × 10 J ;
–5 –5
(ii) W = 4.84 × 10 J ; (iii) U = 1.1 × 10 J
36. (b,c)
37. (a,c)
38. (a,c,d)
39. (a,d)
40. (b,d)
41. (a,c,d)
42. (A–S; B–Q; C–Q; D–P)
43. (A–S; B–S,R; C–P,Q; D–R,P)

0 AV  2AV
44. ,
d d