ROOT TO SUCCESS CLASS-XI (CBSE) BY: ANISH SIR P a g e | 62

CHAPTER – 9
STRAIGHT LINES
BASICS :

• General equation of a straight line : + + =0

Slope of a line (m) Y line

• =

O X

Where → angle made by the line with the positive direction of x-axis.

• = A

line

When line passes through the two points &

• = when equation of line is given.

e.g. Given equation of line 2 − 3 + 4 = 0 then = #

= 2/3

#
e.g. Line passes through the points % 1, 3 and ( 4, 2 then =) =
#

e.g. When line make angle 135+ with positive direction of x-axis. Then =
tan 135+ = tan 180 − 45 = − tan 45 = −1

• Slope pf x-axis = 0

• Slope of y-axis ∞ =
+

• When two lines are parallel them =

• When two lines are perpendicular them = −1 (or negative reciprocal)

e.g. If slope of a line is 3, then slope of another line which is ⊥2 to it is = −1/3

4 4
• Angle between two lines : tan =3 54 4
3 and another angle is 6 −

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• Collinearity of three points (using slopes) : (slope of AB = slope of BC)

• Slope of line is also called “GRADIENT” of a line

DIFFERENT FORMS OF EQUATION OF A LINE :

• Point – slope form : − = − where , is the point on the required

line
7
e.g. Line passes through a point 1, 2 and makes ) with positive direction of x-axis.

• Two point form : − = − where line passes through two points

, & ,

e.g. Equation of the line passing through two points 3, 1 & 5, 4

• Intercept form : Segment cut by the line O the X-axis and Y-axis measured from the
origin 9 + : = 1. Where → X-intercept and → Y-intercept
Y

O a X
line

e.g. Equation of a line having intercepts 2 and 3 on X-axis and Y-axis respectively

• Slope intercept form : ; = + where → Y-intercept, → slope of the line

e.g. Equation of a line having slope –2 and making intercept 4 on the y-axis

Point of intersection of two lines : Given two equations of lines solve the given equations
simultaneously and get values of x and y , is the point of intersection

<
<

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• Concurrent lines : Three lines are said to be concurrent if they pass through a
common point i.e. they intersect at one point.

< < <#

Condition :

If three lines are concurrent, the point of intersection of two lines will satisfy the equation
of the third line.

|9 5: 5?|
• Distance (⊥2 distance) of a point from a line : = = √9 5:

+ + =0
e.g. Find the distance between the line 12 − 5 + 9 = 0 and the point 2, 1 .

|? ? |
• Distance between parallel lines : = = √9
5:

e.g. Find the distance between the parallel lines 3 − 4 + 9 = 0 and

6 − 8 − 15 = 0

Q1. Line through the points −2, 6 and 4, 8 is perpendicular to the line through the points
8, 12 and , 24 . Find the value of ‘ ’.
Ans. = 4

Q2. What is the value of ‘y’ so that the line through 3, and 2, 7 is parallel to the line
through −1, 4 and 0, 6 ?
Ans. = 9

Q3. Find the value of for which the points , −1 , 2, 1 and 4, 5 are collinear.
Ans. = 1
9 :
Q4. If three points % ,0 ,( , and F 0, G linear line (collinear). Show that H ± J = 1.

Q5. Without using Pythagoras theorem, show that % 4, 4 , ( 3, 5 and F −1, −1 are the
vertices of a right angled triangle.
Ans. % = 90+

Q6. By using the concepts of slopes, show that the points −2, −1 , 4, 0 , 3, 3 and −3, 2
are the vertices of a parallelogram.

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Q7. The slope of a line is double of the slope of another line. If tangent of the angle between
them is #. Find the slopes of the lines.
Ans. 2, 1, −1 and −2
7
Q8. If the angle between two lines is ) and slope of one of the lines is . Find the slope of
other line.
Ans. = 3 = −1/3

Q9. Find the slope of the line which makes an angle of 30+ with the positive direction of Y-
axis measure anti-clockwise.
Ans. −√K y given
line 30+

120+

Q10. Find the angle between the x-axis and the line joining the points 3, −1 and 4, −2 .
Ans. = 135+

Q11. A quadrilateral has vertices 4, 1 , 1, 7 , −6, 0 and −1, 9 . Show that the mid points
of the sides of this quadrilateral forms a parallelogram.

Q12. A ray of light passing through the point 1, 2 reflects on the x-axis at point A and the
reflected ray passes through the point 5, 3 . Find the coordinates of A.
#
Ans. % L M , 0N

Q13. Find the equation of a line passing through the point 2, 2 and cutting off intercepts o
the axes whose sum is 9.

Q14. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of the lines
4 + 7 = 3 and 2 − 3 = 1 that has equal intercepts with axes.
Ans. 13 + 13 = 6

Q15. Find the equation of line that cuts off equal intercepts on the axes and passes through
the point 2, 3
Ans. + = 5

Q16. Find the equations of the lines which cut-off intercepts on the axes whose sum and
product are 1 and –6 respectively.
Ans. 2 − 3 = 6 and −3 + 2 = 6

Q17. A line perpendicular to the line segment joining the points 1, 0 and 2, 3 divide it in
the ratio 1: n. Find the equation of the line.
Ans. 11 +

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Q18. The perpendicular from the origin to a line meets it at the point −2, 9 . Find the
equation of the line.
Ans. 2 − 9 + 85 = 0

Q19. Find the equation of right bisector of the line segment joining the points 3, 4 and
−1, 2 .
Ans. 2 + = 5

Q20. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point −1, 3 to the line
3 − 4 − 16 = 0.

Q21. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the point 1, −2 on the
line 2 − + 1 = 0.
Ans. −1, −1

Q22. Show that the perpendicular drawn from the point 4, 1 on the line segment joining
6, 5 and 2, −1 divides it internally in the ratio 8 : 5.

Q23. The vertices of a triangle are % 10, 4 , ( −4, 9 and F −2, −1 . Find the equation of
its altitudes. Also find its ORTHOCENTRE.
Ans. −1, 9/5

Q24. Find the equation of altitudes of ∆%( % 7, −1 , ( −2, 8 and F 1, 2 . Also find
orthocentre.

Q25. The perpendicular from the origin to the line = + meets it at the point −1, 2 .
Find the value of m and c.
Ans. = 1 and = 5/2

Q26. Find the equations of the medians of a triangle formed by the lines + = 6,
− 3 = 2 and 5 − 3 + 2 = 0.
Ans. = 2, + 9 = 14 and 7 − 9 = 2

Q27. Assuming that straight lines work as a plane mirror for a point. Find the image of the
point in the line − 3 + 4 = 0.
R S
Ans. P′ L , N
M M

Q28. Find the image of point 3, 8 with respect to the line + 3 = 7.

Ans. −1, −4

Q29. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines = + , = + and
? ?
= 0 is |4 4 |
.

Q30. Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines − = 0; + = 0 and − G = 0.
Ans. G

Q31. Find the distance of the line 4 − = 0 from the point P 4, 1 measured along the line
making an angle of 135+ with positive x-axis.

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Ans. √18 = 3√2 units.

Q32. Find the distance of the line 4 + 7 + 5 = 0 from the point P 1, 2 along the line
2 − = 0.
#√M
Ans. U
units.

Q33. Two lines passing through the point 2, 3 intersects each other at an angle of 60+ . If
the slope of one line is 2. Find the equation of other line.
Ans. 0

Q34. Find the equation of the lines through the point 3, 2 which make an angle of 45+ with
the line − 2 = 3.
Ans. 3 − = 7 and + 3 = 9

Q35. Show that the equation of the line passing through the origin and making an angle
4±VWX Y
with the line = + is = ∓4 VWX Y.

Q36. Point [ ℎ, G divides a line segment between the axes in the ratio 1 : 2. Find the
equation of line.
Ans. H + J = 3

Q37. P , is the mid-point of a line segment between axes. Show that the equation of the
line is 9 + : = 2

Q38. Find the point on y-axis whose distance from the line # + ) = 1 is 4 units.
# U
Ans. L0, # N and L0, #
N

Q39. If ‘]’ is the length of perpendicular from the origin to the line whose intercepts on the
axes are ‘ ’ and ‘ ’. Show that = + .
^ 9 :

Q40. If p and q are the length of perpendicular from the origin to the lines
cos − sin = G cos 2 and sec + def = G respectively. Prove that
] + 4g = G .

Q41. In the ∆%(F with vertices % 2, 3 , ( 4, −1 and 1, 2 . Find the equation and length of
altitude from the vertex ‘%’
Ans. − + 1 = 0

Q42. Find the perpendicular distance from the origin to the line joining the point
cos , sin and cos h, sin h .
Y i
Ans. de L N

Q43. Prove that the product of the lengths of the perpendicular drawn from the points
j√ − , 0k and j−√ − , 0k to the line 9 cos + : sin = 1 is .

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Q44. Find the equation of the line which is equidistant from the parallel lines
9 + 6 − 7 = 0 and 3 + 2 + 6 = 0.
Ans. 18 + 12 + 11 = 0

Q45. Prove that the line 5 − 2 − 1 = 0 is mid-parallel to the lines 5 − 2 − 9 = 0 and

5 − 2 + 7 = 0.

Q46. Find all the points on + = 4 that lie at a unit distance from the line
4 + 3 − 10 = 0.
Ans. −7, 11 & 3, 1

Q47. A line is such that its segment between the lines 5 − + 4 = 0 and 3 + 4 = 4 is
bisected at the point 1, 5 obtain its equation.
Ans. 107 − 3 = 92

Q48. A person standing at the junction of two straight lines represented by the equations
2 − 3 + 4 = 0 and 3 + 4 − 5 = 0 wants to reach the path whose equation is
6 − 7 + 8 = 0 in the least time. Find the equation of the path that he should follow.
Ans. 119 + 102 = 125
7
Q49. Find the equation of the line through the point 0, 2 making an angle # with positive
x-axis. Also find the equation of line parallel to it and crossing the Y-axis at a distance of 2
units below the origin.
Ans. (i) √3 + − 2 = 0 (ii) √3 + + 2 = 0

Q50. Find the equation of a line parallel to Y-axis and drawn through the point of intersection
of the lines − 7 + 5 = 0 and 3 + = 0.
Ans. = −5l22

Q51. If the lines 2 + − 3 = 0, 5 + G − 3 = 0 and 3 − − 2 = 0 are concurrent (i.e.

intersect at one point). Find the value of ‘G’.
Ans. G = −2

Q52. Find the value of ‘]’ so that the three lines 3 + − 2 = 0; ] + 2 − 3 = 0 and
2 − − 3 = 0 may intersect at one point.
Ans. ] = 5

Q53. If the lines = 3 + 1 and 2 = + 3 are equally inclined to the line = + 4.

Find the value of ‘ ’.
±M√
Ans. = S

Q54. Find the values of ‘G’ for which the line G − 3 − 4−G + G − 7G + 6 = 0 is,

(i) parallel to X-axis

(ii) parallel to Y-axis
(iii) Passing through the origin.
Ans. (i) G = 3 (ii) G = ±2 (iii) G = 6 & G = 1

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Q55. Show that the path of a moving point such that its distance from two lines 3 − 2 = 5
and 3 + 2 = 5 are equal is a straight line.

Q56. If sum of the perpendicular distances of a variable point P , from the lines
+ − 5 = 0 and 3 − 2 + 7 = 0 is always 10. Show that P must moves on a line.

Q57. Find the equation of line drawn perpendicular to the line ) + R = 1 where it (given line)
meets the y-axis.
Ans. 2 − 3 = −18

Q58. A vertex of an equilateral triangle is 2, 3 and the opposite side is + = 2. Find the
equation of the other sides.

A 2, 3

60+ 60+
B C

Q59. A point moves such that its distance from the point 4, 0 is half that of its distance
from the line = 16. Find the locus of the point.

Q60. Show that the locus of the mid-point of the distance between the axes of the variable
line cos m + sin m = ] is + = ^ where p is constant.

Q61. Find the ratio in which the line 3 + 4 + 2 = 0 divides the distance between the lines
3 + 4 + 5 = 0 and 3 + 4 − 5 = 0.
Ans. 3 ∶ 7

Q62. Find the distance of the point of intersection of the lines 2 − 3 + 5 = 0 and
3 + 4 = 0 from the line 5 − 2 = 0.
#+
Ans. units
S√ o

Q63. The mid points of the sides of a triangle are 2, 1 , −5, 7 and −5, −5 . Find the
equation of the sides of the triangle.
Ans. 6 + 7 + 65 = 0

Q64. Show that the equation of a line passing through de # , ep # are perpendicular
to the line sec + def = is cos − ep = cos 2 .

ANISH SIR (M.Sc. Mathematics IIT DELHI) M : 9999886367