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Unit-V Auto Transformer

An autotransformer has a single winding that is common to both the primary and secondary circuits. It has at least three terminals with taps taken from the winding to obtain different turn ratios. In an autotransformer, the primary and secondary windings are magnetically and electrically connected, unlike a typical transformer where they are only magnetically coupled. Autotransformers can be used to step up or step down voltages depending on which part of the winding is used for primary and secondary. They have applications where small voltage changes are required.

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RAMESH BABU EEE
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403 views43 pages

Unit-V Auto Transformer

An autotransformer has a single winding that is common to both the primary and secondary circuits. It has at least three terminals with taps taken from the winding to obtain different turn ratios. In an autotransformer, the primary and secondary windings are magnetically and electrically connected, unlike a typical transformer where they are only magnetically coupled. Autotransformers can be used to step up or step down voltages depending on which part of the winding is used for primary and secondary. They have applications where small voltage changes are required.

Uploaded by

RAMESH BABU EEE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT V

AUTOTRANSFORMER AND THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER


What is an auto transformer?

An auto transformer is an electrical transformer having only one winding


which is common to both primary and secondary winding. The term Auto here
refers to that the voltage input variations will be automatically can be
improved or can be reduced utilizing the single winding.. The winding has at
least three terminals
Construction of Auto transformer
An auto transformer consists of a single copper wire, which is
common in both primary as well as secondary circuit. The
copper wire is wound a laminated silicon steel core, with at
least three tapings taken out. Secondary and primary circuit
share the same neutral point of the winding.

The construction is well explained in the diagram. Variable


turns ratio at secondary can be obtained by the tapings of
the winding (as shown in the figure), or by providing a
smooth sliding brush over the winding. Primary terminals
are fixed. Thus, in an auto transformer,, primary and
secondary windings are connected magnetically as well as
electrically.
Working principle of auto transformer

In an ordinary transformer, the primary and the secondary windings


are electrically insulated from each other but connected magnetically
as shown in the figure . Output voltage depends on the number of
turns in the primary and secondary winding.

Figure A: Ordinary Two Winding Transformer


While in auto transformer the primary and the secondary windings are connected magnetically as
well as electrically. In fact, a part of the single continuous winding is common to both primary and
secondary.

The primary winding AB from which a tapping


at C is taken, such that CB acts as a secondary
winding. The supply voltage is applied across
AB, and the load is connected across CB. The
tapping may be fixed or variable. When an AC
voltage V1 is applied across AB, an alternating
flux is set up in the core, as a result, an emf
E1 is induced in the winding AB. A part of this
induced emf is taken in the secondary circuit.
For a step-down autotransformer (V1 > V2), the connection is
made in such a way that the entire winding act as the primary
winding, and the secondary winding will be part of the primary
winding (but not equal to primary winding) i.e., N1 > N2.
For a step-up autotransformer (V1 < V2), here the whole winding will
be made as to the secondary side and the primary side will be part
of the secondary side (but not equal to the secondary side) as
shown below, i.e., N1 < N2.
There are two types of auto transformer based on the construction. In one type of
transformer, there is continuous winding with the taps brought out at convenient
points determined by the desired secondary voltage. However, in another type of
auto transformer, there are two or more distinct coils which are electrically
connected to form a continuous winding.
AB
A1
a1

a2
A2
B1
b1

b2
B2
C1
c1

c2
C2
A1
a1

A2 a2
B1
b1

B2 b2

C1 c1

C2 c2
Special type of connections (scott or T-T connection)

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