Ictm midterm 1

Medical Technology ((MLS))

L Problems faced by hospitals using the

traditional manual process includes:

• No real time data available to

monitor the performance of the
hospital
• Evidence based program management
was a challenge
• Undue delays in receipt of data
• Retrieval of old manual records was
ineffective and time consuming.
• Duplication of records
• Monthly reports sent as hard copy
which is a real challenge for data
analysis/comparison
• Drug inventory/equipment inventory
maintenance.
• Lack of standard names and code
• According to the Ministry of Health
(2010), Lesson Intended LeaOutcomes
(LILO):
HMIS was developed within the
framework of the following
concepts: THE INFORMATION IS:
 Relevant to the policies and goals of the
healthcare institution, and to the
responsibilities of the health
professionals at the level of collection.
 Functional; it is to be used immediately
for management and should not wait
for feedback from higher levels.
 Integrated; there is one set of forms
Health Management Information System and no duplication of reporting
(HMIS)  Collected on a routine basis from every
health unit. (ensure completeness)
 Is an information system specially
Three fundamental information-processing
designed to assist in the management
phases:
and planning of health programs, as
opposed to delivery of care (WHO,  Data Input - includes data acquisition
2014) and data verification.
 It is a data collection system specifically
 Data Management – also called
designed to support planning, processing phase includes data storage,
management, and decision making in data classification, data update, and
health facilities and organizations. data computation.
 Data Output - includes data retrieval
and data presentation.

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BASIC ELEMENTS OF HMIS
g

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 Eight Elements of the HMIS such data modification calls for
A. DATA INPUT constant monitoring.
1. Data Acquisition
• Generation and the collection of C. DATA OUTPUT
accurate, timely, and relevant 7. Data Retrieval
data. • Processes of data transfer and data
• Input of standard coded formats
(e.g., the use of bar codes) to distribution.
facilitate the rapid mechanical • Constrained by the time it takes to
reading and capturing of data. transmit the required data from the
2. Data Verification source to the appropriate end-user.
• Authentication and validation of 8. Data Presentation
gathered data. • Data presentation has to do with
• The quality of collected data how users interpret the information
depends largely on the authority,
validity, and reliability of the data produced by the system.
sources. • Summary tables and statistical
B. DATA MANAGEMENT reports may suffice in presentations.
3. Data Storage • The use of presentation graphics for
• Preservation and archival of data higher-level managerial decision
may be regarded as part of the analysis is particularly encouraged
data storage function. because these appear to provide a
• When accumulated data are no better intuitive feel of data trend.
longer actively used in the
system, a method to archive the
data for a certain period is
usually advisable and
4. Data Classification (aka Data
Organization)
• Critical function for increasing
the efficiency of the system
when the need arises to conduct
a data search.
• Most data classification schemes
are based on the use of certain
key parameters.
5. Data Computation
• Data manipulation and data
transformation, such as the use of
mathematical models, statistical and
probabilistic approaches, linear and
nonlinear transformation, and other
data analytic processes.
• Allows further data analysis, synthesis,
and evaluation so that data can be
used for strategic decision-making
purposes other than tactical and/or 6.1. Determinants of HMIS Performance Area
operational use.
6. Data Update The determinants which affect the HMIS
• New and changing information is performance may be Behavioral, Organizational
accounted for through the element of and Technical.
data update. The dynamic nature of

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 is used to develop and improve
the RHIS process.
 Having a system in place which support
data collection, analysis and transform
it to useful information will help in
promoting evidence-based decision
making. Thus, all components within
the system are ideal in making the RHIS
I. Behavioral determinants perform better.
• The data collector and users of
the HMIS need to have III. Technical determinants
confidence, motivation and  Technical factors involve the overall
competence to perform HMIS design used in the collection of
tasks in order to improve the the information.
Routine Health Information  it comprises the complexity of the
System (RHIS) process. reporting forms, the procedure set
• Lack of enough knowledge on forward in the collection of data, the
the use of data has been found to overall design of the computer
be a major drawback on the software used in the collection of
data quality and information information.
use. Motivating HMIS users
remains a challenge.
• Despite training on data collection
and data analysis, people are still
having negative attitude on the
data, and hence a lot needs to be
done to change people’s
behaviour, in order to increase the
performance of the (RHIS)
process (Routine Health
Information Network, 2003) PRISM Framework
II. Organizational determinants Performance of Routine Information System
Management (PRISM)

 Health - this conceptual framework broadens the

workers analysis of routine health information
and data systems to include the three key factors
collectors which were discussed previously:
work in 1. Behavioural determinants—
knowledge, skills, attitudes, values,
organizations’ environments which and motivation of the people who
have value, norms, culture and collect and use data.
practice.
2. Technical determinants — data
 The most important organizational
collection processes, systems,
factor which affects the RHIS
process is related to structure, forms, and methods.
resource, procedure, support 3. Organizational/environmental
services and the culture which determinants—Information culture,
structure, resources, roles, and

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 responsibilities of the health system
and key contributors at each level.

PRISM FRAMEWORK:
• Identifies the strengths
and weaknesses in certain
areas, as well as correlations
among areas.
• This assessment aids in
designing and prioritizing
interventions to improve
RHIS performance—which
in turn improves the
performance of the health
system.
• Defines the various
components of the routine
health information system
and their linkages to
produce better quality data
and continuous use of
information, leading to
better health system
performance and,
consequently, better
health outcomes

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