1 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PHILIPPINE can be considered as torture by modern

GOVERNMENT standards

The Barangay and the Sultanate ⚫ however, it must be noted that ancients did not
believe in endangering society by letting loose a
⚫ In early Philippine history, the barangay was a gang of thieves of recidivists who are incapable
complex sociopolitical unit which scholars have of reform
historically considered the dominant
organizational pattern among the various Legislation
peoples of the Philippine archipelago. The term,
⚫ before laws are made, the chief consults with a
barangay, refers to both a house on land and a
council of elders who approved of his plan
boat on water; containing families, friends and
dependents and is currently the basic political ⚫ they are not immediately enforced until the new
unit of the Philippines. legislation is announced to the village by the
umalohokan, who also explains the law to
Government
everyone
⚫ unit of government was the barangay, which
Judicial Process
consisted of from 30 to 100 families. The term
came from the Malay word balangay, meaning ⚫ disputes between individuals were settled by a
boat court made up of the village chief and the council
of elders; between barangays, a board made up
⚫ barangays were headed by chieftains called datu
of elders from neutral barangays acted as arbiter
⚫ the subjects served their chieftain during wars,
⚫ the accused and the accuser faced each other in
voyages, planting and harvest, and when his
front of the “court” with their respective
house needs to be built or repaired; they also
witnesses
paid tributes called buwis
⚫ both took an oath to tell the truth; most of the
⚫ the chief or datu was the chief executive, the
time, the one who presents the most witnesses
legislator, and the judge; he was also the
wins the case
supreme commander in times of war
⚫ if the losing party contests the decision, he is
⚫ alliances among barangays were common and
bound to lose in the end because the chief
these were formalized in a ritual called
always take the side of the winner
sanduguan
Trial by Ordeal
⚫ conflicts between or among barangays were
settled by violence; those who win by force is ⚫ to determine the innocence of an accused, he is
always right made to go through a number of ordeals which
he must pass
Laws
⚫ examples include dipping one’s hand in boiling
⚫ were either customary (handed down from
water, holding a lighted candle that must not be
generation to generation orally) or written
extinguished, plunging into a river and staying
(promulgated from time to time as necessity
underwater for as long as possible, chewing
arose)
uncooked rice and spitting, etc.
⚫ dealt with various subjects such as inheritance,
⚫ among the Ifugaos, ordeal by combat was
property rights, divorce, usury, family relations,
common, i.e. bultong (wrestling), alaw (duel)
divorce, adoption, loans, etc.

⚫ those found guilty of crimes were punished

either by fine or by death; some punishments
2 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

THE SPANISH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION DIVIDE AND RULE - Using people to fight their own
people, one fighting for his new master, while the other
(1565-1821) preserving his own independence.
The Philippines was a crown colony ruled by Spain FRAILOCRACY - The rule of the friars
through Mexico from 1565 to 1821, as such, Spain ruled
the Philippines with the help of the Council of the Indies, - This made the clergy, by way of the Royal Patronage,
created in 1524, which was an overseas ministry obtained certain political powers and privileges
governing the colonies of Spain. The head of the council
was the Viceroy of Mexico. ISOLATION POLICY - Prohibiting people from trading
with other Asian countries.
Spanish Institutions
-This policy is to ward off the expressed interests of other
POLO - The forced labor rendered by Filipinos to the colonial powers over the island.
government annually.
THE GOVERNOR GENERAL
FALLA - exemption fee for rendering forced labor.
▪ He was the King’s official representative in the
TRIBUTE – the tax called tributo, as a symbol of vassalage Philippines.
to Spain.
▪ He was vested with executive, legislative and judicial
BANDALA – system that caused a lot of hardships to the powers
Filipinos where products were sold compulsory to the
government. ▪ He also exercised religious and extraordinary powers
called cumplase.
ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM – a grant designed to reward
those persons who have rendered valuable services to EXECUTIVE POWER - He enforced Spanish laws and royal
the king of Spain. Those who were given encomienda decrees in the Philippines. He appointed all subordinate
were called “encomenderos”. officials including “alcaldes mayores” (provincial
governors).
In exchange to these privileges, the encomendero was
obliged by law to promote the welfare of his LEGISLATIVE POWER - He enacted and issued laws,
constituents. He must : regulations and decrees called superior decrees.

1. protect them from enemies (bandits and pirates), JUDICIAL POWER - He was the president or presiding
officer of the “Royal Audiencia” which was the supreme
2. assist the missionaries in propagating Christianity, court of the Philippines during the Spanish Era.

3. maintain peace and order, ECCLESIASTICAL POWER - He had the power to

recommend priests for appointment and intervene in
4. promote education, and to render humane treatment controversies between religious authorities.
among his subjects.
MILITARY POWER - The Governor General is also the
Three Classes of Encomienda commander in chief of the armed forces.
1. Royal Encomienda - those that were set aside for VETO POWER - He can overrule the royal decrees; called
the King of Spain “cumplace”.
2. Ecclesiastical Encomienda - those which were
assigned to the religious order From 1565-1898, a total of 122 governors general served
3. Private Encomienda - those who were given to the in the Philippines. Accordingly, there were more
Spaniards who helped in the conquest and undesirable governors who only exploited the Filipinos
colonization of the Philippines than serve them. There were, however, a few good men
who truly served well and are worthy to be remembered
by Filipinos.
3 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

DIRECT COMPLAINTS - Reports to the King by friars and

other officials.
The Three Most Remembered Spanish Governor-
Generals in Philippine History The Local Government

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi - (1565-1572) Spain instituted the centralized form of government. The
previously independent barangays became part of the
He was the first governor general of the Philippines. The unitary government.
governor general who desired that the Spaniards &
Filipinos will live together as one community. He is Philippines was divided into provinces consisting of two
remembered for his diplomacy with natives. types:

Jose Basco y Vargas - (1778-1787) ➢ Pacified – called alcaldia mayor headed by the
alcalde mayor
▪ He established Economic Society of the Friends of
the Country and the tobacco monopoly. ➢ Unpacified – called corregimentos, each under a
▪ He laid the foundation of agricultural progress of the corregidor
Philippines.
The city government was called ayuntamiento.
▪ He promoted the country’s economy.
ECCLESIASTICAL ORGANIZATION
Carlos Ma. De la Torre - (1869-1871)
The Diocese of Manila, the most powerful diocese in Asia
▪ He abolished press censorship. was canonically erected on February 6, 1579 by Pope
▪ He is the most liberal-minded governor. Gregory XII encompassing all of the Spanish colonies in
▪ He introduced reforms. Asia. The Diocese of Manila covered the whole Philippine
archipelago making the bishop of Manila at the top of
ecclesiastical hierarchy in the colony. The bishop was
CHECKS TO GUBERNATORIAL POWERS appointed by the pope upon the recommendation of the
King of Spain. The first bishop of Manila was Fr. Domingo
THE ROYAL AUDIENCIA - The Supreme Court during the de Salazar.
colonial period.
Some Filipino Heroes
 Categorized as the Supreme Court.
 Magalat led the Cagayan Revolt (1596)
 It was established in the Philippines by virtue of the
Royal Decree of May 5, 1583.  Francisco Sumoroy led the Samar Revolt (1649)

 Its first president was Governor General Santiago de  Tamblot & Bankaw led the religious revolt in Bohol
Vera. and Leyte

 It functions as an appeals court, hearing and deciding  Dagohoy led the 85 years of Boholano Revolt (1744-
civil and criminal cases. 1829)

 The Royal Audencia also performed non-judicial  Diego & Gabriela Silang led the Ilocos Revolt
functions such as doing consultation with the
 Hermano Pule led the Tagalog religious revolt (1840)
governor known as “real arcados”.
 Muslim resistance which lasted throughout the
entire period of colonization
RESIDENCIA - The office of the incoming governor
general investigating the acts of the outgoing governor
general and other officials.

VISITADOR - An investigative body sent by the king to

investigate colonial conditions.
4 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

PHIILIPPINE HISTORY: THE SPANISH PERIOD destruction of ancient writings, in their eagerness to
erase the previous cultural records of the Philippines,
The Discovery of the Philippines by Magelan, 1521 only the orally transmitted literature has survived.
It is Ferdinand Magellan who arrived in the Philippines to The Philippines were named after King Philip II of Spain.
head a Spanish expedition searching for the Spice Islands
in 1521. Magellan never completed the journey by Royal Audiencia - During the colonization of the
himself; he was then killed in an encounter with natives Spaniards in the Philippines they Centralized and form a
in the Philippines after having claimed the Philippines is government and Divided into two units; The Central
for Spain. government in which the King entrusted the colony to
the governor-general, who had the highest position in
Magelan Introduces Christianity in Cebu the government. The Royal Audiencia was the Supreme
Court of the Philippines.
Baptism of King Humabon and Queen Juana of Cebu
The Residencia and the Visitador were the special courts
The Battle of Mactan
that investigated on the conduct of the governor-general
However, Magellan’s plans to claim the whole of the and other highranking Spanish officials. Local
Philippines Islands for Spain encountered stiff resistance Government (provinces, cities, towns and barrios) The
from other natives, particularly from Lapu-Lapu, the provinces were divided into two; Alcaldia which
chieftain of neighboring Mactan Island. In what is known recognized Spain's possession over the land.
as the Battle of Mactan that was fought on April 27, 1521, Corregimiento where the people had not succumbed to
Magellan and his 100 soldiers fought Lapu-Lapu and his its ruling power. Ayuntamiento or the city government
1,000 warriors. Clearly outnumbered, Magellan and most was the center of the society, religion, culture and
of his soldiers were killed. business. The pueblo was governed by the
gobernadorcillo, the highest position for Filipino
The Spanish Colonization politicians and the Cabeza de Barangay governed the
barrios. During the Spanish regime, there was union of
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Spanish Colonization church and state; The governor-general had power over
the church. The friars, on the other hand, played a very
The Famous Blood Compact of Legazpi and Sikatuna in
important role in the government. The Archbishop was
Bohol
only the most powerful in the church. However, it
In 1565, when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi concluded seemed that the church exercised more power than the
treaties of friendship with the native chiefs or what we government and because of this; the government in the
called the datus. Spain’s primary aim and intention in the Philippines was called "Frailocracia," a government
Philippines was to spread their religion the Roman controlled by the friars
Catholicism.

REASON FOR COLONIZATION: 3 G’S

GOD – The conversion of natives to Christianity

GOLD – Accumulation of Gold or wealth

GLORY – Supremacy of Spain over Portugal as

superpower

Laguna Copperplate - Many missionary works in the

Philippines were pushed by the Spaniards, for them to
help the natives toward the advancement of education,
culture, and architecture. It was also at this point when
the Spanish missionaries tried to eliminate the ancient
written literature of the Filipinos. Because of the
5 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT They were scions of good families, highly intelligent,
educated, patriotic, and courageous, who symbolized
Factors the gave birth to Philippine Nationalism the flower of Filipino manhood.
▪ The influx of liberal ideas (from abroad) Marcelo H. Del Pilar
▪ The Spanish Revolution (1868)
▪ The opening of the Suez Canal (1869) A lawyer and a journalist
▪ THE MARTYRDOM OF FATHERS GOMEZ, BURGOS
AND ZAMORA Beloved by masses for his eloquent Tagalog and fearless
defense of the poor against friar abuses.
The Propaganda Movement -peaceful crusade or
campaign for reforms. Jose Rizal

- It was organized and participated by the illustrados. Physician-novelist and a many splendored genius.
- Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Graciano
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Lopez Jaena are the leaders of the said movement.
The greatest orator of the Propaganda Movement
Rise of the Propaganda Movement
Mariano Ponce
• It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were executed at the A medical student and a biographical writer.
Luneta.
• The Filipino exiles of 1872 and many patriotic
students abroad met in Hong Kong, Singapore,
Barcelona, Madrid, Paris, London and other foreign Other Propagandists
cities
• Work of promoting the welfare and happiness of the
fatherland.
• Aggressively but peacefully, by means of writing and
speeches, they crusaded for reforms to rectify the
evils of the Spanish colonial system.

Reforms desired by the Propaganda Movement

1. Equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before the

laws.
2. Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province
of Spain.
3. Restoration of the Philippine representation in the
Spanish Cortes
4. Filipinization of the Philippine parishes and expulsion
of the friars.
5. Human rights for Filipinos, such as freedom of
speech, freedom of the press, and freedom to meet
and petition for redress of grievances.

The Propagandists –
Foreign Friends of the Propaganda Movement
Were patriots who waged their movement by means of
pen and tongue to expose the defects of Spanish rule in • Foreigners who were lovers of freedom and justice.
the Philippines and the urgency of reforms to remedy • Supported the Filipinos’ campaign for reforms
them.
6 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

o meddling in the movement

o enriching themselves contrary to their
monastic vow of poverty
o opposing the teaching of the Spanish
language to the Filipinos
o keeping the Philippines in obscurantism

Result:

The powerful friars avenged themselves by persecuting

the leaders and signers of the manifesto, having them
arrested and thrown into prison.

but the patriotic demonstrators were pardoned in 1889

as an amnesty was issued by the Spanish Queen Regent.

La Solidaridad, Organ of the Propaganda Movement

• a newspeaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in

Barcelona on February 15, 1889.
• La Solidaridad was created due to reality that mass
media is important in propagating the Propaganda
objectives.
• La Solidaridad was printed in Barcellona (Feb. 15-Oct.
31, 1889)

Madrid (Nov. 15- NOv 15, 1895)

• On Dec. 15, 1889, M.H. del Pilar replaced G.L. Jaena

as its editor.

Aims of La Solidaridad (froom Jaena's Editorial)

1. to portray vividly the deplorable cndition of the

Philippines
The Anti-Friar Manifesto of 1888 2. to work peacefully for the political and social
reforms,
• Happened on March 1, 1888 3. to combat the evilforces of medievalism and
• The anti-friar demonstration of hundred of FIlipino reaction.
• Led by: Doroteo COrtes, Manila - patriotic lawyer 4. to advocate liberal ideas and progress
• Assisted by: M.H. del Pilar and Jose A. Ramos - a 5. to champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino
London-educated rich merchant; leading Masonic people for democracy and happiness.
leader
Contributors of La Solidaridad
• It requested the expulsion of the friars from the
Philippines. 1. M.H. del Pilar (Plariel)
• Submission of an anti-friar manifesto to acting Civil 2. Fr. Jose RIzal (Laon Laan)
Gov. Jose Centeno addressed to Queen Regent 3. Mariano Ponce(Tigbalang)
MAria Christina. 4. Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
• Titled: "Long Live the Queen! Long Live the Army! 5. Jose Ma. Panganiban (Jomapa)
Down with the Friars!" 6. Dr. Pedro Paterno
• May be written either by M.H. del Pilar or Jose A. 7. Anonio Ma. Regidor
Ramos 8. Isabelo delos Reyes
• It denounced the anti-Filipino Archbishop, Pedro 9. Eduardo de Lete
Payo, and the bad friars for: 10. Jose Alejandrino
7 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

11. Professor Blumintritt

12. Dr. Morayta

La Solidaridad, Organ of the Propaganda Movement

"We are persuaded that there are no sacrifices that are

too little to win the rights and the liberty oa a nation is
oppressed by slavery"

(M.H. del Pilar's farewell editorial)

• The publication ended on Nov. 15, 1895 after an

existence of seven years.

Literature of the Propaganda Movement

Despite its political spirit, the propaganda movement

produced certain meritorious literary works which
contributed to the blossoming of the Filipino literature.

Masonry and the Propaganda Movement

Many Filipino patriots became masons (del Pilar, Jaena,

Rizal, Ponce) because they needed the help of the
masons in Spain and in other foreign countries for their
fight for reforms.

Revolucion - 1 st Filipino Masonic lodge founded by

Jaena in Barcelona

- recognized on April 1889 by Grande Oriental Español

headed by Don Miguel Morayta

- died out on Nov. 29, 1890 after Lopez Jaena resigned as

worshipful master.

Lodge Soidaridad - organized by M.H. del Pilar and Julio

Llorante in Madrid

- recognized on May 1890 by Grande Oriental Español

- Llorante (Worshipful Master)

- prospered so it was joined in by other Filipinos (Rizal,

Pedro Serrano Baldomero Roxas, Galicano Apacible, etc.)

Lodge Nilad - 1 st Filipino Masonic lodge - founded by

Serrano Laktaw in Manila on January 6, 1892.
8 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

- Filipino Masonic lodges in Spain and in Philippines Jose A. Dizon , Domingo Franco , Timoteo Paez, Arcadio
raised the needed funds to finance the campaign for del Rosario, Numeriano Andriano , Timoteo Lanuza
reforms in Spain
▪ However, three days after the founding of Liga
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina (Hispano-Filipino Filipina, Rizal was arrested by order of Governor
Association) General Despujol
▪ On July 6, 1892, Rizal was exiled to Dapitan-known to
Purpose: secure reforms for the Philippines
be the Liga Filipina’s collapse.
President: Don Miguel Morayta

V-president: Gen. Felipe dela Corte

END OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
Secretary: Dominador Gomez
▪ Rizal’s arrest to Dapitan marks the end of the
Members: all Filipinos in Europe, prominent scholars, Propaganda movement.
statesmen of other nationalities. ▪ Radical members like Andres Bonifacio separated
from the movement, believing that it was useless to
3 Sections: expect reforms from the Spaniards.

1. Political Section (M.H. del Pilar) Los Compromisarios - a group organized in purpose of
2. Literary Section (M. Ponce) prolonging the movement
3. Recreation Section (Tomas Arejola)
Each member promised to contribute financially to aid
the Propaganda movement in Spain.

• The members met once a month to discuss Among the active members were:
Philippine-Spanish questions.
• They drew up petitions and passed resolutions. • Apolinario Mabini

La Liga Filipina (Philippine League) • Domingo Franco

“Unus Instar Omnium” = “One Like All” (motto) • Numeriano Andriano

Aims: • Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

1. Union of the Archipelago into a compact, • Timoteo Paez (..etc...)

vigorous, and homogeneous body. For some months, the Compromisarios sent funds to
2. Mutual protection in all cases of pressing M.H. del Pilar in Madrid for the continued printing of La
necessity. Solidaridad.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and Later, many members stopped paying their contributions
commerce. so that the flow of funds to Spain ceased.
5. Study and application of reforms.
▪ For lack of funds, La Solidaridad died out after its last
President: Ambrosio Salvador issue on November 15, 1895.
▪ With the demise of the La Solidaridad, the
Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa Propaganda Movement consequently ended.
Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo ▪ The Propaganda Movement failed, but the ideas of
freedom and justice which it sowed paved the
Secretary: Deodato Arellano ground for the Philippine Revolution that the
Katipunan and Andres Bonifacio began in the hills of
Members: Andress Bonifacio, Apolinario Mabini, Balintawak in August 1896.
Mamerto Natividad, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista,
Moises Salvador
9 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

THE BIOGRAPHY OF ANDRES BONIFACIO ▪ KKK – a secret society whose members were anti-
Spanish Filipino who believed that freedom can only
Andres Bonifacio y de Castro (Andres Bonifacio) be obtained through armed revolution
Born: November 30, 1863 in Tondo, Manila Three Objectives of the Katipunan
Father: Santiago Bonifacio, a tailor; served as teniente 1. Political - working for the separation of the
mayor Philippines from Spain.
2. Moral - teaching of good manners, hygiene, good
Mother: Catalina de Castro, a mestiza of Spanish descent;
morals, and attacking dogmatism, religious
a cigarette factory worker
fanaticism, and weakness of character.
Eldest child 3. Civic aim - revolved around the principle of self-help
and the defense of the poor and the oppressed.
Brothers: Ciriaco, Procopio, and Troadio
▪ Bonifacio used the pseudonym May pag-asa ("There
Sisters: Espiridonia and Maxima is Hope").
▪ When membership was extended to females,
Work and Education
Bonifacio's wife Gregoria de Jesús was one of the
▪ Educated in Tondo leading members.
▪ Dropped out of school when he became orphaned at ▪ Bonifacio was a member of and eventually became
the age of 14 the head of the Katipunan Supreme Council.
▪ Self-educated man ▪ Developed close friendship with Emilio Jacinto who
▪ Read the following books: La Historia de la served as his adviser and confidant, as well as a
Revolucion Francesa, Noli Me Tangere, El member of the Supreme Council
Filibusterismo, Les Miserables, Kodigo Penal at Sibil, ▪ Wrote “Mga Katungkulang Gagawin ng Anak ng Z. LL.
Buhay ng mga Panguno ng Estados Unidos B.” (The Decalogue)
▪ Supported himself and his siblings by selling canes ▪ Tagalog was the language used by the Katipuneros
and paper fans ▪ Kalayaan – official organ and newspaper
▪ Worked as a messenger and later on became a sales ▪ August 1896 – Bonifacio reorganized the Katipunan
agent at Fleming and Company; into a de facto Revolutionary Government
▪ Worked as a warehouseman at Fresell and Company ▪ Friction developed between Magdiwang and
Magdalo group in Cavite
Married Life ▪ Emilio Aguinaldo won as president
▪ Bonifacio and brother Procopio were arrested and
First wife: Monica, died of leprosy tried and convicted for sedition and treason
Second wife: Gregoria de Jesus Death of Bonifacio
– Married in 1893 ▪ Death sentence was reduced to exile but was later
reinstated
– Roman Catholic rites
▪ Bonifacio and Procopio were brought to Mt. Tala by
– Before the freemasons Maj. Lazaro Makapagal
▪ the Bonifacio brothers were shot on May 10, 1897
– Son Andres died of small pox and buried in a shallow grave marked only by a few
twigs and leaves.
KATAASTAASANG, KAGALANGGALANGAN,
KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN Bonifacio as a Hero

Bonifacio and the Katipunan Andrés Bonifacio, along with José Rizal, is one of only two
implied national heroes of the Philippines.
▪ Bonifacio was a member of Rizal’s La Liga Filipina
▪ Bonifacio formed the Katipunan on July 7, 1892 after implied recognition of being national heroes because
Rizal was banished to Dapitan they both have national holidays in their honor:
10 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

Bonifacio Day on November 30, and Rizal Day on

December 30.

Bonifacio Monument

Left: Andres Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City

Right: Andres Bonifacio Monument in the City of Manila

Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro Literary Contributions

Poems

✓ Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas (The Last Appeal of the

Philippines)
✓ Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
✓ Tapunan ng Lingap
✓ Ang mga Cazadores
✓ Huling Paalam ni Dr. Jose Rizal (Salin ng Mi Ultimo
Adios ni Gat Andres Bonifacio )

Works and Contribution

A moro-moro actor

One of the greatest motivational writers and speakers of

his generation

He also wrote about how the Filipinos were tortured by

the Spaniards.
11 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

THE DISCOVERIES AND CONQUEST Difficulties along the way:

The remarkable changes brought about by the 15th and 1. A mutiny was staged while anchored in Port San Julian
16th century, as an aftermath of renaissance and
reformation, paved the way in shaping European society 2. San Antonio deserted and sailed back to Spain
and culture and the opening of the world to European
expeditions. 3. Lack of food, water, and medicine

European demands for Oriental products like gold, silver,

sugar, milk, silk and spices.
▪ March 16, 1521
The European Exploration (1450-1650) ▪ Island of Sails
▪ Christopher Columbus 1492 ▪ Islas de Ladrones
▪ Juan Ponce de Leon 1508 ▪ March 17,1521
▪ Vasco Nunez de Balboa 1513 ▪ March 18, 1521
▪ Raj Kolambu
Pope Alexander VI
▪ March 31, 1521
• issued the Papal Bull, 1493 ▪ Archipelago of Saint Lazarus
▪ April 7, 1521
• west and south of the Azores and the Cape Verde Island
should belong to Spain ▪ Rajah Humabon
▪ Holy Child
Treaty of Tordesillas and Treaty of Saragossa
Significance of Magellan’s Expedition
The Treaties of Tordesillas and Saragossa in 1494 and
1529 defined the limits of westward Spanish exploration • Proved that the Earth is round.
and the eastern ventures of Portugal. The two states
• SEA ROUTE
acting as the vanguard of the expansion of Europe had
thus divided the newly discovered sea lanes of the world • Realization to the vastness of the Pacific Ocean
between them.
• Existence of the beautiful Philippines
Magellan’s Expedition
Other Expedition
Amerigo Vespucci – The Explorer of America
▪ Loaisa
Ferdinand Magellan – a Portuguese explorer who ▪ Sebastian Cabot
organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from ▪ Saavedra, 1527
1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of ▪ Roy Lopez de Villalobos, 1542
the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano ▪ Las Islas Filipinas
▪ King Charles II of Spain
▪ Atlantic to the South Pacific
▪ Cosmographer Rui de Faleiro THE LEGAZPI EXPEDITION
▪ The fleet was composed of five ships: - The flagship
Trinidad - Santiago - Concepcion - San Antonio - ▪ Luis de Velasco – viceroy of Mexico
Victoria ▪ Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
▪ September 20, 1519 ▪ Fr. Andres de Urdaneta – chief navigator
▪ Antonio Pigafetta ▪ 1565 • Sikatana and Sigala of Bohol
▪ Father Pedro de Valderrama ▪ City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus
▪ 1570
▪ Martin de Goiti
12 BONIFACIO AND KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

▪ Juan de Salcedo
▪ Rajah Sulayman
▪ 1571 – Legazpi prepared a bigger expedition in
Manila
▪ Adelantado
▪ Distinguished and Ever Loyal City