Final: 25 Years Female 28/07/2021 11:48 28/07/2021 11:48 29/07/2021 11:48
Final: 25 Years Female 28/07/2021 11:48 28/07/2021 11:48 29/07/2021 11:48
Final: 25 Years Female 28/07/2021 11:48 28/07/2021 11:48 29/07/2021 11:48
Passport No : :
SEROLOGY
WIDAL TEST, SERUM
Interpretation(s)
WIDAL TEST, SERUM-
The Widal agglutination test is used for diagnosing Enteric Fever. The term enteric fever includes typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C.
Though enteric fever is endemic in all parts of India, S.paratyphi C infections are uncommon and are not included in Widal testing.
Test Utility:
The Widal test measures the antibodies against the 'H' (flagellar) & 'O' (somatic) antigens of typhoid and paratyphoid(A & B) bacilli ,in the patients sera. The test is performed
in serially increasing dilutions.
- Diagnostic titre of Widal test varies highly between different geographical locations. It depends upon the baseline titre prevalent amongst the healthy individuals in that
geographical area, which in turn is influenced by endemicity of typhoid in that region.
- The titre of the Widal test will depend on the stage of the disease. Antibodies usually appear by the beginning of second week of infection. Hence blood taken earlier may
give a negative result. The titre increases steadily till the 3rd or 4th week after which it declines gradually.
- Cases treated early with antibiotics may show a poor antibody response.
- A single Widal test is of little clinical relevance due to the number of cross reacting infections,including malaria,tuberculosis, pneumonia, amoebiasis, rickettsial disease,
Rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis B. A fourfold increase in the titer in paired sera in the course of the infection would be consistent with a typhoid infection.
- Persons who have suffered from enteric fever in the past may show agglutinins in moderate titre ,even when suffering from other unrelated illness. Such anamnestic
appearance may be differentitated by repeat testing after 7-10 days. Anamnestic response will show only a transient rise, while in enteric fever the rise will be sustained.
- TAB vaccinated patients may show a moderate rise in the titres against all three ‘H’, ‘AH’ & ‘BH’ antigens.
**End Of Report**
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DIAGNOSTIC REPORT
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