See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/352509036

Study On Press Mud

Article · June 2021

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4980659

CITATIONS READS

0 3,546

4 authors:

Pavan M L Vishwas K M
Reva University Reva University
3 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION 2 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Hemanth Kumar M Sachin Karirayanagoudar

Reva University Reva University
2 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION 1 PUBLICATION 0 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Pavan M L on 18 June 2021.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 7 Issue 3, June 2021

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Study On Press Mud

Pavan M L , Vishwas K M2, Hemanth Kumar M3, Sachin Karirayanagoudar4
1
1,2,3,4 Undergraduate Students, School of Civil Engineering, Reva University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Email : [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]

Abstract:
Nowadays, we use fossil fuels fuels for electricity, heat for our homes and fuel for vehicles. We are using them faster
than they are created. Finally, they are going to end. Today, there is an urgent need to find another source to fossil fuels
since fossil fuels are vanishing. Therefore, we need to discover another source of energy. This article leads us to notice
that Press Mud, a waste from sugar cane, can be utilized for the production of bio-gas. The sugar industry produces a
huge amount of waste that is organic and nutrients rich in nature. Sugar cane Press Mud, have a high potential for the
production of renewable energy through the anaerobic digestion process. In order to obtain bio-gas from the mud, press
mud is anaerobically fermented in an anaerobic digester for 3 to 4 hours at 35 to 40˚C.As India Stands second largest
producer of sugarcane, this can play important role in India
Keywords — Press Mud, BioCNG, Biogas, Anaerobic digestion

I. INTRODUCTION
root of the bio-gas and to be thrown out like the
Energy, plays an important role in ensuring the trash. A little bit of the sugar factories of the use of
security of the country, which is the fuel that drives it in order to make it to the compost. However,
the economy. Energy remains practical, in order to compost along with all its benefits, there are also
make use of oil, coal, and natural gas, but they are some disadvantages associated with it. It increases
limited, and once they are used all the time, and the oxygen content of the soil. The resulting biogas
quickly, they take a long time. India is highly can be recycled for many purposes, such as fuel, for
dependent on agriculture for their main sector of the kitchen, replaced the liquid, gas, fuel, food,
the economy, generating income and jobs. The vehicles, etc, waste that remains after the extraction
most important crops are able to produce sugar for of the bio-gas from the press mud can also be
industrial quantities, is the sugar-cane. The sugar manage as a fertilizer.. Press Mud consists of
cane is grown mainly for the production of sugar. hydrocarbons, sugar, and other components and the
India is the second largest producer of sugar. relationship between carbon and nitrogen (C/N) is
currently, sugarcane grown in more than 110 about 10:20; these characteristics are considered
countries. Sugarcane is grown mainly for sugar significantly more attractive for, to get the bio-
production. India is the largest producer of sugar. energy by the anaerobic fermentation process.
Press Mud also known as a filter cake is a solid
waste that is produced when the sugar cane juice is II. PRESS MUD
made clear before, it is a highly concentrated and The Press Mud, the sugar-cane residue in the
the sugar crystallizes. It is a soft, spongy, light, and purification of the juice of the sugar cane. The
the amorphous material is of a dark brown or black precision of this process, to divide the juice and
in color. Because of the sugars and other organic clear juice, as it rises to the surface, and is made out
components it makes unpleasant smell, which of mud builds up on the bottom. It is then to be
causes the degradation of the environment. The filtered in order to separate the suspended
Press Mud to be used as a fuel in many places. The substance that is not soluble salts, and the fine
press mud is high in methane, which is the main bagasse. For every 100 tons of crushed sugarcane,

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 139

 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 7 Issue 3, June 2021
we get about 3 tons of press mud. It is estimated Its usefulness as fertilizer is assumed on the
that 2.7 million tons of mud is produced in our nutrient content of the mud as shown below
country every year and it is that economic soil most
reclaims the red loamy soil. India annually Table 3: Nutrient content of press mud
produces about 10-12 million tons of press mud.
COMPOSITION PRESS MUD%
Press mud traditionally is used as manure through
bio-compost process by spraying spent wash on Nitrogen 1.15-3.0
press mud.Existing ways to dispose of mud are Phosphorus 0.60-3.50
unsuitable for the economy and pollute the Potassium 0.30-1.80
environment. As it carry a reasonable amount of
easily digestible organisms has excellent potential
for biogas production. In excess, the crushed slurry
can be utilized as superior quality Fertilizer.
Eventhough there are some biogas plants, which
are active but their effectiveness is unsatisfactory
due to the exist of wax and the issue of brisk
acidification.

Typical composition and characteristics of press-

mud

Table 1. Press-mud Composition

Fig. 1.Formation of press mud in sugar mill

III. PRESS MUD DIGESTER: CSTR REACTOR

COMPOUND PERCENTAGE(%)
Cellulose 11.4
Hemi cellulose 10.0 The Press Mud digester works on a collection-
Lignin 9.3 flow-process. It is directed to the digester with
Protein 15.5 presence of a pump, many times a day. In addition,
Wax 8.4 reused and treated water from the plant is added to
Sugar 5.7 those compounds. The existing sludge is drawn in
Sodium 0.22 the two digesters, which are defined at a given level,
which is controlled by the control culture, and are, in
Table 2.Press-mud Characteristics general, are managed by a PLC. The boiler is fully
mixed, high, quality of the water, a stirrer, and it is
PARAMETER AVERAGE VALUE
(%)
going to be used in the mesophilic temperature range
Moisture 76.3 (-40 ° C). This combination results in a stable
Volatile Matter 76.6 process with a good homogenization effect, and the
Sugars 6.4 less effort required, depending on the local needs of
Wax 7.2 the digester volume. The biogas plant must be
C/N ratio 14 designed for at least manual operations. Because
daily quantity of waste to be disposed of, it is a well-
The press mud itself from the factory, carries 71% known fact, that the plant is designed to operate
moisture, 9% ash, 20% - solids, which contain 74 automatically. The day to day operations in response
- 75% manure.There is a lot of methane in the to the locks and the adjustment for changes in
sugar syrup. conditions of the work is to be done manually with
the help of a special power, control, and
representation of the cars. The design is dynamic,

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 140

 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 7 Issue 3, June 2021
and there are a lot of efficient control is required. and have sand removed as needed. The raw
This is a green plant that can be used by less-skilled feedstock will be heated and homogenized for
workers, with a simple and intuitive test of the digester injection. This allows the CSTR to process
technology. feedstocks with high ammonia content.
The system consists of a series of inter-connected
components consisting of four elements: digesters, a Maximized Biogas Production
gas management system, a port for waste, or slurry, Each digester vessel is equipped with one two-layer
and a biogas purification and compression unit for propeller to ensure complete mixing and sufficient
converting biogas into bio CNG or electricity, and heat & mass transfer to avoid fermentation dead-
small components such as connectors, pumps, solid zone and local acidification. The digesters are
feeder, and valve. biogas plant is to be controlled by designed to work in series (two-stage) with one
a central computer, a PLC and a SCADA system in another to prevent short-circuit flow of feedstock.
order to maintain safety and to ensure the ongoing
performance, in order to achieve a high biogas Operational Efficiency
yield.Each day, a portion of the treated feedstock With a life cycle of 30 years, the vessels are designed
becomes slurry and shall be pumped into a nearby to reduce solid settling, minimize operation &
storage lagoon. This slurry shall be separated into maintenance costs, and maximize uptime while
solid and liquid manure. expecting 5 years between digester internal cleaning
Solid manure will be dried on land and excess liquid and inspections under typical operation.
component shall be sprayed on the rows of solid
component before further drying and bagging. Solids IV. PRESS MUD TO BIO CNG
and water are stored inside Bio Digesters to Step 1: Converting Natural Waste to Biogas
decompose in Volatile Solids. The digester will Waste, waste decomposition, or feedstock
release impurities after the digestion of the required (pressmud), enters the system during the anaerobic
HRT. Out of some effluent will be recirculated with process bacteria are used to boil waste and produce
the next day‟s feed material whereas some part can biogas a natural gas . Sometimes a day, trash, clean
easily sold as the liquid fertilizer after evaporation as water and reused water (more than 30% recycled
well as transit losses. water during plant operations) is digested, which is
Each and every day fills up about 4% to 5% of the used for the analysis of raw materials, and, in the end,
solids in the liquid. The dried solids from slurry the conversion of biogas rich in methane, along with
eliminated with a solid liquid separator. which uses carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide.
simple-to-screw-in-process for the production of
high-pressure and provides a high level of separation
of the solids.Liquid in liquid separator will contain
approximately 1.5% TS. The separated liquid can be
used to control the day to day water content of the
anaerobic digestion.
Press Mud continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR)
is the economical low solids biogas technology
option that provides efficient biogas production on a
reduced footprint. The CSTR is most suitable for
agricultural or industrial applications with high flow
rates for waste.
Waste Conditioning and High Loading
The complete design for agricultural plants includes
a feedstock conditioning phase in order to maximize
the efficiency of the biogas plant. During this
conditioning phase, the substrate will be hydrolyzed Fig. 2. Biogas / Bio Cng plant

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 141

 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 7 Issue 3, June 2021
Step 2: Biogas Conversion to Bio-CNG nitrogen in the air and eliminate soluble phosphates
The biogas generates approximately 60% to 70% and potash chemicals and make them available to
methane and 30% to 40% reduction in carbon LBFs on healthy shelves for at least one year, has no
dioxide emissions, and that a certain amount of health risks for productive workers and is easy to
hydrogen sulfide. The biogas produced will be transport. In addition, LBF can be used for irrigation
enhanced by the release of carbon dioxide, and and as part of organic farming. Bio Fertilizer is
hydrogen sulfide gas in the air. The result of this is a broadly divided into three categories such as
gas rich in methane. On the basis of the application Nitrogen Fixing, Phosphate Propagation, and
of functions, in bottles with plants, methane, and Organic Matter Decomposers and are therefore more
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, it will be under friendly than chemical fertilizers.
enormous pressure in the cylinder. These can then be
used in an industrial processes, such as that of V. . BENEFITS OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM
gasoline engines, generators, and other heating PRESS MUD
purposes. With a combination of a unit of heat-and-
Biogas is an attractive renewable energy which has
power on to the stage, the power generation has also
become a critical part of alternative energy plans
been active.Some of the temperatures of the CHP
for both industry leaders and legislative bodies. It
unit is used for the operation of the geothermal heat.
directly replaces fossil fuels and can do so as a
baseload energy source, unlike solar or wind which
is intermittent, and with distributed generation,
which lowers the overall cost of energy and raises
reliability. Recycling organic wastes such as
manure, food waste, and green waste by sending it
to an anaerobic digester generates environmental,
economic, and agronomic benefits.
Fig. 3. Inside Bio Cng Plant
Environmental Benefits

Anaerobic digestion and subsequent waste

treatment reduce the impact on air pollution by
capturing greenhouse gases like methane and
dramatically reducing odor, and water pollution by
stabilizing nutrients while reducing the volume of
land-applied material by concentrating nutrients.

Economic Benefits
Fig. 4. Inside Bio gas Plant
Energy offtake opportunities such as power
Step 3: Use andStorage of Organic Manure / Soil
purchase agreements or carbon credits programs
Conditioner
create revenue streams where previously there
The solid non-digestible residue comes out of the
were costs to treat waste. These projects can also
mill of the liquid-type mud. The liquid slurry is
create jobs and improve infrastructure in rural
processed through a separator where the solid (dry)
areas.
is separated and sold as a soil spray. Drinks from the
separation process are sold to local farmers and some Agronomic Benefits
are stored in a nearby storage pool and eventually
returned to digesters via feedstock at the starting of Anaerobic digestion can provide reductions in
the anaerobic digestion process. suspension pathogen level in land-applied waste. Digestion is
containing active microorganisms, which fix an efficient process allowing for faster recovery

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 142

 International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 7 Issue 3, June 2021
and recycling of NPK, which can increase crop REFERENCES
yield. 1. M. A. Rouf, P. K. Bajpai and C. K. Jotshi,
Optimization of Biogas Generation, Bangladesh journal
of Sci. Ind. Res., 2010.
VI. CONCLUSION
2. Malik SJ, Gunjal BB, Kasulla S. Study of Upgradation
Press mud hold ~ 77% Volatile solids, which is Technologies to treat biogas from spent wash to BioCNG.
naturally perishable, and a adequate amount of 64th DSTA Annual Convention, Gandhinagar. 2018
nitrogen This creates it an excellent bioenergy
(methane) for anaerobic biomethanation. One of 3. Malik SJ, Gunjal BB, Kasulla S, Gunjal AB. Spentwash
and Pressmud to BioCNG – An Overview. Bioenergy from
the most important environmental problems the Sugar Industry – A way forward for sustainability,
world faces is waste management. The current Nijalingappa Sugar Institute, Belagavi. 2019.
emphasis is on reducing waste and revenue from
product acquisition. It is a challenge to create a 4. Biogas from Press Mud. Author: Karan M. Agrawal, B. R.
national market for Bio CNG made in our country, Barve, Shareena S. Khan.
with a limited national grid gas grid and 5. Sundaranayagi S, Sirajunnisa A, Ramasamy V.
demonstrate the power of pyrolysis; bio-char Production of biogas by anaerobic digestion of press
production (Press Mud); with essential chemicals mud using iron, cobalt and nickel. IndianJ Sci Res.2017
such as toluene, carboxylic acid, alkanes, and
alkenes (press mud and extract sludge); and
aliphatic, fragrant phenols, and ketone (powder
vinasse). The mud comes out from digester is best
fertilizer compression mud utilized with further
substances to increase performance. Further uses
are that which has no air contamination, reduced
trash, variable control of biogas etcApart from
benefits, there are some obstructions as it craves
that the temperature be uphold at 40˚C and the same
mobilization effort is mandatory.

Applications of this Article are as follows

1) It can implement on LPG-owned company
which is a burning need now-days.
2) It can be apt to generate electricity.
3) Other fuel in IC engines etc

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 143

View publication stats