Line distance protection REL670

Exercise 5 - Distance protection

Communication scheme PO

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 Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

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ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås
Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation

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Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

Distance protection communication scheme PO

On completion of this exercise you should be able to

 Understand the permissive overreaching communication scheme for distance protection
 Understand the logic for weak-end infeed
 Correctly set the parameters for the communication scheme and weak-end infeed
 Perform relay tests to verify the correct functionality of the communication scheme

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 Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

The permissive overreaching scheme in REL670-A32

In REL670-A32 the permissive overreaching communication scheme is engineered in this way:

- the carrier send signal is sent from the starting signal of zone 2
- the communication trip is issued by reception of the carrier receive signal together with starting signal
from zone 2.

The carrier receive signal is expected at the binary input of REL670.

The weak-infeed logic, associated to this scheme, is engineered in this way:

- echo carrier is sent if a carrier is received but no fault is locally detected

- local trip can be issued, after that the echo-carrier has been sent, but it is always associated with
undervoltage detection.

In this section we will correctly set the REL670 to perform the permissive overreaching communication scheme
(PO) and will test the correct functionality. Weak-infeed logic will also be tested.

The function blocks managing the communication scheme ZCPSCH and ZCRWPSCH are already engineered in
the REL670-A32 and they only need to be correctly set.

Relay settings

Distance protection settings are the same as for the previous exercise.

1. Prepare the settings for ZCPSCH

ZCPSCH is the function block managing the main logic necessary for implementing the communication
scheme.
Figure 1 shows the correct settings for the permissive
overreaching scheme (PO).

Pay attention to the tCoord time that should be set to

zero as normally, in permissive communication
schemes, there is no need to delay the relay operation.

Download (write) the settings into the REL670 (or just

verify that they are the correct ones)

Figure 1: Settings of the main logic (ZCPSCH) for PO scheme

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Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

2. Prepare the settings for ZCRWSCH (temporary OFF)

ZCRWSCH is the function responsible of managing the logics for weak end-infeed and current reversal.

We will test first the PO scheme without any weak-

infeed logic. Make sure the settings are as in Figure
2.

Weak infeed logic will be activated and tested later

on.

Download (write) the settings into the REL670 (or

just verify that they are the correct ones)

Figure 2: Additional logic (ZCRWSCH) deactivated

Injection tests

3. Connect the test set to REL670

Keep the analog connection test set  REL670 as before.

Keep the connection Trip contact REL670  test set as before.

The relay test set must simulate carrier signal sent by the relay at the other line-end by activating one binary
output.
Additionally connect (if not done already from the previous exercise):

IOM INPUT 2 (Carrier Receive, “ZM_CR”)  Binary Output 2 of the test set

IOM OUTPUT 5 (Carrier send, “ZM_CS”)  Binary Input 5 of the test set

4. Open the Omicron test file simulating fault at 90% the line with the carrier sent by the remote relay

The test file is called REL670 PO Communication Scheme.seq. The file is available in the folder Files for SEP-
602A REL670 / OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your training PC.

This file simulates the following sequence:

- Pre-fault
- Fault at 90% of the line (in zone 2)
- Carrier received after 40 ms from the fault simulation (25 ms are simulating the relay starting time on
the remote line-end, and 15 me the transmission time of the carrier)

The sequence is shown in Figure 3 and it is the same as we have used previously, for the PU scheme.

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 Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

Figure 3: Sequence for testing PO scheme

5. Run the sequence and measure the operate time

The relay operate time can be

measured with the help of the two
cursors directly on the “time signal
view”.

Notice an operate time of ca 58 ms

from the fault injection (Figure 4).

Verify in the relay disturbance

recorder that the operation was
done by the communication
scheme

Notice that the carrier was sent,

while previously, testing the PU
scheme, the carrier was not sent by
REL670 (because the fault is in
zone 2 but not in zone 1).

Figure 4: Operate time of the PO scheme, and also carrier send

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Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

Notice also a relay operate time of ca 18

ms from the reception of the carrier
signal (Figure 5).
In reality the REL670 is much faster
than that: it trips in some 10 ms from the
reception of the carrier signal.

You can verify this by measuring with

another equipment the time from when
the carrier signal is present on the relay
binary input and when the relay trip
contact operates.

You can also verify this in the REL670

event list, remember to add ca 3 ms for
the reaction time of the binary output.

Figure 5: Operate time from reception of the carrier signal

6. Remove the carrier signal and verify zone 2 trip

Remove the carrier receive signal from the test set and run the sequence again.
Verify that the REL670 operated by Zone 2 in 400 ms

7. Verify carrier send by REL670 (fault in zone1)

This has already been done in step 5.

8. Verify no trip when only carrier is received

Without any fault injection, activate manually the carrier receive signal and verify that REL670 does not operate
and does not send any carrier signal.

9. Verify no trip when the fault is in reverse and carrier is received

Inject a fault in reverse

position as indicated in
Figure 6. Keep the
simulation of the carrier
received from the
remote line-end

Figure 6: Sequence for fault in reverse position and carrier received

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 Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

Run the sequence and verify that REL670 does not trip instantaneously (by communication scheme) and that no
carrier is sent (Figure 7).

Which zone
operated in 800
ms?

Figure 7: Sequence for fault in reverse position and carrier received. Time delayed trip

The permissive overreaching scheme with weak-infeed logic

In the next steps we will activate and test the weak-infeed logic for the PO scheme.

Relay settings

Distance protection settings are the same as for the previous exercise.

10. Settings for ZCPSCH

ZCPSCH has the same settings as previously, where PO scheme is chosen.

11. Set ZCRWSCH for weak-end infeed

ZCRWSCH is the function responsible of managing the logics for weak end-infeed and current reversal.

Weak infeed logic is activated while current

reversal will be kept off.

For weak-infeed logic we will use the

configuration where the echo carrier is sent
and also local trip command is issued by the
relay:

WEI = Echo & Trip.

Download (write) the settings into the

REL670

Figure 8: Weak-infeed logic activated

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Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

Injection tests

12. Connect the test set to REL670

Keep the analog connection test set  REL670 as before.

Keep the connection Trip contact REL670  test set as before.

The relay test set must simulate carrier signal sent by the relay at the other line-end (strong side) by activating
one binary output.
The carrier send (“ZM_CS”) signal from REL670 represents the “original carrier” (activated by zone 2 start)
and also the “echo carrier”, generated by weak-end infeed logic.

Additionally connect (if not done already from the previous exercise):

IOM INPUT 2 (Carrier Receive, “ZM_CR”)  Binary Output 2 of the test set
IOM OUTPUT 5 (Carrier send, “ZM_CS”)  Binary Input 5 of the test set

13. Open the Omicron test file simulating the weak fault at 40% the line with the carrier sent by the
remote relay

The test file is called REL670 PO WEI.seq. The file is available in the folder Files for SEP-602A REL670 /
OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your training PC.

This file simulates the following sequence:

- Pre-fault
- “Weak Fault” at 40% of the line (in zone 1), with fault current below the minimum operating current
- Carrier received after 40 ms from the fault simulation (25 ms are simulating the relay starting time on
the remote line-end, and 15 me the transmission time of the carrier)

Figure 9: Sequence for testing PO scheme with WEI logic

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 Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

14. Run the sequence and measure the operate time

The relay operate time can be measured with the help of the two cursors directly on the “time signal view”.

Notice an operate time of ca 70 ms from the fault injection (Figure 10).

Verify in the relay disturbance

recorder that the operation was
done by the communication
scheme (WEI)

Notice that the carrier was sent.

It is obviously the “echo-carrier”
as distance protection cannot see
any fault, due to the too low
fault current.

Figure 10: Operate time of the PO with WEI scheme, and also echo carrier send

Notice also a relay operate time of 27 ms from the reception of the carrier signal (Figure 11).
In reality the REL670 is much faster than that: it trips in some 20 ms from the reception of the carrier signal.

You can verify this by measuring with another equipment the time from when the carrier signal is present on the
relay binary input and when the relay trip contact operates.

You can also verify this in the REL670 event list, remember to add ca 3 ms for the reaction time of the binary
output.

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Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

Figure 11: Operate time from reception of the carrier signal

15. Remove the carrier signal and verify no trip from distance protection
Remove the carrier receive signal from the test set and run the sequence again.
Verify that the distance protection in REL670 does not operate.

16. Verify echo carrier send by REL670 (fault in zone1) when carrier is received
This has already been done in step 14.

17. Verify echo-carrier send when only carrier is received

Without any fault injection, activate manually the carrier receive signal and verify that REL670 operates (local
trip by WEI logic due to undervoltage) and that it sends the echo carrier signal.

QUESTION: Did you manage to get REL670 trip by weak-end infeed by only sending the carrier?
Did you manage to get the echo-carrier?

When all the three voltages are low, the weak-end infeed logic only trips if there is a voltage change in all the
three voltages. We need to test this with a more realistic situation, which means we need to create a sequence.

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 Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

18. Modify the sequence to simulate a 3-phase “weak fault”

Figure 12 shows a modification of the sequence, where the “weak fault” is now three-phase

Figure 12: Sequence for “three-phase voltage drop”

You will get the local trip signal with this sequence (Figure 13)

Figure 13: Local trip and echo carrier send for three-phase weak fault

19. Verify no trip and no echo-carrier sent when the fault is in reverse and carrier is received

Inject a fault in reverse position as indicated in Figure 14. This time the fault must not be “weak”, because it is
in reverse direction and it is the same fault that zone 2 sees from the other line-end.
Keep the simulation of
the carrier received from
the remote line-end

Figure 14: Sequence for fault in reverse position and carrier received

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Exercise 5 - Distance protection communication scheme PO

Run the sequence and verify that REL670 does not trip instantaneously (by communication scheme) and that no
carrier is sent (Figure 15).

Which zone
operated in 800
ms?

Figure 15: Sequence for fault in reverse position and carrier received. Time delayed trip

20. Switch-off zone 5 and run the same fault in reverse.

QUESTION: If Zone5 is switched off, the relay trips by WEI, when simulating a fault in reverse! Can you
explain why?

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ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås, Sweden
Phone +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Fax +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation