Line distance protection REL670

Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power

swing

1MRG005017
 Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power swing

Copyright
This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without
written permission from ABB, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to
a third party, nor used for any unauthorized purpose.

The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a

license and may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms
of such license.

Trademarks

ABB is a registered trademark of ABB Group. All other brand or product names
mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
respective holders.

ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås
Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation

Line distance protection REL670 Page 9

1MRG005017
Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power swing

Distance protection and power swing

On completion of this exercise you should be able to

 Understand the need and the settings of power swing function
 Perform relay tests to verify the correct functionality of power swing and its interaction with distance
protection function

Page 8 Line distance protection REL670

1MRG005017
 Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power swing

Distance protection and power swing

Distance protection in REL670 may trip in case of power swing. If the impedance trajectory enters in the
characteristic of one distance protection zone, it will start and if the time trajectory stays within the zone more
than the time delay, the zone will trip.
This is very common for zones with time delay below ca 0,8 seconds. For zones with time delay higher than 1
second, usually the impedance trajectory associated to power swing manages to leave the zone before it
operates.
The function power swing has been designed to recognize a power swing system situation and issue the signal
“power swing detected” that in REL670-A32 has been configured to block the distance protection zones
preventing the trip. The algorithm is based on the measurement of the speed of the impedance trajectory.

In this section we will set and test the power swing function and its interaction with distance protection by
performing several tests.

Relay settings

Distance protection settings, and communication schemes, are the same as for the previous exercise.

1. Power swing settings

REL670-A32 is engineered in order to consider
power swing as a three-phase phenomenon. This
means that it is necessary to set power swing zones
to cover the distance protection zones in the three-
phase plane.
The settings for power swing can be calculated in a
graphical way, by using the Excel file:

REL670_1.2== ZM zones_1.0.xls
available in the folder
Files for SEP-602A REL670 / EXCEL FILES
on the desktop of your training PC.

Figure 1 shows the proposed impedance settings for

power swing function. In this case it has been chosen
to fully cover zone 3, which is he back-up zone in
forward direction with an operate time of 1 second,
as the impedance settings are not extremely large

Figure 1: Impedance settings of power swing from the Excel file

Line distance protection REL670 Page 9

1MRG005017
Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power swing

The full settings for power swing are shown

in figure 2.
Default values for timers tP1 and tP2 have
been used, as no system study is available to
determine the speed of the impedance
trajectory for the protected system.

Download (write) the settings into the

REL670

Figure 2: Settings for power swing function

Injection tests – power swing characteristics

In order to test the power swing function it is necessary first to verify the impedance protection characteristic
(zones “Zout” and “Zin”). To this, the power swing zones are treated as normal distance protection zones, with
instantaneous trip time.
Later on power swing is tested in its functionality of detecting the “impedance trajectory speed” and blocking
distance protection. There is no need to simulate a pseudo-continuous impedance ramp for commissioning tests.
For performance/acceptance tests, it is necessary to realistically simulate the power swing waveforms, and
usually a power network simulator is necessary.

2. Connect the test set to REL670

Keep the analog connection test set  REL670 as before.

Keep the connection Trip contact REL670  test set as before.

The starting signals from the two power swing zones (“Out” and “In”) are available at binary outputs 7 and 8 of
the IOM card. You need to connect them to the relay test set:

IOM OUTPUT 7 (Power swing zone Out, “PSD_ZOUT”)  Binary Input 6 of the test set
IOM OUTPUT 8 (Power swing zone In, “PSD_ZIN”)  Binary Input 7 of the test set

You can keep the other connections between REL670 and the relay test, but they will not be used.

Page 8 Line distance protection REL670

1MRG005017
 Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power swing

3. Open the Omicron test file for the “ZOUT” zone and run the tests

The test file is called

REL670 Power Swing ZOUT.adt.

The file is available in the folder

Files for SEP-602A REL670 / OMICRON

TESTS
on the desktop of your training PC.

The file performs border tests of

the power swing characteristic
“ZOUT”.

Run the tests

Figure 3: Border tests for power swing “ZOUT”

4. Open the Omicron test file for the “ZIN” zone and run the tests

The test file is called

REL670 Power Swing ZIN.adt.

The file is available in the folder

Files for SEP-602A REL670 / OMICRON

TESTS
on the desktop of your training PC.

The file performs border tests of

the power swing characteristic
“ZIN”.

Run the tests

Figure 4: Border tests for power swing “ZIN”

Line distance protection REL670 Page 9

1MRG005017
Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power swing

Injection tests – power swing functionality

The power swing detection is based on the measurement of two non directional impedance zones “ZOUT” and
“ZIN”. In order to test the functionality it is necessary to inject a sequence of steady state states, as shown in
Figure 5.
State 1 represents a normal load
condition.
State 2 represents one 3-phase
apparent impedance between
“ZOUT” and “ZIN”.
State 3 represents a 3-phase fault in
zone 1.

If state 2 injection is longer

than the timer tP1, power
swing will declared and
zone 1 will trip in state 3.

If state 2 injection is shorter

than tP1, power swing will
not be declared and zone 1
will not trip in state 3

Figure 5: Steady state sequence to test power swing

5. Connect the test set to REL670

Keep the analog connection test set  REL670 as before.

Keep the connection Trip contact REL670  test set as before.

The power swing detection signal is available at the binary output 6 of the IOM card.. You need to connect them
to the relay test set:

IOM OUTPUT 6 (Power swing detected, “PSD_START”)  Binary Input 8 of the test set

You can keep the other connections between REL670 and the relay test set, but they will not be used.

Page 8 Line distance protection REL670

1MRG005017
 Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power swing

6. Open the sequence for fault simulation

The test file is called REL670 Power Swing Sequence.seq. The file is available in the folder Files for SEP-
602A REL670 / OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your training PC.
With the proposed sequence, the injected impedance remains between “ZOUT” and “ZIN” for a time less than
tP1, this
means that
Power Swing
will not be
detected and
that zone 1
will trip.

Figure 6: Simulation of a fault. Impedance trajectory faster than timer tP1

7. Run the sequence and verify zone 1 operation

Run the sequence and verify that zone 1 has
operated. No power swing has been detected.

Figure 7: Simulation of a fault. Trip by zone 1

8. Modify the sequence to simulate a power swing

It is necessary to change the duration of step 2, which must be longer than 45 ms (timer tP1).
Consider a time difference of roughly 15 ms between the start time of ZOUT and the start time of ZIN. This
because the fault generated for ZOUT is very close to its border (step 2), while the fault generated for ZIN is far
away from the border (fault in zone 1, step 3). This difference has consequences on the timer tP1, which with
this test starts ca 15 ms later than when it is stopped.
The duration of step 2 in the sequence will be set to 60 ms (tP1 + 15 ms), and this should be enough to activate
the power
swing
detection.

Figure 8: Simulation of power swing slower than tP1.

Line distance protection REL670 Page 9

1MRG005017
Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power swing

9. Run the sequence and verify no trip by distance protection

Distance protection will not trip

because it is blocked by power
swing detection.

Figure 9: Distance protection blocked by power swing

10. Testing the “second swing” (timer tP2)

It is also possible to test the functionality of the second timer tP2, which is usually set shorter than tP1 as it
represents the detection of the second swing related to the same perturbation, which is faster than the first one.
The timer tP2 (set to 20 ms) is used by the power swing function when the measured impedance enters again in
the “ZOUT” area after it has exited it, within the timer tW, which is set to 250 ms.

The sequence used to test the second timer is available on the file REL670 Power Swing Sequence tP1-tP2.seq
in the folder Files for SEP-602A REL670 / OMICRON TESTS on the desktop of your training PC.

Figure 10: The sequence to test the second timer tP2

Page 8 Line distance protection REL670

1MRG005017
 Exercise 7 - Distance protection and power swing

11. Run the sequence and verify no trip by and two power swing detections

Distance protection will not trip and

two different power swing detections
will occur.

Figure 11: Simulation of the second swing, timers tP1 and tP2

12. Change the parameters in the proposed sequence to verify other combinations
Verify the table of cases proposed here below. Consider at least 15 ms more when positioning an impedance
between ZOUT and ZIN for a timer larger than tP1 or tP2

Table 1: Different events for power swing

Event Expected events Result

1st power swing (duration > Power swing detection Ok. Already tested
tP1) and 2nd power swing (tP2 Power swing detection
< duration < tP1) within tW (2 swings of the same perturbation)
1st power swing (duration > Power swing detection
tP1) and 2nd power swing (tP2 Trip by zone 1
< duration < tP1) after tW (1 power swing and a fault after tW)
1st power swing (duration > Power swing detection
tP1) and 2nd power swing Power swing detection
(duration > tP1) after tW (2 swings of 2 different perturbations)

Line distance protection REL670 Page 9

1MRG005017
ABB AB
Substation Automation Products
SE-721 59 Västerås, Sweden
Phone +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Fax +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
www.abb.com/substationautomation