Chapter 2 TOLERANCES AND FITS FOR SMOOTH PARTS

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1
Chapter 2 TOLERANCES AND FITS FOR SMOOTH PARTS

d=D

2
Chapter 2 TOLERANCES AND FITS FOR SMOOTH PARTS

2.1. Tolerance zone

2.2. System of fits

2.3. Designating tolerances and fits on drawings

2.4. Selecting fits of cylindrical joints

3
2.1. Tolerance zone

• 2.1.1. Tolerance value

• 2.1.2. Position of the tolerance zone

• 2.1.3. Tolerance zone

4
 2.1.1. Tolerance value

TCVN 2244 – 1999 standard specifies 20 Grades of

accuracy : 01 ; 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; … ; 18 with a gradual reduction in
accuracy.

* IT01  IT4 : For production of gauges and measuring

intruments.

* IT5  IT11 : For precisive fits in general engineering.

* IT12  IT18 : For specification of limit deviations of non-

tolerated dimensions.

IT  International Tolerance grade

5
 2.1.1. Tolerance value
 From IT5 to IT18 :

T = a. i (m)

a  Accuracy coefficient
i  Fundamental tolerance unit (m)
i = 0,45 3 D + 0,001D

Formula IT5 IT6 IT7 IT8 IT9 IT10 IT11

Tolerance value 7i 10i 16i 25i 40i 64i 100i

Formula IT12 IT13 IT14 IT15 IT16 IT17 IT18

Tolerance value 160i 250i 400i 640i 1000i 1600i 2500i

6
 2.1.1. Tolerance value

 The values of tolerances for grades IT01, IT0, IT1 are

calculated as following:

Formula IT01 IT0 IT1

Tolerance value 0,3 + 0,008D 0,5 + 0,012D 0,8 + 0,020D

 The tolerances for grades IT2 , IT3 , IT4 are selected

approximately in the values of a geometric progression that
has the progression ratio 1,6 and the first and the last values
of which are the tolerances of grades IT1 and IT5.

7
 Table 1: Tolerance values
Grades of
01 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
accuracy
Up to 3 0,3 0,5 0,8 1,2 2 3 4 6 10 14 25 40 60 100 140 250 400 600 1000 1400

Over 3 to 6 0,4 0,6 1 1,5 2,5 4 5 8 12 18 30 48 75 120 180 300 480 750 1200 1800

" 6 " 10 0,4 0,6 1 1,5 2,5 4 6 9 15 22 36 58 90 150 220 360 580 900 1500 2200
Dimension ranges (mm)

" 10 " 18 0,5 0,8 1,2 2 3 5 8 11 18 27 43 70 110 180 270 430 700 1100 1800 2700

" 18 " 30 0,6 1 1,5 2,5 4 6 9 13 21 33 52 84 130 210 330 520 840 1300 2100 3300

" 30 " 50 0,6 1 1,5 2,5 4 7 11 16 25 39 62 100 160 250 390 620 1000 1600 2500 3900

" 50 " 80 0,8 1,2 2 3 5 8 13 19 30 46 74 120 190 300 460 740 1200 1900 3000 4600

" 80 " 120 1 1,5 2,5 4 6 10 15 22 35 54 87 140 220 350 540 870 1400 2200 3500 5400

" 120 " 180 1,2 2 3,5 5 8 12 18 25 40 63 100 160 250 400 630 1000 1600 2500 4000 6300

" 180 " 250 2 3 4,5 7 10 14 20 29 46 72 115 185 290 460 720 1150 1850 2900 4600 7200

" 250 " 315 2,5 4 6 8 12 16 23 32 52 81 130 210 320 520 810 1300 2100 3200 5200 8100

" 315 " 400 3 5 7 9 13 18 25 36 57 89 140 230 360 570 890 1400 2300 3600 5700 8900

" 400 " 500 4 6 8 10 15 20 27 40 63 97 155 250 400 630 970 1550 2500 4000 6300 9700

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2.1.2. Position of the tolerance zone
The position of the tolerance zone, related to the basic size (zero line),
is determined by a so-called fundamental deviation (basic deviation).

A
Positive deviation

C
CD J
D
E EF K M N P Zero line
FF R S
GH T U
Negative deviation

G V X Y
JS Z ZA
ZB
ZC

Disposition of fundamental deviations for hole

* H : the lower deviation of the hole is always equal to zero (EI = 0)

* Js: the hole tolerance zone is equally disposed about the zero line.
9
 Fundamental deviation: that one of the two deviations, being the
one nearest to the zero line, which is conventionally chosen to define
the position of the tolerance zone in relation to the zero line.
Positive deviation

zc
zb
j z za
v x y
g h u Zero line
f fg r s t
d e
ef k mn p
cd
Negative deviation

c js

b
Disposition of fundamental deviations for shaft
a

* h : the upper deviation of the shaft is always equal to zero (es = 0)

* js: the shaft tolerance zone is equally disposed about the zero line.
10
2.1.2. Position of the tolerance zone
* Deviation values of other fundamental deviations are determined in
TCVN 2244 – 1991.
* Fundamental deviations of hole and shaft having the same letter
are equal in value but almost disposed symmetrically about the
zero line.
* Second deviation (non-fundamental deviation) is determined as
follows: For hole: EI = ES - TD or ES = EI + TD
For shaft: ei = es - Td or es = ei + Td

Second deviation of hole

Fundamental deviation of shaft

F Zero line
f
Fundamental deviation of hole Second deviation of shaft

11
 2.1.3. Tolerance zone

Tolerance zone = Fundamental deviation + Tolerance grade

Hole tolerance zone

Fundamental deviation
80
International Tolerance grade

H7 ; Js5 ; F8 … : Hole tolerance zones

h6 ; m7 ; s5 … : Shaft tolerance zones

12
 2.1.3. Tolerance zone

TCVN 2245-1999:

* 72 Standard hole tolerance zones (10 preferred hole

tolerance zones) Table 2

* 81 Standard shaft tolerance zones (16 preferred shaft

tolerance zones) Table 3

* Hole limiting deviations (for size from 1 up to 500mm)

Table 6

* Shaft limiting deviations (for size from 1 up to 500mm)

Table 7
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 Table 2: Standard hole tolerance zones (From 1 up to 500 mm)
Grades of Fundamental deviation
accuracy A B C D E F G H JS K M N P R S T U V X Y Z
01 H01 JS01
0 H0 JS0
1 H1 JS1
2 H2 JS2
3 H3 JS3
4 H4 JS4
5 G5 H5 JS5 K5 M5 N5
6 G6 H6 JS6 K6 M6 N6 P6
7 F7 G7 H7 JS7 K7 M7 N7 P7 R7 S7 T7
8 D8 E8 F8 H8 JS8 K8 M8 N8 U8
9 D9 E9 F9 H9 JS9
10 D10 H10 JS10
11 A11 B11 C11 D11 H11 JS11
12 B12 H12 JS12
13 H13 JS13
14 H14 JS14
15 H15 JS15
16 H16 JS16
17 H17 JS17
14
18 H18 JS18
Table 3: Standard shaft tolerance zones (From 1 up to 500 mm)
Fundamental deviation
Grades of
accuracy a b c d e f g h js k m n p r s t u v x y z
01 h01 js01
0 h0 js 0
1 h1 js 1
2 h2 js 2
3 h3 js 3
4 g4 h4 js 4 k4 m4 n4
5 g5 h5 js 5 k5 m5 n5 p5 r5 s5
6 f6 g6 h6 js 6 k6 m6 n6 p6 r6 s6 t6
7 e7 f7 h7 js 7 k7 m7 n7 s7 u7
8 c8 d8 e8 f8 h8 js 8 u8 x8 z8
9 d9 e9 f9 h9 js 9
10 d10 h10 js10
11 a11 b11 c11 d11 h11 js11
12 b12 h12 js12
13 h13 js13
14 h14 js14
15 h15 js15
16 h16 js16
17 h17 js17
18 h18 js18
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2.2. System of fits

Hole tolerance zone in a basic hole system or in

Fit =
Shaft tolerance zone a basic shaft system

H7 S7
m6 h6

• 2.2.1. Classification

• 2.2.2. Selecting system of fits

16
2.2.1. Classification
a) Basic hole system
The desired clearances and interferences in the fit are
achieved by combinations of various shaft tolerance zones with
the basic hole (fundamental deviation "H“ ; EI = 0).

Zero line

Tolerance zone of basic hole

Tolerance zones of shaft

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 Table 4: Standard fits in basic hole system (From 1 up to 500 mm)

Basic Fundamental deviation of shaft

hole a b c d e f g h js k m n p r s t u v x z
H5 H5 H5 H5 H5 H5
H5
g4 h4 js4 k4 m4 n4
H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H6 H6
H6
f6 g5 h5 js5 k5 m5 n5 p5 r5
H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7 H7
H7
c8 d8 e7 e8 f7 g6 h6 js6 k6 m6 n6 p6 r6 s6 s7 t6 u6
H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8 H8
c8 d8 e8 f7 f8 h7 h8 js7 k7 m7 n7 s7 u8 x8 z8
H8
H8 H8 H8 H8
d9 e9 f9 h9
H9 H9 H9 H9 H9 H9 H9
H9
d9 e8 e9 f8 f9 h8 h9
H10 H10 H10
H10
d10 h9 h10
H11 H11 H11 H11 H11
H11
a11 b11 c11 d11 h11
H12 H12
H12
b12 h12

Note:  Preferred fits

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2.2.1. Classification
b) Basic shaft system
The desired clearances and interferences in the fit are
achieved by combinations of various hole tolerance zones with
the basic shaft (fundamental deviation “h“ ; es = 0).

Tolerance zones of hole

Tolerance zone of basic shaft
Zero line

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 Table 5: Standard fits in basic shaft system (From 1 up to 500 mm)

Fundamental deviation of hole

Basic
shaft A B C D E F G H JS K M N P R S T U

G5 H5 JS5 K5 M5 N5
h4
h4 h4 h4 h4 h4 h4
F7 G6 H6 JS6 K6 M6 N6 P6
h5
h5 h5 h5 h5 h5 h5 h5 h5
D8 E8 F7 F8 G7 H7 JS7 K7 M7 N7 P7 R7 S7 T7
h6
h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6 h6
D8 E8 F8 H8 JS8 K8 M8 N8 U8
h7
h7 h7 h7 h7 h7 h7 h7 h7 h7
D8 D9 E8 E9 F8 F9 H8 H9
h8
h8 h8 h8 h8 h8 h8 h8 h8
D9 D10 E9 F9 H8 H9 H10
h9
h9 h9 h9 h9 h9 h9 h9
D10 H10
h10
h10 h10
A11 B11 C11 D11 H11
h11
h11 h11 h11 h11 h11
B12 H12
h12
h12 h12

Note:  Preferred fits

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 Table 6: Hole limiting deviations (for size from 1 up to 500mm)
Hole tolerance zone
Dimension
G5 H5 JS5 K5 M5 N5 G6 H6 JS6 K6 M6 N6 P6
ranges (mm)
Limiting deviations (m)
+6 +4 +2 0 -2 -4 +8 +6 +3 0 -2 -4 -6
From 1 to 3
+2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 +2 0 - 3 -6 -8 -10 -12
+9 +5 +2,5 0 -3 -7 +12 +8 +4 +2 -1 -5 -9
Over 3 to 6
+4 0 - 2,5 -5 -8 -12 +4 0 - 4 - 6 -9 -13 -17
+11 +6 +3 +1 -4 -8 +14 +9 +4,5 +2 -3 -7 -12
" 6 " 10
+5 0 -3 -5 -10 -14 +5 0 - 4,5 - 7 -12 -16 -21
+14 +8 +4 +2 -4 -9 +17 +11 +5,5 +2 -4 -9 -15
" 10 " 18
+6 0 -4 -6 -12 -17 +6 0 - 5,5 - 9 -15 -20 -26
+16 +9 +4,5 +1 -5 -12 +20 +13 +6,5 +2 -4 -11 -18
" 18 " 30
+7 0 - 4,5 - 8 -14 -21 +7 0 - 6,5 -11 -17 -24 -31
+20 +11 +5,5 +2 -5 -13 +25 +16 +8 +3 -4 -12 -21
" 30 " 50
+9 0 - 5,5 -9 -16 -24 +9 0 - 8 -13 -20 -28 -37
+23 +13 +6,5 +3 -6 -15 +29 +19 +9,5 +4 -5 -14 -26
" 50 " 80
+10 0 - 6,5 -10 -19 -28 +10 0 - 9,5 -15 -24 -33 -45
+27 +15 +7,5 +2 -8 -18 +34 +22 +11 +4 -6 -16 -30
" 80 " 120
+12 0 - 7,5 -13 -23 -33 +12 0 - 11 -18 -28 -38 -52
+32 +18 +9 +3 -9 -21 +39 +25 +12,5 +4 -8 -20 -36
" 120 " 180
+14 0 -9 -15 -27 -39 +14 0 -12,5 -21 -33 -45 -61
+35 +20 +10 +2 -11 -25 +44 +29 +14,5 +5 -8 -22 -41
" 180 " 250
+15 0 -10 -18 -31 -45 +15 0 -14,5 -24 -37 -51 -70
+40 +23 +11,5 +3 -13 -27 +49 +32 +16 +5 -9 -25 -47
" 250 " 315
+17 0 -11,5 -20 -36 -50 +17 0 - 16 -27 -41 -57 -79
+43 +25 +12,5 +3 -14 -30 +54 +36 +18 +7 -10 -26 -51
" 315 " 400
+18 0 -12,5 -22 -39 -55 +18 0 - 18 -29 -46 -62 -87
+47 +27 +13,5 +2 -16 -33 +60 +40 +20 +8 -10 -27 -55
" 400 " 500
+20 0 -13,5 -25 -43 -60 +20 0 - 20 -32 -50 -67 -95
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 Table 6 (continueing): Hole limiting deviations (for size from 1 up to 500mm)

Hole tolerance zone

Dimension
ranges F7 G7 H7 JS7 K7 M7 N7 P7 R7 S7 T7 D8 E8 F8 H8 JS 8 K8 M8 N8 U8
(mm)
Limiting deviations (m)
From 1 to + 16 + 12 + 10 +5 0 - 2 - 4 - 6 - 10 - 14  +34 +28 +20 +14 +7 0 -2 - 4 - 18
3 + 6 + 2 0 -5 - 10 -12 -14 -16 - 20 - 24  +20 +14 +6 0 -7 -14 -16 -18 - 32

Over 3 to + 22 + 16 +1 2 +6 +3 0 -4 - 8 - 11 - 15  +48 +38 +28 +18 +9 +5 +2 - 2 - 23

6 + 10 +4 0 -6 -9 - 12 - 16 - 20 - 23 - 37  +30 +20 +10 0 -9 -13 -16 -20 - 41

+28 +20 +15 +7 +5 0 - 4 - 9 - 13 - 17  +62 +47 +35 +22 + 11 +6 +1 - 3 - 28

" 6 " 10
+13 + 5 0 -7 - 10 - 15 - 19 - 24 -28 - 32  +40 +25 +13 0 -11 -16 -21 -25 - 50

+34 +24 +18 +9 +6 0 - 5 - 11 - 16 - 21  +77 +59 +43 +27 + 13 +8 +2 - 3 - 33

" 10 " 18
+16 + 6 0 -9 - 12 - 18 - 23 - 29 -34 - 39  +50 +32 +16 0 -13 -19 -25 -30 - 60

 - 41
" 18 " 24
+ 41 + 28 + 21 +10 +6 0 - 7 - 14 - 20 - 27  +98 +73 +53 +33 + 16 +10 +4 - 3 - 74
+ 20 + 7 0 -10 - 15 - 21 - 28 - 35 - 41 - 48 - 33 +65 +40 +20 0 -16 -23 -29 -36 - 48
" 24 " 30
- 54 - 81

- 39 - 60
" 30 " 40
+ 50 + 34 + 25 + 12 +7 0 - 8 - 17 - 25 - 34 - 64 +119 +89 +64 +39 + 19 +12 +5 - 3 - 99
+ 25 + 9 0 - 12 - 18 - 25 - 33 - 42 - 50 - 59 - 45 + 80 +50 +25 0 -19 -27 -34 -42 - 70
" 40 " 50
- 70 -109

- 30 - 42 - 55 - 87
" 50 " 65
+60 +40 +30 +15 +9 0 - 9 - 21 - 60 -72 -85 +146 +106 +76 +46 + 23 +14 +5 - 4 -133
+30 +10 0 - 15 - 21 - 30 -39 - 51 - 32 - 48 - 64 +100 + 60 +30 0 -23 -32 -41 -50 -102
" 65 " 80
- 62 -78 -94 -148

- 38 - 58 - 78 -124
" 80 " 100
+ 71 + 47 + 35 + 17 + 10 0 - 10 - 24 - 73 -93 -113 +174 +126 +90 +54 + 27 +16 +6 - 4 -178
+ 36 + 12 0 - 17 - 25 - 35 - 45 - 59 - 41 - 66 - 91 +120 + 72 +36 0 - 27 -38 -48 -58 -144
" 110 " 120
- 76 -101 -120 -198

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 Table 7: Shaft limiting deviations (for size from 1 up to 500mm)
Shaft tolerance zone
Dimension
g4 h4 js4 k4 m4 n4 g5 h5 js5 k5 m5 n5 p5 r5 s5
ranges (mm)
Limiting deviations (m)
- 3 0 +1,5 +3 +5 +7 - 2 0 +2 +4 +6 +8 +10 + 14 + 18
From 1 to 3
- 5 -3 - 1,5 0 +2 +4 - 6 -4 - 2 0 +2 +4 +6 + 10 + 14
- 4 0 +2 +5 +8 +12 - 4 0 +2,5 +6 +9 +13 +17 + 20 + 24
Over 3 to 6
- 8 -4 - 2 +1 +4 +8 - 9 -5 - 2,5 +1 +4 +8 +12 + 15 + 19
- 5 0 +2 +5 +10 +14 - 5 0 +3 +7 +12 +16 +21 + 25 + 29
" 6 " 10
- 9 -4 - 2 +1 +6 +10 - 11 -6 - 3 +1 +6 +10 +15 + 19 + 23
- 6 0 +2,5 +6 +12 +17 - 6 0 +4 +9 +15 +20 +26 + 31 + 36
" 10 " 18
- 11 -5 - 2,5 +1 +7 +12 - 14 -8 - 4 +1 +7 +12 +18 + 23 + 28
" 18 " 24 - 7 0 +3 +8 +14 +21 - 7 0 +4,5 +11 +17 +24 +31 + 37 + 44
" 24 " 30 - 13 -6 - 3 +2 +8 +15 - 16 -9 - 4,5 +2 +8 +15 +22 + 28 + 35
" 30 " 40 - 9 0 +3,5 +9 +16 +24 - 9 0 +5,5 +13 +20 +28 +37 + 45 + 54
" 40 " 50 - 16 -7 - 3,5 +2 +9 +17 - 20 - 11 - 5,5 +2 +9 +17 +26 + 34 + 43
+ 54 + 66
" 50 " 65
- 10 0 +4 +10 +19 +28 - 10 0 +6,5 +15 +24 +33 +45 + 41 + 53
- 18 -8 - 4 +2 +11 +20 - 23 - 13 - 6,5 +2 +11 +20 +32 + 56 + 72
" 65 " 80
+ 43 + 59
+ 66 + 86
" 80 " 100
- 12 0 +5 +13 +23 +33 - 12 0 +7,5 +18 +28 +38 +52 + 51 + 71
- 22 - 10 - 5 +3 +13 +23 - 27 - 15 - 7,5 +3 +13 +23 +37 + 69 + 94
" 100 " 120
+ 54 + 79
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 Table 7 (continueing): Shaft limiting deviations (for size from 1 up to 500mm)
Dimension Shaft tolerance zone
Ranges f6 g6 h6 js-6 k6 m6 n6 p6 r6 s6 t6 e7 f7 h7 js-7 k7 m7 n7 s7 u7
(mm) Limiting deviations (m)

- 6 - 2 0 +3 +6 +8 +10 +12 +16 +20  - 14 - 6 0 +5 +10  +14 +24 +28

From 1 to 3
- 12 - 8 -6 -3 0 +2 +4 + 6 +10 +14  - 24 - 16 -10 -5 0  +1 +14 +18

- 10 - 4 0 +4 +9 +12 +16 +20 +23 +27  - 20 - 10 0 +6 +13 +16 +20 +31 +35
Over 3 to 6
- 18 - 12 -8 -4 +1 +4 +8 +12 +15 +19  - 32 - 22 -12 -6 +1 +4 +8 +19 +23

- 13 - 5 0 +4,5 +10 +15 +19 +24 +28 +32  - 25 - 13 0 +7 +16 +21 +25 +38 +43
" 6 " 10
- 22 - 14 -9 - 4,5 +1 +6 +10 +15 +19 +23  - 40 - 28 -15 -7 +1 +6 +10 +23 +28

- 16 - 6 0 +5,5 +12 +18 +23 +29 +34 +39  - 32 - 16 0 +9 +19 +25 +30 +46 +51
" 10 " 18
- 27 - 17 -11 - 5,5 +1 +7 +12 +18 +23 +28  - 50 - 34 -18 -9 +1 +7 +12 +28 +33

+62
" 18 " 24
+41
- 20 - 7 0 +6,5 +15 +21 +28 +35 +41 +48 +54 - 40 - 20 0 +10 +23 +29 +36 +56
- 33 - 20 -13 - 6,5 +2 +8 +15 +22 +28 +35 +41 - 61 - 41 -21 - 10 +2 +8 +15 +35
+69
" 24 " 30
+48

+64 +85
" 30 " 40
+48 +60
- 25 - 9 0 +,8 +18 +25 +33 +42 +50 +59 - 50 - 25 0 +12 +27 +34 +42 +68
- 41 - 25 -16 -8 +2 +9 +17 +26 +34 +43 - 75 - 50 -25 - 12 +2 +9 +17 +43
+70 +95
" 40 " 50
+54 +70

+60 +72 +85 +83 +117

" 50 " 65
+41 +53 +66 +53 + 87
- 30 - 10 0 +9,5 +21 +30 +39 +51 - 60 - 30 0 +15 +32 +41 +50
- 49 - 29 -19 - 9,5 +2 +11 +20 +32 - 90 - 60 -30 - 15 +2 +11 +20
+62 +78 +94 +89 +132
" 65 " 80
+43 +59 +75 +59 +102

+73 +93 +113 +106 +159

" 80 " 100
+51 +71 + 91 + 71 +124
- 36 - 12 0 +11 +25 +35 +45 +59 - 72 - 36 0 +17 +38 +48 +58
- 58 - 34 -22 - 11 +3 +13 +23 +37 -107 - 71 -35 - 17 +3 +13 +23
+76 +101 +126 +114 +179
" 100 " 120
+54 + 79 +104 + 79 +144
24
 Table 7 (continueing): Shaft limiting deviations (for size from 1 up to 500mm)
Dimension Shaft tolerance zone
Ranges c8 d8 e8 f8 h8 js8 u8 x8 z8 d9 e9 f9 h9 js9 d10 h10 js10
(mm) Limiting deviations (m)
- 60 - 20 - 14 - 6 0 +7 + 32 + 34 + 40 - 20 - 14 - 6 0 +12 - 20 0 +20
From 1 to 3
- 74 - 34 - 28 - 20 -14 - 7 + 18 + 20 + 26 - 45 - 39 - 31 - 25 - 12 - 60 - 40 - 20

- 70 - 30 - 20 - 10 0 +9 + 41 + 46 + 53 - 30 - 20 - 10 0 +15 - 30 0 +24
Over 3 to 6
- 88 - 48 - 38 - 28 -18 - 9 + 23 + 28 + 35 - 60 - 50 - 40 - 30 - 15 - 78 - 48 - 24

- 80 - 40 - 25 - 13 0 +11 + 50 + 56 + 64 - 40 - 25 - 13 0 +18 - 40 0 +29

" 6 " 10
-102 - 62 - 47 - 35 -22 - 11 + 28 + 34 + 42 - 76 - 61 - 49 - 36 - 18 - 98 - 58 - 29

+ 67 + 77
" 10 " 14
- 95 - 50 - 32 - 16 0 +13 + 60 + 40 + 50 - 50 - 32 - 16 0 +21 - 50 0 +35
-122 - 77 - 59 - 43 -27 - 13 + 33 + 72 + 87 - 93 - 75 - 59 - 43 - 21 -120 - 70 - 35
" 14 " 18
+ 45 + 60

+ 74 + 87 +106
" 18 " 24
-110 - 65 - 40 - 20 0 +16 + 41 + 54 + 73 - 65 - 40 - 20 0 +26 - 65 0 +42
-143 - 98 - 73 - 53 -33 - 16 + 81 + 97 +121 -117 - 92 - 72 - 52 - 26 -149 - 84 - 42
" 24 " 30
+ 48 + 64 + 88

-120 + 99 + 119 +151

" 30 " 40
-159 - 80 - 50 - 25 0 +19 + 60 + 80 +112 - 80 - 50 - 25 0 +31 - 80 0 +50
-130 -119 - 89 - 64 -39 - 19 +109 +136 +175 -142 -112 - 87 - 62 - 31 -180 -100 - 50
" 40 " 50
-169 + 70 + 97 +136

-140 +133 +168 +218

" 50 " 65
-186 -100 - 60 - 30 0 +23 + 87 +122 +172 -100 - 60 - 30 0 +37 -100 0 +60
-150 -146 -106 - 76 -46 - 23 +148 +192 +256 -174 -134 -104 - 74 - 37 -220 -120 - 60
" 65 " 80
-196 +102 +146 +210

-170 +178 +232 +312

" 80 " 100
-224 -120 - 72 - 36 0 +27 +124 +178 +258 -120 - 72 - 36 0 +43 -120 0 +70
-180 -174 -126 - 90 -54 - 27 +198 +264 +364 -207 -159 -123 - 87 - 43 -260 -140 - 70
" 100 " 120
-234 +144 +210 +310

25
2.2.2. Selecting system of fits
 Although both systems are equivalent in the view of functional
properties, the basic hole system is used preferably.
 The basic shaft system is used in some cases:
- Many holes are mounted in the plain shaft to obtain different fits
at different portions of the shaft.
2 3 4
1

26
2.2.2. Selecting system of fits
 The shaft basic system is used in some cases:
- Shaft is a standardized and machined part such as fits for
the outer races of bearings in housing bores.

Fit in the basic

shaft system

? ?

Fit in the basic

hole system

27
2.2.2. Selecting system of fits

Standard fits shoud be used preferably, if not:

* Design a fit in a basic hole system or in a basic shaft

system.

* Use hole tolerance greater or equal to the shaft tolerance.

Tolerances of the hole and shaft should not differ by more than
two grades.

28
2.3. Designating tolerances and fits on drawings
2.3.1. Designating tolerances on detail drawings
* By indicating the tolerance zone symbol:
18H7 ; 30e8 ; 50JS6 …
* By indicating the number values of the limiting deviations:
- 0,040
18 +0,018 ; 30 - 0,073 ; 50  0,008
* By combining both methods:
- 0,040
18H7( +0,018 ) ;30e8 ( - 0,073 ) ; 50JS6 ( 0,008 )
+0,018

-0,040
-0,073
0
Ø18

Ø30

29
2.3.2. Designating fits on assembly drawings

Þ50 H7–f7 Þ50 H7/f7

2 3

H7
35 k6

H9
H7
20 k6

30 f8
4
8
5
6

30
 2.3.2. Designating fits on detail drawings

35 H7
k6

35+0,025
H9
H7 30
20 f8
k6
20+0,015
+0,002

30 -0,020
-0,053
35 +0,018
+0,002

31
2.4. Selecting fits of cylindrical joints

• II.4.1 Selecting Clearance fit

• II.4.2 Selecting Transition fit

• II.4.3 Selecting Interference fit

32
II.4.1. Selecting Clearance fit
H Precision sliding fits with very small clearances (Smin = 0) for precise

h guiding and centring of parts

H5 H6 Piston – Cylinder ; Tailstock spindle – Tailstock
h4 h5
H7
Milling cutters on milling mandrels ; change gears
h6
H8 without any special requirements for fit accuracy
h7

H G Close running fits and sliding fits with small clearances for

g h accurate guiding of shafts

H7 sliding gears and clutch disks, crankshaft journals

g6
H6
As above but special requirements for fit accuracy
g5
33
II.4.1. Selecting Clearance fit
H F Normal running fits with medium clearances with general

f h requirements for fit accuracy

H7 Sleeve bearings on machine tool spindles ; freely movable

f7 gear on shafts

H8
As above but without any special requirements for fit accuracy
f7
H E Easy running fits with greater clearances for high running

e h speed or heavy journal pressures, or both

H7 H8 H8
e8 e8 e9
H D Loose running fits with great clearances, not for use where
accuracy is essential, but suitable for large temperature
d h
variations
H8 H8 H9
d8 d9 d9 34
 II.4.2. Selecting Transition fit
Locational transition fits with small clearances (probability rate
H Js
of clearances is 99%) or negligible interference. The parts can
js h be assembled or disassembled manually.

H7 H6 H8 : change gears ; hand wheels ; bushes …

js6 js5 js7

H K Locational transition fits for accurate location, a compromise

k h between clearance and interference.

H7 H6 H8 : gears, belt pulleys, brakes, couplings and clutches

k6 k5 k7 … on shafts

35
 II.4.2. Selecting Transition fit

H M Locational transition fits (probability rate of interference is about

m h 80%). Mounting of fits using low pressing force.

H7 H6 : gears, belt pulleys, brakes, couplings and clutches … on

m6 m5 shafts which bear more heavy load

H N Locational transition fits (probability rate of interference is 99%).

n h Mounting of fits using pressing force.

H7 H6 : fixed plugs of fixture ; gears on shafts which bear heavy

n6 n5 load

36
II.4.3. Selecting Interference fit
H P Light drive fits with small interferences designed for thin
p h sections, long fits or fits with cast iron external members.

H H H R S T
r s t h h h
Pressed fits with medium interferences. Assembly of parts using hot
pressing. Assembly using cold pressing only with use of large forces.

H H H U X Z
u x z h h h
Force or shrink fits with big interferences designed for highly loaded
couplings. Assembly using pressing and great forces under different
temperatures of the parts.
37