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Maths-M2 - MODULE-1

Maths-M2- MODULE-1

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81 views52 pages

Maths-M2 - MODULE-1

Maths-M2- MODULE-1

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cifax83051
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4+ MATRICES ee Maoctytx 3= * veetang ulax exrangements a, vous anc - columns TS awed a matrix - the: vows anol tecluwins ? ae equal Ts sath 40 be a squane mottx, tH a] ate uncqual then eH ane sard +o be Yectang ula matetx | Upper a Prcctele A Squete matix 15 said to be oppo tyiangulan matix when all the clements bet the pancteal segpies: axe Zev - Loven Mfangutas: meclrtx 2 oy squane matte TT sata to be lowen | Afangulax mattx when all the elements | above the prnapal Hagenal ance Zen Untt matrix or ra mecttx “n tthe Realy ne square Ts say to be onth mattx - All the clements ‘in “paincip le a ane 1 and pea ance Zero - Sealasr Matyy « “AI the elements In pyincfple absagnaa axe qual te other than |- L wane mechix fe satd To mochfa rH +p be . skew aaa ( ce moti¥x 1s, satd MIT a | rd te be orthogonal © mati ts sal | de aise, A. to. sotto be hermTHan merA |) uate matbfe A Ts safd to be skew F Aco A (AS = -AT) une moatix A Ts sard -to be Bo A-4fs L- 7s a nal mobix we define Hs yank | num bex or non— Ze Yows Tha meabix vonk of the maectrix - oe + 4 e yank ob mat*x A = f ag us 3 4 ‘3X2 Aa (eee: Ss + = 4-6 =-2A40 PA) == —— Q amd the yank Of the macht “ol bow hs we \ Ca gelt— ; Pes. A aft 24 ia sco of B+ 6 he 123 if Set \ ; eat i I(o-4#D - 20-56) + 3 (35-45) =a AIT 112 4-37 | 112-88 Lee Dai > & = anat- arvigk- troladam obgt sTdspit ot Echelon mins of mactytx ¢— crete wo A mattx ts sath te be tnathe co ae tt has the peligeton oO ee * Ze vows, 7 et long non eon 108 j fe The; : f ae te 33 ~F oO 4s -s1f o+< ‘oF eae ° 3 <= meabik nto echelon -form and find ES Yarl =4 Rank 1 Ftd the vank 4 the = meatbytx a 2 3 - ime 1) -4+ a 1 -3 \ R.—> R.-2R Po’ -B 2 Ks—> 22 -28R oO -2 #9 ~Te Oo -s- 10 +10 o +85 Ge Ra | 1 eS s Oo -3 |S -+# © 0 -ts e& Re —> 2Ryd BSR ) AX=B Te alled the system of nen — aie aie que # SENFQ= Pls wen the suchen se conststant - #4 FG) £FGs/a) then the eysten fs Sreenststant . # Unique solutton= eta) = P(aley=n- # No solutfon s— Peay x PF GA/B) - errata & SIinfintte solutions 6049 = PGA/BD-A +4y+6z =0 1 a 2 x 2 2-2 -1//w] _ fis : : ea EWP a4 t é t+ 6 3 ° Mite oats Ra— > 8R3-4R2 1 -e Ra — > BRat R. ° ett 7 as o 9 Sp |- 355 oo 4 fl Ra Rs Was tine ad ~ om ORS) <5) Ml inl ane orto fi Stem ey 4 Ome eT ay Pye rye, fate = FCA) = PCAB) = Sen SiS Tnconstetant and has mr ay tee = 2 writ uc solu on v 2 e+. X Me 247 5 SES = e/a = Ww Plus s° Rove that the Feleeaa| sxt of equetron ane consistent and solve 3 3 2 r A Ree e fs 2 in Rp4—> SR4 — =F - Ceno) Seni o-1s -} 13 Re. —> SRa—!ORa 3 2 2 I Oo} 8 j-s ul —> Ry t+ SRo { ia 4 oO 88 29 Fl oO Oo 7+] 68- Ry —> 2ARy +14 Ra SR Ae 1 : o 8s ee ty Oo On2% sts, Ay? | J oO | Oe ke. RR. RR ra 1f6é R2—7 Ra-2Rhi o 21 \-£ OL =A |e> Bm ema fl) | i 4 oot lsd | =)) Hg. (A) = PIB) +R3t+ 1GRo oO ° (04) = Cle) = 3 16 Bs -+ ° “S424 {= . ae je Lib ll g B10-| 333 =5 Re —~> ERa tk, P@y= CCA/—a) = Bam ah Te cenetsbant with unique solution aoa t TH TS. > 2 He | t pea , sor “Uh2y there Case| t— aA=83 u=!l0 Pay = 2 (Pale) | Oo 00 0;0 r(A= Pre) = 3 <" Ht fs conststant anol hos Tnfintte noo 4 solutron AtYyte =I) | Ls |} ytse=o z= a aac) ie. | 142k; 4 +3z =) Zak Y= '-38k A= 2k, 2 =*] -3 ! Gauss Hrmtnatron I- le Soe the equattons i wating the ¢'* ekinthatin Mo A ty y zZ=10 Sxt2g +32 =1¢ oot *4 tdesig . SPs y @ | aD 3p \ ; : a es 3 14 4 PX sufA@s MLB SG) Foes) C= 2a flea) =n anol has Sunrque golution Hts concte tant 2xtyte =lo {tee ae ytis=4 tn aig ee ya ene r= 2=5 = —J an tay re “4 +z S16 Z = 140 eo ey 3 Solve an, +421, +%,= 3 By t2%2-2%3 =—-d eh =. mcs | i 28k) [2 4 1 Ry Ome a+ Nelucs anol efgen Vectors IEA ts nen square malik and Wa chana, equatton |A-a | co whee a Te a Potrometor aunel Ts an cep mobix ancl ts nels on the cooley Phe matin YW ancl vecluce “thes pal PAP pated we a Mie voots those voots ote alled eget Values - | = hale Value thente exists coveepona a Yectoy. + Std Bader values ond Baer. vectors ofthe mati A= ape 6) 2 6 4 - eee eS 3x3 Sol Me A-At = ( 8-a —€ a | ~€ 4A 4 2 4 Sara athe = chanacterstte aint Ts la wel =0 S-alla-a) (sa 16] + s[-e)@-arte] +2 [24- 1s+2a] [s-toatas] +6 (-1e+6a +9]/+2/[ 1ot2a 7 Lat | eee Ss 897 sa +1004 S_¢0 HEAL Bs ' 20 nd orgen_ values ancl Ses vectors =, AS ae eat | i es | as = a: s a A= {A-Axz]x, = . 3°Amd she ex. ik values | anck At sA +52 =6° 1 A s+ set ee A 4 + So eae (ee a0) Cats. 0: 6-4 | s44 = aa. + pili s -4o8 he charracteuetre. ee \rs |4 =z =a [-12-3A +4ra+a 2 12J ~1fu-a ate] +3[-4~ [atest 24] —f2-aTe aL easied atta —2 4 A Bary 24a -2+A +t 6A 730 ort vot —AF 4220-66 =o ; Ro aN So SO) ; by coy be hammrten -heovenm A= A . A®-—322A4 +56 =0 i & > Reb eS. oo -3 eB 3 aot +t 2-4 “ye ale Hence anal Hommtllax hep Ts f, ' . T . AS asn+s6F =0 A artseal=6 4 . : SEA 5 = —A*4227 -8 22 6 alive an 4] —2fa-sa 44] -1 [yoo g aa] raf a+—2a ~ 24 —2fate] -1 { 2d-£] - | A 2a- 3 AF +2A*b Ba + 4A—12 <2a46 —AS43a %24 40 AP -3A7_2A-44 = 63, = say hammPlan _theoven Aax AZ BA>_aAtq=0 At= (ae ee 1 eae Ley Haron “4 a Men mt Ler : , ; theorem si nea ested 7 a 3a * As BA aay = +94) el aa =e) S} aA hae Baca caytey Hammitan therm toy ae oF -3-a =e ree I-A 8a [-3+80—A sa>el, + Ste 6] 4 [rte+a4+ sa] Balaton 11 +8l-4a tie] +> [sa —4] Batt tea — BB a 2A7*HIA — S2At SO H CATNE a2 46a 74 99A-G2 = 0 » A®- 6A —A +22 =0 ery eae a -A 422-0 hammfltan theorem ~- A=Aa ale > aa oo the mabyrx l: aos + e. Osman = § ee Sl:- Bo the procedure Of eter vedovx . ond values ae problem a Byes values 0, 3,157 Figen vectow, X= [I sets [| xee[2]9 2 VCi-45-2 (2449 Fo Cs 2a eey -3 -2 (6) +2-(- 8) xork —B-l2—-l2 =240 4S) % Progonalrze she meb a= 6 -2 2 S1:- Erqen values = 252.8 cr vectors tt de oe aA—a s-a{ 42 -6a -aa ¢az] +2 [H4t2a] s-al ariaatae] +2 [20-4] “5A2-65 A TIIO—4 3,307 aBA ° fi —jea% — 14a t162 A 5 maths, = - aa al ees |? eet ) 2 Ye ae . thee (244) +20-2 5 10449 (6) Papo 4)|- Tape 30 ~ BI B52 ail + soul nee Tn Eaeiees Hey tac atten my tay™ et 747 a = “<* 2q- So{2— t ils. ¥ toc Pes | aus —! a a Reduce the quadiake lorena) TH Smit Si 22% $227 — 204, Fnto cenontcal fom ass Squares fo n MB brnomal oy using othe 0 trane-formection iene €E 12m) Sol s- m» 2 f Gon after ef £20 haya : ene Via -¥@} Mjandts — ‘ 3} Canonical Yorm 3- yy = Anptttaye | teen mage opt Se aN the “a valida “Me 4, 4} sthe ex Vectore an | = ve = Ul 1 Vos 1 Yor ; 1 ai vee “SK 6 WeOt*he 4 t f Cononfoal fon Le | y Toy san po Paaye stays « +3 GOTT ty Orthogonat tronstonmatton’- x PYG WA Yo Yo. Woy | Op. ° aS el of ye dey Ma day 2 dete yey ee we the quadualc, Poca,» GnXiay aaa =a Pn sur | squores Horm ‘ stransformd-hien » i } oe oC ali Normatised machin Pow 2/Se Ye Nis VW GB 2h ° Vig o os: b=ptap sere a a sas SRhee thee Yr Vos Beare Vis m, li Pee = eae caer Notice Op the qraduatte ia i- Sndex :~ She number oI ave tevms Tn a -conornitcal fom Sf quadmatc form Ys catlel -the frolex andi % denotect 4 Cae Rank: ~ She number ers Zev yews nae ss a andts called nk anol denoted by” a Bra pe-tive. 2— — vte the wank of a al

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